Grammar直間接引語(yǔ)

1、 Direct & Indirect Speech statements and questionsI am a beautiful girl.She said that she was a beautiful girl.What did the girl say?陳述句陳述句用連詞用連詞that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的said, 也可用也可用told來代替，注意，可以說來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可，不可直接說直接說told

2、that間接引語(yǔ)用連詞間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或或if引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為要改為asked (me/him/us等等)，語(yǔ)序是陳述，語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序。句的語(yǔ)序。一般疑問句一般疑問句Tod said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.原來的疑問詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask (sb. )來表達(dá)，來表達(dá)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序特殊疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句選擇疑問句用用whe

3、theror表達(dá)，而不用表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也，也不用不用eitheror 1.祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)采用采用 “動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前面加使句是否定式，在不定式前面加not。 祈使句祈使句不定式不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.that/what/how引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)從句He said that he was v

4、ery happy.He said how happy he was.例例如：如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）。動(dòng)名詞（或從句）?！比朔Q的變化規(guī)律人稱的變化規(guī)律She said that she liked tennis.She said,“ I l

5、ike tennis.”結(jié)論結(jié)論1 1：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱第一人稱時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)后時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱 保持一致保持一致。 一隨主一隨主 結(jié)論結(jié)論2 2：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為第二人稱第二人稱時(shí)，時(shí)，變間變間接接引引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)后后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱 保持一致保持一致。 二隨賓二隨賓 He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.結(jié)論結(jié)論3 3：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱第三人稱時(shí)

6、，時(shí)，變間變間接接引引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)后后人稱不變?nèi)朔Q不變。 三不變?nèi)蛔?She said to me , “ They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“I know it,” he said.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)He said that he knew it. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)“Im making coffee

7、 for you all,” she said.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)She said she was making coffee for us all. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“I have seen her before,” said he. 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said he had seen her before. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He said he had been doing it for hours. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)“I saw her last

8、Monday,” he said.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 過去完成進(jìn)行過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)She said she had been waiting for Jim.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Jack asked if I knew Rick had be

9、en ill in bed for many days till he died. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)He said they would start the next day.thatthosethenbefore/earlierthat daythe next/following day指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 和動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律和動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律in two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforego

10、takethere被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sun.The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 5.直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過去某年、某月、直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引

11、語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不時(shí)態(tài)不變。變。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.6. 若直接引語(yǔ)中含有若直接引語(yǔ)中含有when, since, while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,變變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old