福建省暴雨徑流查算圖表推理公式法

1、省推理公式計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪水手冊(cè)一、基本公式：推理公式是無(wú)資料地區(qū)由暴雨推求洪水比較常用的方法，我省中小型水利工程設(shè)計(jì)洪水的計(jì)算也通常采用這種方法（一般在流域面積200km2以下采用）。它是假定匯流時(shí)間降雨強(qiáng)度是均勻，并將匯形面積曲線概化為矩形，導(dǎo)出如下計(jì)算公式：當(dāng)時(shí)，即全面匯流情況下，(1)當(dāng)時(shí)，即部分匯流情況下，.(2)式中：為地表凈峰流量(m3/s )，F(xiàn)為流域面積（km2），為成峰的產(chǎn)流面積（即與tc相應(yīng)的部份面積中最大的一塊，km2）；為流域匯流歷時(shí)（小時(shí)）；tc為地表產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)（小時(shí)）；為匯流歷時(shí)的最表凈雨量（毫米）；為產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)的地表凈雨量（毫米）；0.278為換算系數(shù)。二、設(shè)計(jì)暴雨的計(jì)算

2、1、查圖法計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)暴雨（1）查算設(shè)計(jì)流域各種歷時(shí)的暴雨參數(shù)：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)流域所在地點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用年最大各種歷時(shí)的降雨量均值等值線圖和變差系數(shù)等值線圖，按地理插法讀取流域中心點(diǎn)的暴雨參數(shù)值，如果流域有兩條以上等值線通過(guò)，可按面積加權(quán)法計(jì)算。（2）計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)頻率的各種歷時(shí)降雨量：根據(jù)上步查算的各種歷時(shí)降雨量的變差系數(shù)Cv值，從皮爾遜型曲線的模比系數(shù)KP值表中（Cs/Cv=3.5）分別讀取設(shè)計(jì)頻率P的KP值，乘以相應(yīng)的歷時(shí)降雨量均值即得。（3）計(jì)算各種歷時(shí)的面雨量：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)流域的面積和降雨歷時(shí)，查讀暴雨點(diǎn)面關(guān)系表（附表1），得暴雨點(diǎn)面折算系數(shù)，乘以相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)雨量即得（流域面積在10km2以下直接采用點(diǎn)雨量，不打折

3、扣）。（4）推求設(shè)計(jì)雨量的時(shí)程分配：把上面所求的設(shè)計(jì)降雨量代入24小時(shí)（或三天）的設(shè)計(jì)雨型表（附表3），即得設(shè)計(jì)雨量的時(shí)程分配。（5）設(shè)計(jì)凈雨的計(jì)算：24小時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)雨量不扣損，直接用設(shè)計(jì)雨量過(guò)程作為設(shè)計(jì)凈雨過(guò)程。2、參證站法計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)暴雨（1）選擇在設(shè)計(jì)流域或附近有實(shí)測(cè)短歷時(shí)暴雨的雨量站為參證站，根據(jù)參證站實(shí)測(cè)各短歷時(shí)（1小時(shí)、3小時(shí)、6小時(shí)、24小時(shí)）的暴雨資料，用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算其頻率，皮爾遜型曲線適線，計(jì)算各短歷時(shí)暴雨設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，得到各頻率的設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量。（2）設(shè)計(jì)流域的點(diǎn)、面雨量換算：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)流域的面積和設(shè)計(jì)暴雨歷時(shí)，查讀暴雨點(diǎn)面關(guān)系表（附表1），得暴雨點(diǎn)面折算系數(shù)。用折算系數(shù)乘以參證站相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)

4、雨量，即得設(shè)計(jì)流域的面雨量（流域面積在10km2以下直接采用點(diǎn)雨量，不打折扣）。（3）推求設(shè)計(jì)雨量的時(shí)程分配：把上面所求的設(shè)計(jì)降雨量代入24小時(shí)（或三天）的設(shè)計(jì)雨型表（附表3），即得設(shè)計(jì)雨量的時(shí)程分配。（4）設(shè)計(jì)凈雨的計(jì)算：24小時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)雨量不扣損，直接用設(shè)計(jì)雨量過(guò)程作為設(shè)計(jì)凈雨過(guò)程。三、地理參數(shù)計(jì)算1、河長(zhǎng)L河長(zhǎng)L為流域的分水嶺至出口斷面的總長(zhǎng)度（單位：km），有多條支流時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇做為的支流量測(cè)其河長(zhǎng)。2、河道平均坡降J河道平均坡降J為自分水嶺至出口斷面的河道平均比降（單位：）。計(jì)算方法：用相應(yīng)比例的地圖（1：1萬(wàn)或1：5萬(wàn)）分別做出各等高線與河流的正交點(diǎn)位置，從出口斷面開(kāi)始，分別列出各正交

5、點(diǎn)的高程、，以與各正交點(diǎn)之間的距離、，然后用下列公式計(jì)算流域平均坡降J。四、雨力Sp與暴雨遞減系數(shù)的計(jì)算雨力Sp即為t=1小時(shí)的雨強(qiáng)，Sp=R24.p*24n-1。暴雨遞減系數(shù)分為、，其中為1小時(shí)以暴雨遞減系數(shù)，為124小時(shí)暴雨遞減系數(shù)。推理公式計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪水時(shí)所采用的為，即為124小時(shí)的暴雨遞減系數(shù)?？捎孟率接?jì)算，也可查等值線圖。式中：為參證點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)頻率的最大24小時(shí)降雨的雨強(qiáng)，即，。五、設(shè)計(jì)洪峰流量與洪水過(guò)程線計(jì)算：1、試算法計(jì)算地表洪峰流量計(jì)算公式 式中：為徑流系數(shù)； 為雨力； 為匯流時(shí)間。計(jì)算步驟：（1）匯流歷時(shí)的計(jì)算：（2）計(jì)算匯流參數(shù)m值：先確定流域所在的匯流分區(qū)，由設(shè)計(jì)流域的特征參數(shù)

6、F（km2）、L（km）、J（）計(jì)算，而后根據(jù)值與設(shè)計(jì)流域所在分區(qū)，用下式計(jì)算匯流參數(shù)m值：沿海 1.5時(shí)，；1.5時(shí)，陸 1.5時(shí)，；時(shí)，則取=，=-式中：為時(shí)段凈雨；為總凈雨；為穩(wěn)定下滲率；t為凈雨時(shí)段數(shù)（2）計(jì)算地表和地下設(shè)計(jì)洪量：分別由地表和地下凈雨求得。地表洪量W表=1000 (m3)地下洪量W下=1000 (m3)（3）計(jì)算地表洪水過(guò)程線：先計(jì)算地表洪水過(guò)程線的形狀系數(shù)，式中T是地表洪水過(guò)程線的底寬，24小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)雨量固定為50小時(shí)，3天設(shè)計(jì)雨量固定為80小時(shí)。然后根據(jù)值查t關(guān)系表(附表6)的漲水部份和退水部份各個(gè)時(shí)刻t所對(duì)應(yīng)的值，乘以地表洪峰流量Qm表即得。3、計(jì)算地下洪水過(guò)程線將

7、地下洪量W下按等腰三角形分配，其底寬是地表洪水過(guò)程線底寬的兩倍。地下洪峰流量計(jì)算公式：，式中T為50小時(shí)。地下洪峰流量出現(xiàn)在地表洪水過(guò)程線的50小時(shí)處，地下洪水過(guò)程線底寬是地表洪水過(guò)程線底寬的兩倍即為100小時(shí)。所以按等腰三角形進(jìn)行各時(shí)刻地下洪水流量分配，即可求得地下洪水過(guò)程線。4、計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)總洪水過(guò)程線根據(jù)前面求得地表和地下洪水過(guò)程線，將地下洪水過(guò)程線的置于地表洪水過(guò)程線的終止點(diǎn)，其起漲點(diǎn)和地表洪水過(guò)程線的起漲點(diǎn)重合，中間過(guò)程按直線插，然后把同時(shí)刻的流量疊加即得。23 / 23省暴雨點(diǎn)面關(guān)系表設(shè)計(jì)暴雨的關(guān)系表 附表1020406080100120140160180200220240300400

