高考英語二輪復習課件推理判斷題閱讀理解電子教案

1、高考英語二輪復習課件推理判斷題閱讀理解 思路點撥：B推理判斷題。Swansea定位，講到父親會從Swansea起航，我們帶給他family photograph的目的是be kept with him和keep him safe，推斷出我們是去給父親送行。 英語閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意，這就是判斷推理題。 推理題在提問中常用的詞有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。 通過定義、定語從句/詞組或同位語從句/詞組等來確定詞義。 1. 直接定義：如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的

2、定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根據(jù)上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是 “困境”。 定義句的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent等。細節(jié)推斷題 要求學生根據(jù)語篇關系，推斷具

3、體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等。判斷推理是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動。但它并非無章可循。 推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎；要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。 例例: (2011江蘇卷B篇)Your National Park watchdogAttractionsDo you：Love the Nationa

4、l Park，value it and hope to safeguard its future?Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?Like to enjoy peaceful，informal recreation within the Park?Aims The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy.We are a vol

5、untary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides. We keep an eye on planning applications，Park Authority

6、policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes.We work with likeminded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective. We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and pro

7、jects in local schools.BenefitsGuided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.All members receive our regular News and Views.Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.A discount is available on Friends items for sale.Satisfaction of participation

8、 in work parties, for those willing and able to be involved. If interested，please complete the Application Form at .uk. 60. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? A. To build massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible damages to the Nationa

9、l Park. C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools. 思路點撥：應用文，以海報形式呈現(xiàn)，內(nèi)容：關于國家公園的介紹以及征募會員介紹。 60. A推理題。要注意問題是discouraged by， 通過文章第三大標題Activities第二段第一句We keep an eye on planning applicationssuch as massive leisure complexes.可以推斷出選A是

10、Friends organization所不支持的，為正確選項。 高考閱讀測試中有些是考查學生對文章作者的主導思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解題。做這一類題時一定注意： (1)由表及里地準確把握字里行間的意思，不能主觀臆斷，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。 (2)特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情、態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (3)能結合自己平時積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風俗習慣等背景知識來識別評價。人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點判斷題例：例：(2011江蘇卷A篇)W

11、e know the famous ones the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)? Shouldnt we know who they are? Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Moun

12、tain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”， however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers

13、 to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.” Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper

14、s invention，” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Ma

15、ry Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering w

16、hy there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作桿)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshi

17、eld wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and

18、eyeglasses? 56. By mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”， the author indicates that countless inventions are _. A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famous C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, tho

19、ugh their inventors are famous 【思路點撥】生活中離不開小發(fā)明，鼓勵年輕人要善于把握發(fā)明的契機，推動社會的進步。 56. B觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段but 處：but what about the less famous inventors? What about windshield wiper？可以得出結論。這些人的發(fā)明不是很有名，確實是非常有用的。答案為B。 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能的結局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行預測推理。做這類題時應把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關系、對比關系來敘述)，要把握

20、句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構。摸準邏輯發(fā)展的方向，從而作出比較科學的、合情合理的預測。文章思路、結構、寫作意圖及寫作方法等推測提 有時題目要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測作者的寫作意圖、短文組織結構及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。這種題型要求同學們不但能理解文章的內(nèi)容，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的寫作方法及文章結構進行歸納總結和分析的能力。例：例：(2011四川卷D篇)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a partic

21、ularly good teacher. ” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of managem

22、ent) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning: “Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained.” The p

23、roblem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications(復雜化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book，for example，he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effe

24、ctive way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精確的)reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. ” Besid

25、es being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning

26、from experience in work and life. 55What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Experience makes stories more accurate. BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth. CThe use of stories is the best way of experiential learning. DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately

27、 described. 56Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book. BTo describe a researcher. CTo explain experiential learning. DTo discuss organizational decision making. 【思路點撥】本文主要介紹了組織決策理論大師詹姆斯馬奇的一部新書。 55. B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lost part of the c

28、omplicated truth of things. 可知有趣的故事無法完全地展現(xiàn)事實，故B項正確。 56. A作者意圖題。文章主要介紹了詹姆斯馬奇的一部新書，故選A。 有時，閱讀理解題還要求考生推斷所讀材料的來源或所讀材料的讀者對象。判斷材料的來源主要根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材。一般來說，廣告類，時事新聞類，娛樂新聞類，影評，應用文類通常出現(xiàn)在報紙、雜志、海報上。說明文通常出現(xiàn)在教科書或?qū)嵱眉夹g手冊里面。判斷讀者對象主要通過尋找關鍵的信息詞。來源、讀者對象推測題例：例：(2011四川卷B篇)Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or

29、 garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week. Put an advertisement(廣告)for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租)a room Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thanks to the governmentbacked “rent

30、 a room” program, you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare of Roommateeasy. Make money during special events Dont want a fulltime lodger? Then rent on a shortterm basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space. Live on set Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds o