Grammar主謂一致

1、Word-formationReviewed some words in the text.Verb Noun achievebehaviourobservation specializeadvertisementbehaveachievementspecialistadvertiseobserveinspireVerb Noun connectorganize inspiration argumentpermitarguepermissionorganizationconnectionUseful structures語法詳解：語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之所謂主謂一致是指主語

2、和謂語動(dòng)詞之間間, ,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNei

3、ther Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and I _both stud

4、ents of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。語法一致原則語法一致原則(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同同一個(gè)人或物一個(gè)人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 謂語要用謂語要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife

5、and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2. 如果主語是不定式如果主語是不定式, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語形式或主語從句的時(shí)候從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起來很重要。他正在做的事情看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。收集郵票是他的愛好。3. 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)

6、保持一致。稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用主語連用,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：而變化。例如：The teacher(主語主語), together with his stude

7、nts, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。1. either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在語的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。就近原則就近原則Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not on

8、ly the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 概念一致原則概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù)是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。是單數(shù)。1. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而

9、定。謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。 are isNone of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。沒有學(xué)生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; major

10、ity of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語謂語動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。后面的名詞保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男

11、生.haveisare3. 集合名詞作主語集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí)員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥Ｋ麄內(nèi)乙獬?。His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅?/p>

12、好者。集合名詞作主語集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。is are 4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等,形形式上是單數(shù)式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動(dòng)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指指“民

13、族民族”時(shí)是時(shí)是例外。例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is fo

14、und in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。在屋子里什么也沒找到。6. 某些名詞如某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但但當(dāng)它們被當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如用單數(shù)。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。7. 某些名詞以某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語

15、動(dòng)詞等，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短在以上短 語中語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語整個(gè)短語 在句中作主語時(shí)在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class i

16、s diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。聽不到任何聲音。9. 以以a number of 作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù); 以以the number of 作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí), 謂語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主作主語的時(shí)候語

17、的時(shí)候, 其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。11. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看

18、到了。許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常用謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù)其謂語用單數(shù); 短語短語this all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題:

19、 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.注意注意:a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí)其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修

20、飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短其短語作主語時(shí)語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短語短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為意為 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意為意為“少少量量”。 6. 如果主語由如果主語由“the + 形容詞形容詞(或過去分詞或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blin

21、d, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也有少但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指個(gè)別數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指個(gè)別,則則用單數(shù)。例如：用單數(shù)。例如：The blind study in special school.The departed(死者死者)was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就就要與名詞要與名詞m

22、an, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.高考鏈接高考鏈接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; haveB精析精析：a large number of 后面要接復(fù)數(shù)后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以名詞，所以A

23、不能作為答案。因不能作為答案。因?yàn)闉閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填是單數(shù)，所以要填 has。這句話的意思是這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地地”答案答案 B2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC精析精析: 分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)分母用序數(shù)詞表示詞表示.如果分子大于如

24、果分子大于1, 分母序數(shù)分母序數(shù)詞后加詞后加-s. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞數(shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語句子中的主語 land是單數(shù)是單數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用is covered. 答案答案C.3. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million

25、A精析精析: 在在million前如果有具體的數(shù)字或前如果有具體的數(shù)字或 several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。 many一般不與一般不與 million等詞連用等詞連用. 表示表示“數(shù)百萬數(shù)百萬”，英語為，英語為 millions of。這句話的意思是。這句話的意思是“每每天，世界上有幾十萬人通過天，世界上有幾十萬人通過 e-mail傳遞信息。傳遞信息?！贝鸢复鸢?A。4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (浙江浙江2007)A

26、. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 “when and where (to do sth. 或或+從從句句)”作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。由題意作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。由題意可知要用被動(dòng)，又由可知要用被動(dòng)，又由yet可知要用完成時(shí)可知要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。態(tài)。A5. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(遼

27、寧遼寧2006)A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 句子主語要和句子主語要和as well as 前面的成前面的成分分the father保持一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用保持一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，又由單數(shù)，又由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?？芍獞?yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。C6. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海上海2002春春) A. is B. are C. have be

28、en D. has beenD7. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000) A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areC分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞名詞作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致。謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，依照意義單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：詞有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手方法、手段段),works(工廠工廠),species(種類種類)8. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day