8、500700100011.0000.9450.9110.8840.8640.8470.8340.8230.8150.8070.8000.7950.7900.7760.7570.7410.7120.67331.0000.9600.9310.9100.8930.8790.8670.8580.8510.8450.8400.8350.8300.8170.7980.7820.7530.71361.0000.9770.9570.9420.9280.9170.9070.8990.8920.8860.8810.8750.8710.8580.8390.8230.7930.753121.000.0.9860.97

9、20.9610.9510.9430.9350.9280.9210.9150.9100.9050.9010.8890.8720.8580.8310.793241.0000.9910.9830.9750.9690.9640.9590.9530.9490.9440.9400.9360.9330.9230.9090.8950.8690.8333天1.0000.9950.9900.9850.9810.9770.9730.9700.9670.9650.9630.9600.9580.9500.9380.9270.9060.877省最大24小時(shí)降雨概化過(guò)程線附表2時(shí)間123456789101112 %3%R2

10、4-R63%R24-R63%R24-R63%R24-R64%R24-R64%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R67%R24-R6時(shí)間131415161718192021222324 %50%R3-R150%R3-R1100%R133%R6-R333%R6-R334%R6-R37%R24-R67%R24-R66%R24-R66%R24-R66%R24-R66%R24-R6省最大三天（包括最大24小時(shí)）設(shè)計(jì)雨型表附表3日程第一天第二天（最大24小時(shí)）第三天時(shí)段歷時(shí)（小時(shí)）66666621366666占 H1 %100占（H3-H1）%100占

11、（H6-H3）%100占（H24-H6）%204238占（H3天-H24）%01015202520100省次凈雨強(qiáng)度與穩(wěn)定入滲率相關(guān)表 附表4單位：毫米/小時(shí)0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.900.00.00.10.10.20.20.30.30.40.410.50.50.60.60.70.70.80.80.90.920.91.01.01.11.11.21.21.21.31.331.41.41.41.51.51.61.61.61.71.741.81.81.81.91.92.02.02.02.12.152.12.22.22.22.32.32.42.42.42.562.52

12、.52.62.62.62.72.72.72.82.872.82.92.92.93.03.03.03.13.13.183.23.23.23.33.33.33.43.43.43.493.53.53.53.63.63.63.73.73.73.8103.83.83.83.93.93.93.94.04.04.0114.14.14.14.14.24.24.24.24.34.3124.34.44.44.44.44.54.54.54.54.6134.64.64.64.74.74.74.74.84.84.8144.94.94.94.95.05.05.05.05.15.1155.15.15.25.25.25.25

13、.35.35.35.3165.45.45.45.45.55.55.55.55.65.6175.65.65.65.75.75.75.75.85.85.8185.85.95.95.95.96.06.06.06.06.1196.16.16.16.26.26.26.26.26.36.3206.36.36.46.46.46.46.56.56.56.5216.66.66.66.66.66.76.76.76.76.8226.86.86.86.86.96.96.96.97.07.0237.07.07.17.17.17.17.17.27.27.2247.27.37.37.37.37.37.47.47.47.42

14、57.57.57.57.57.57.67.67.67.67.6267.77.77.77.77.87.87.87.87.87.9277.97.97.97.98.08.08.08.08.08.1288.18.18.18.28.28.28.28.28.38.3298.38.38.38.48.48.48.48.48.58.5308.58.58.58.68.68.68.68.68.78.7318.78.78.78.88.88.88.88.88.98.9328.98.98.99.09.09.09.09.09.19.1339.19.19.19.19.29.29.29.29.29.3349.39.39.39.

