“介詞-+-關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句(共3頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型定語從句五大考點“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是英語語法中的難點和重點, 近年來高考對這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有which 和whom。如先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which；如先行詞是人，則引導(dǎo)詞用whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the book. 考點1 簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只

2、能用whom, 指物時只能用which；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定；或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后。（1）根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞，其動詞或介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動詞短語。例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for

3、 help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語。例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in ou

4、r class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時間、地點、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點、原因狀語時，可分別用when, where, why 替換。例如：I”ll never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army.The factory in which (=where) his father works is far away

5、 from my hometown.I don”t know the reason for which (=why) he was late.（4）根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動詞不是由固定的動詞短語構(gòu)成的，這時，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。例如：This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.This is the pilot by whom my son was saved

6、.1. (2004全國卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：關(guān)系代詞which指代the journey, 定語從句恢復(fù)為獨立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案選A。 2. (2004全國卷) The English play _ my students

7、 acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：本句主句部分應(yīng)是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.從句補全為獨立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案選C。 3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as som

8、eone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析：先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，identify.as.意為“把當(dāng)作”，故答案選D。 考點2 復(fù)雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納： 用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whom, whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in fr

9、ont of, in case of, on account of等。例如：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided? 考點3 簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。高考考例：(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until af

10、ter 5:30 p.m. _ time many people have gone home.A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which 解析：介詞by表示時間的意思是“到那時為止”。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那時許多人都已經(jīng)回家了”。故答案選D。 考點4 the+ 名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系, 口語中常用“whose + 名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“of which the +名詞”。 高考考例：(2000上海) Recently I bought an a

11、ncient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 解析：答案選B。本題就是一個考查the+ 名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。 考點5 表示部分的詞語of關(guān)系代詞 知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all, b

12、oth, none, neither, either, some, any, 數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級/比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of whic

13、h解析：答案為D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B選項缺少一個連詞。2. (2004遼寧卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad.A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 解析：答案為A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的。 “介詞 關(guān)系代詞”

14、引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見錯誤我們在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句時,常常會看到"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,即把從句中的某一介詞或介詞短語提到關(guān)系代詞前.使用這類定語從句時,常常會出現(xiàn)五類錯誤.現(xiàn)在歸納如下：一、關(guān)系詞的誤用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (wh

15、ich)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)簡析:當(dāng)介詞位于從句的句首時,介詞后一般用關(guān)系代詞whom(指人,如1不可為who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行詞即使為表示時間或地點的名詞,介詞后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不過,注意介詞from有時根據(jù)句意的需要,也可以接where.如:He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on th

16、e desk.他躲在門后面,從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西一下.(指from behind the door"從門后面",并非指from the door"從門")二、拆開從句中極固定的動詞搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after for many years)簡析:若將定語從句中搭配極為固定的短語中的介詞提前,其中的短語可能會失去它們本身的意義或可能使句子產(chǎn)生歧義,如look afte

17、r, look for, depend on, go in for (迷戀)等短語.三、介詞與定語從句所修飾的先行詞搭配不當(dāng)6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. (on) 7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)簡析:6. on the farm為習(xí)慣搭配,表示"在農(nóng)場"7. in與way搭配,表示"用辦法,以方式".四、介詞與定語從句中的謂語部分搭配不當(dāng)8. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)簡析:8. turn to sb. for help表示"向某人求助"9. tie與to連用,