露天礦邊坡開挖過程的變形特征的研究畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、Open pit excavation of the deformation characteristics of the process of researchMine slope stability problem is that our country since the 20th century, the most since the 70's features one of the engineering geological problems. Slope mines usually open in the complex geological environment an

2、d has a complex geological structure, it has become mine blasting excavation and slope control in a key engineering and technical problems. Unreasonable as a result of open pit mine design and management of imperfections caused by the movement of rock slope and destruction, a direct impact on mine p

3、roduction and security. According to statistics, have taken place and will be, possible collapse of the mine slope about 80% -90%, slope stability in geotechnical engineering research has become an increasingly important subject.Open-pit slope stability analysis is a complex issue of engineering mec

4、hanics, complex and changeable and its influencing factors, different mine has its own geological environment and the occurrence of different conditions, together with the open pit mine slope engineering of its own statute of limitations and deformable and dynamic characteristics of its slope is dif

5、ferent from the other slope geological engineering. Slope Stability Analysis of the areas where the need for mining of the actual geological conditions, in the production process has always been on the slope of the excavation by blasting keep a close eye on the impact of changes to study edge. Slope

6、 deformation and failure of rock, the more accurate to determine the damage caused by slope instability and deformation,Determine the model (type), as well as the foreseeable changes in the trend of development. Therefore better understanding of the open pit slope engineering geological conditions o

7、f the understanding, at the conclusion of the characteristics of open-pit slope slump damage on the basis of the study open-pit mine slope deformation mechanism of destruction slump, sought to undermine the open-pit slope instability dynamic evolution of quantitative, scientific forecasting methods,

8、 to the prediction of landslide hazard mines and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment. Important to ensure that open-pit slope stability, open pit mine is an important sustainable development and social significance of engineering significance.Slope deformation and failure charac

9、teristics and categorized as follows.Rock slope into the slope in its destruction of the original geological environment, the state of rock slope will make the appropriate adjustments. In the new re-distribution of stress conditions, the slope rock mass will have different degrees of deformation and

10、 destruction, above all, deformation, and then when the slope deformation develops to a certain extent, will be gradually developed into the unstable rock slope damage. Rock slope deformation in the rock slope of the body does not appear through the surface is characterized by the destruction, but i

11、n the rock slope of the local area, particularly in the rock slope may also appear near the degree of disruption and dislocation, but did not produce from the whole slide damage.Slope deformation in fact the process of its formation has occurred mainly in the initial deformation and creep for the lo

12、osening.(1) looseSlope of the initial stage of formation, the Department of rock slope table are often a series of parallel with the slope close to the steep inclination of open fissures, being such a fracture of the rock cutting overhead changed direction to release, move, make the original structu

13、re of relaxation, this process and the phenomenon is known as loose. Exist in the slope of this loose body fracture, which can be in focus on the role of stress and residual stress generated under the new, but mostly along the original fracture from steep dump, only a relatively open and no obvious

14、slip, open the extent and distribution of density for the depths of the slope decreased gradually. This loosening of fracture usually have different names,If the bank fissures, rebound fissures, fractures, such as unloading. Slope in a variety of loose fracture often, in practice there is loosening

15、of the development of the slope fracture site, known as the slope with loose, loose slope so the slope with lower body strength, but also make it easier for a variety of stress factors in depth slope, increase the slope of the various stress factors, the level of activity. It is a rock slope accumul

16、ation in vivo release of elastic strain energy generated is a slope of the unloading process and the phenomenon of resilience, but also 'is the slope deformation and failure of the initial performance. In this process also includes creep, but the deformation of rock with the constraint that part

17、 ofCan be finished and the end of the release. Theory Practice has proved that there is only loose form of slope deformation, the stress-strain relations are stable creep rupture stage or phase of deceleration. This guarantee will not increase the slope of stress and structural strength under the co

18、nditions of decline, the deformation will continue to develop the stability of the slope will not change.(2) peristalticRock slope to self-weight stress in the slope-based long-term effect of stress under the direction of the overhead of the slow and continuous deformation, known as the slope of the

19、 creep ', which contains some of the local deformation of the breakdown, and generate some new surface rupture of the surface, with the slope of the development of creep relaxation constant. Peristaltic mechanism for the formation of the tablets between rock and soil slide (plastic deformation)

20、or micro-cracks along the fault, or by a series of fissures in the rock due to expansion. Peristalsis in the long-term effects of stress, the rock a slow adjustment of the internal deformation, in fact, is one of rock tends to undermine evolution. Slope of shear stress than the long-term shear stren

21、gth of rock is low,Creep slope was slow; only when the shear stress values close to or above the long-term shear strength of rock, the slope was accelerated peristalsis until the damage. Therefore, the ultimate rock slope damage or to undergo a short-term or long period of gradual evolution. When th

22、e stress of rapid slope slope more than ultimate strength, the damage is sufficient to constitute the connecting surface, slope damage occurs rapidly, loosening and creep deformation of the time is very short; the other hand, if the slope is less than the body of stress and ultimate strength is grea

23、ter than long-term strength, the slope before the total destruction of a longer period of time to go through the process of relaxation and creep. In addition, the course shouldUndermine the power of a great influence on the slope. Such as when an earthquake, and the pore water pressure suddenly incr