15、39.49.49.49.49.49.4359.59.59.59.59.59.69.69.69.69.6369.69.79.79.79.79.79.79.89.89.8379.89.89.99.99.99.99.99.910.010.03810.010.010.010.010.110.110.110.110.110.13910.210.210.210.210.210.210.310.310.310.34010.310.310.410.410.410.410.410.410.410.54110.510.510.510.510.510.610.610.610.610.64210.610.710.71

16、0.710.710.710.710.710.810.84310.810.810.810.810.910.910.910.910.910.94410.911.011.011.011.011.011.011.011.111.14511.111.111.111.111.111.211.211.211.211.24611.211.211.211.311.311.311.311.311.311.34711.411.411.411.411.411.411.411.511.511.54811.511.511.511.511.511.611.611.611.611.64911.611.611.611.711.

17、711.711.711.711.711.75011.7 24小時(shí)暴雨洪水概化過(guò)程線系數(shù)表 附表50.050.060.070.080.090.100.110.120.130.140.150.16漲水部分000000000000030.50.70.91.11.41.72.02.32.73.03.33.661.52.02.53.23.94.55.25.86.57.38.18.871.92.63.34.14.85.66.47.28.08.99.710.582.43.34.15.05.96.87.78.69.510.511.412.493.04.05.06.06.98.09.010.111.112.21

18、3.314.4103.74.85.97.18.29.410.511.813.014.215.416.7114.55.87.18.49.611.012.413.715.116.618.019.5125.57.08.510.011.513.114.716.317.919.621.222.9136.98.810.612.314.116.017.819.621.423.225.026.91411.113.616.118.520.923.425.828.230.432.534.536.41520.624.528.432.235.939.543.146.449.752.855.959.015.538.54

19、4.049.655.160.465.269.372.875.577.980.382.5洪峰16100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0退水部分16.559.663.467.370.974.677.279.881.883.584.886.187.41737.042.347.452.257.160.964.367.269.771.873.975.61819.022.826.530.233.937.541.144.648.051.254.357.01910.614.117.520.924.327.731.034.137.

20、139.742.344.7206.89.812.915.818.821.824.727.430.132.534.837.2215.07.610.212.815.418.020.522.825.127.229.331.4223.96.28.510.712.915.217.519.621.723.725.727.7233.15.17.29.111.113.015.117.119.121.022.824.6242.54.25.97.69.411.112.914.716.418.219.921.6252.03.55.06.58.09.511.112.814.516.017.419.0261.73.04

21、.25.46.78.19.611.012.413.815.216.6300.81.21.62.02.42.93.44.25.16.27.38.4350.40.50.60.70.81.01.21.62.12.73.44.1400.20.20.30.40.50.60.80.91.11.31.61.9450.10.10.10.20.20.20.20.30.30.40.50.750000000000000 24小時(shí)暴雨洪水概化過(guò)程線系數(shù)表 附表5 0.170.180.190.200.210.220.230.240.250.26.0.270.28漲水部分000000000000034.04.44.85.

22、15.55.96.26.67.07.47.78.169.410.110.711.412.112.713.414.014.715.416.116.8711.312.112.913.714.415.216.016.717.518.319.119.9813.314.215.116.016.817.718.719.620.421.422.323.3915.416.517.518.619.620.721.722.823.824.925.926.91017.919.220.421.622.724.025.226.427.628.930.131.31120.922.323.625.026.327.729.1

23、30.531.833.234.536.01224.526.127.629.130.632.233.835.336.838.439.941.41328.630.332.033.835.637.439.241.042.744.546.348.01438.139.941.643.345.046.748.450.151.753.555.256.91562.165.168.070.873.576.078.580.782.884.686.488.015.584.586.488.189.791.292.493.594.595.596.196.797.3洪峰16100.0100.0100.0100.0100.

24、0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0退水部分16.588.589.690.591.392.293.093.994.795.596.296.997.51777.378.980.482.083.584.886.187.388.689.891.092.21859.762.064.366.368.270.171.973.875.777.579.381.11947.149.451.753.956.158.460.662.865.067.369.571.62039.541.743.946.048.150.352.554.656.658.760.863.02133.535

25、.637.639.641.643.645.647.649.551.553.655.82229.731.633.535.437.339.241.143.145.046.948.950.82326.428.230.031.833.535.337.138.840.542.444.346.22423.425.126.728.330.031.633.334.936.638.340.041.82520.622.223.825.326.828.329.931.433.034.636.237.72618.019.420.922.423.925.326.828.229.731.132.634.03019.510

26、.611.712.814.015.116.317.618.820.021.122.3354.95.76.57.48.39.210.010.911.912.813.714.7402.32.83.44.04.65.25.96.67.27.98.79.4450.91.11.41.72.02.42.73.03.43.74.14.450000000000000省三天暴雨洪水概化過(guò)程關(guān)系表 附表60.040.050.060.070.080.090.100.110.120.13漲水部份0000000000050.10.20.30.40.50.60.80.91.11.2100.30.50.70.91.21.5

27、1.82.12.42.7120.50.81.01.31.61.92.22.63.03.5140.71.01.31.72.02.42.73.23.74.3160.91.31.72.22.63.13.54.04.55.2181.21.72.22.83.33.94.55.15.76.4201.62.32.93.64.24.95.66.47.28.0222.12.93.74.55.36.27.08.09.09.9242.73.84.85.97.08.09.110.211.212.3253.14.45.66.88.09.210.311.412.513.7263.65.16.57.79.010.211.5

28、12.814.015.3274.25.87.38.810.211.713.114.616.017.4284.96.68.310.011.613.314.916.518.119.7295.87.79.511.313.215.117.018.820.622.5307.19.311.413.515.617.619.721.723.825.8319.211.914.516.919.321.724.126.428.730.93213.016.219.422.625.829.032.135.338.541.63323.027.932.937.742.547.151.756.060.364.533.542.

29、548.253.959.364.569.073.076.479.582.1洪峰34100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0退水部份34.555.661.566.971.274.977.880.382.484.586.33533.240.547.553.959.363.567.370.473.576.33618.222.827.431.736.140.344.648.953.257.13711.415.519.623.627.631.435.339.142.746.1388.712.215.719.122.525.829.232.435

30、.638.6397.010.113.216.219.222.125.127.930.833.5406.08.711.313.916.619.221.924.627.129.6415.27.59.812.114.416.919.421.824.126.4424.66.58.510.512.614.817.119.221.423.5434.15.77.49.211.113.015.016.918.920.9443.75.26.78.39.911.613.415.217.018.8453.34.76.07.48.910.512.113.715.417.1463.04.25.46.78.09.410.

31、912.413.815.4482.53.64.65.76.87.99.110.311.512.8502.13.03.94.85.86.87.88.99.911.0551.52.02.63.34.04.75.46.16.97.8601.01.41.82.22.73.23.84.45.05.6700.40.50.70.91.11.41.61.92.22.5800000000000省三天暴雨洪水概化過(guò)程關(guān)系表 附表60.140.150.160.170.180.190.200.210.220.23漲水部份0000000000051.51.71.92.12.42.62.93.23.53.8103.13.

32、54.04.44.95.56.06.57.17.7123.94.55.05.56.16.77.38.08.69.3144.85.46.16.77.48.18.99.610.311.1165.96.67.38.18.99.810.611.412.313.1187.28.08.99.810.611.612.513.414.315.2208.99.810.711.712.613.614.615.516.517.62210.911.913.014.115.116.217.318.419.520.62413.314.515.616.818.019.320.521.723.024.22514.816.11

33、7.318.519.721.122.323.725.026.32616.617.819.020.421.723.124.525.827.228.62718.820.221.623.024.425.827.228.529.931.12821.422.924.526.027.529.030.431.733.034.22924.426.127.929.531.132.734.235.737.138.33027.829.831.733.635.337.038.740.241.943.43133.135.537.840.142.444.746.949.151.153.23244.847.951.154.