24、eased when some of the original can not creep obvious signs of loosening and rapid destruction of the slope.Slope form of a lot of damage, such as collapse, landslide, landslide, dumping, such as spalling and collapse flexor, which is the slope failure and landslide damage to the main form. Varies f

25、rom sector to sector of the division, but can basically be classified into 3 broad categories:(1) failure: This is the destruction of the surface of rock slope stability in the results of the loss, expressed as the surface slope from the mother rock suddenly, and rapid accumulation of the whereabout

26、s of the slope angle, and sometimes accompanied by the rolling and broken rock.(2) dumping: This is because the slope of internal damage to the existence of a group of very steep angle of the structure of face, will be cut into many parallel slope of the block, but rise steeply near the surface of t

27、he block slowly bending slope and collapse.(3) Landslide: The damage is in the larger framework of a particular slope along the sliding surface of the slip occurred. The form of landslides, are generally surrounded by the delineation of fracture, sliding surface for the plane or surface, often slipp

28、ery slide body level, after the landslide may have wall, sliding axial movement in the slip direction of the greatest speed.Landslide slope instability which is the main form of damage, and its most devastating.Slope stability effects of the main factors are: the structure of the discontinuity surfa

29、ce, groundwater, lithology, weathering and erosion, climatic conditions, the time factor and the gradual destruction of the role and structure of residual stress and disturbance factors.露天礦邊坡開挖過程的變形特征的研究礦山邊坡穩(wěn)定問題是我國自20世紀(jì)70年代至今最具特色的工程地質(zhì)問題之一。露天礦邊坡通常處于復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)環(huán)境并具有復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此成為礦山爆破開挖及邊坡防治中一個關(guān)鍵性的工程技術(shù)難題。露天礦山由

30、于設(shè)計不合理和管理不完善造成邊坡巖體的移動和破壞，直接影響到礦山的生產(chǎn)與安全。據(jù)有關(guān)部門的統(tǒng)計，已發(fā)生和將要、可能發(fā)生邊坡滑塌的礦山約占80 %-90%，邊坡穩(wěn)定性研究成為巖土工程中日益重要的課題之一。 露天礦邊坡穩(wěn)定性分析是一個復(fù)雜的工程力學(xué)問題，其影響因素復(fù)雜多變，不同的礦山都有其自身的地質(zhì)環(huán)境和不同的賦存條件，再加上露天礦山邊坡工程自身的時效性、可變形性和動態(tài)的特點，使其有別于其他邊坡地質(zhì)工程邊坡。邊坡的穩(wěn)定性分析需要針對礦山所在區(qū)域的實際地質(zhì)情況，在生產(chǎn)的過程始終對邊坡受爆破開挖的影響變化給予密切關(guān)注，研究邊.坡巖體的變形和破壞情況，較為準(zhǔn)確的判斷引起邊坡失穩(wěn)的破壞和變形，判定出模型(

31、式)以及預(yù)見發(fā)展的變化趨勢。因此加深對露天礦邊坡的工程地質(zhì)條件的認(rèn)識，在總結(jié)露天礦邊坡滑塌破壞特征的基礎(chǔ)上，研究露天礦邊坡變形滑塌破壞的力學(xué)機(jī)理，尋求對露天礦邊坡破壞失穩(wěn)動態(tài)演變過程進(jìn)行定量的、科學(xué)的預(yù)測預(yù)報方法，給礦山滑坡災(zāi)害的預(yù)報防治提供理論依據(jù)。對于保證露天礦邊坡的穩(wěn)定、露天礦山可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的工程意義和社會意義。邊坡變形破壞的特征及分類如下 巖質(zhì)邊坡成坡后，在其原始地質(zhì)環(huán)境受到破壞后，邊坡巖體狀態(tài)便做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。在新的應(yīng)力重分布條件下，邊坡巖體將產(chǎn)生不同程度的變形與破壞，首先是變形，然后當(dāng)邊坡變形發(fā)展到一定的程度，將逐步發(fā)展為邊坡巖體的失穩(wěn)破壞。巖質(zhì)邊坡的變形以邊坡巖體內(nèi)未出現(xiàn)貫

32、通性的破壞面為特點，但在邊坡巖體的局部區(qū)域，特別在邊坡巖體附近也可能出現(xiàn)一定程度的破裂和錯動，但從整體而言并未產(chǎn)生滑動破壞。邊坡變形實際上在其形成過程中己發(fā)生，在變形初期主要表現(xiàn)為松動和蠕變。（1）松動 邊坡形成的初始階段，邊坡巖體表部往往出現(xiàn)一系列與坡面近于平行的陡傾角張開裂隙，被這種裂隙切割的巖體變向臨空方向松開，移動，使原有結(jié)構(gòu)松弛，這種過程和現(xiàn)象稱為松動。存在于坡體內(nèi)的這種松動裂隙，可以是在集中應(yīng)力和剩余應(yīng)力作用下新產(chǎn)生的，但大多是沿原有的陡傾裂隙發(fā)育而成，僅有張開而無明顯的相對滑移，張開程度及分布密度由坡面向深處而逐漸減小。這種松動裂隙通常有不同的名稱，如岸坡裂隙、回彈裂隙、卸荷裂隙等。邊坡中常有各種松動裂隙，實踐中把發(fā)育有松動裂隙的坡體部位，稱為邊坡松動帶，邊坡松