34、357.560.763.866.869.772.73368.572.375.778.781.684.186.688.790.692.233.584.586.688.690.391.993.394.695.796.597.3洪峰34100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0退水部份34.587.989.390.892.093.294.395.396.497.498.43578.980.982.984.586.287.789.290.591.893.23660.764.167.169.772.174.576.778.981.183.0374

35、9.352.455.458.360.963.465.968.370.772.83841.544.246.849.552.154.757.359.962.364.63936.138.641.143.646.148.651.053.556.058.54032.134.536.939.341.744.046.348.750.953.14128.730.933.235.437.539.741.844.046.248.24225.727.729.931.934.036.038.140.242.344.34322.924.926.828.830.832.834.836.939.141.04420.622.

36、524.326.128.029.931.933.835.938.14518.820.522.224.025.827.629.331.133.135.24616.918.520.121.823.525.227.028.830.732.84814.115.617.118.620.221.823.525.126.728.45012.113.214.515.917.318.720.221.723.224.7558.79.610.411.412.413.314.315.316.417.5606.37.07.78.49.19.810.511.211.912.6702.73.03.33.63.94.24.5

37、4.95.25.6800000000000六、算例：在市龍文區(qū)境的九十九灣要修建排澇工程，控制流域面積F=100.5平方公里，主河道長(zhǎng)度L=21.0公里，主河道平均坡降J=0.8，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水（推理公式法），計(jì)算該流域二十年一遇24小時(shí)暴雨的設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線。（一）設(shè)計(jì)暴雨的計(jì)算：（雨量單位：mm）1、設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)雨量計(jì)算：因該流域無(wú)實(shí)測(cè)暴雨資料，選用流域附近的橋雨量站為參證站，計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)流域的設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)雨量。經(jīng)計(jì)算，橋雨量站=120.9 mm，CV=0.38，CS/CV=4.0。二十年一遇各歷時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量見(jiàn)下表：時(shí)段H24H6H3H1雨量210142116882、設(shè)計(jì)面雨量計(jì)算：根據(jù)二十年一遇

38、的各種歷時(shí)點(diǎn)雨量，查讀流域面積為100.5平方公里時(shí)各歷時(shí)的暴雨點(diǎn)面折算系數(shù)F ，計(jì)算相應(yīng)面雨量：計(jì)算表3（小時(shí)）13624F0.8470.8790.9170.964點(diǎn)雨量88116142210面雨量74.5102.0130.2202.43、計(jì)算24小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)雨量的時(shí)程分配：計(jì)算表4時(shí)程123456789101112雨量2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 時(shí)程131415161718192021222324雨量13.8 13.8 74.5 9.3 9.3 9.6 5.1 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4、計(jì)算二十年一遇的暴雨遞

39、減指數(shù)： =74.5-（202.4/24）/24 =0.69（二）、設(shè)計(jì)凈雨的計(jì)算：本次以24小時(shí)雨量計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪水，所以不扣損，上面所求的設(shè)計(jì)雨量過(guò)程就作為24小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)凈雨過(guò)程。三、用推理公式計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪水：由上述推求的設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程，列表進(jìn)行計(jì)算，其中雨量單位為mm，流量單位為m3/s。1、計(jì)算次凈雨平均強(qiáng)度=毫米/小時(shí)，查表得=3.3毫米/小時(shí)2、用值把Ri分割成R下i和R表i兩個(gè)部份，計(jì)算表5時(shí)段序數(shù)時(shí)段凈雨穩(wěn)定下滲率時(shí)段地下凈雨時(shí)段地表凈雨（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）12.23.32.20.0 22.23.32.20.0 32.23.32.20.0 42.23.32.20.0 52.93.32.90.0 62.93.32.90.0 75.13.33.31.8 85.13.33.31.8 95.13.33.31.8 105.13.33