中考英語(yǔ)主謂一致全面總結(jié)

1、Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement (主謂一致)主謂一致指“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則 如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式；如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg. Both parties _their own advantages. Her job _something to do with computers. 2. 意義一致原則 有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義，而不是語(yǔ)法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，這樣的一致關(guān)系就是意義一致。 His family _(be) a big family. His family _(be

2、) listening to music when he came back.The population in China _ (be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _(be) farmers. 3. 就近原則 有時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。 e.g. Either my grandsons or their father_ (be) coming. Neither Richard nor I _(be) going. （1） 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 The teachers are respecte

3、d in the world. 1）主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞The police are looking for the missing child.The cattle are kept in his farm.2) 當(dāng)people , police, cattle 等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，形式上為單數(shù)而意義卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.3）山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。

4、 The rich are not always happy.Generally speaking ,the young are eager for success.4）the+adj. 表示一類人 或物做主語(yǔ)時(shí) 如 blind,deaf, living,dead, the+ wounded, poor, rich old, young 等但指?jìng)€(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The unknown is always something to be feared.The beautiful is always loved by people.The Whites are going to

5、 make a trip to London.The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out. 5) the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人（二）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)的情況1）可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 The advice is practical.2）表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、長(zhǎng)度、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。 Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞 形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Looking after the children is

6、 my full time job.To die for the people is a worthy death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.Whatever was left was taken away.4) 以-S 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)。如表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語(yǔ),(news, physics, maths，politics)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The United states is made up of 50 states.The Times is a newspaper for the

7、British governmentGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 5) clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無(wú)生命的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 6） each neither +of + the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞 EitherEach of us _ a dictionary.Either of the books

8、 on the table _to me.Neither of them _fit for the job.7) many a / each / every either / neither +單數(shù)名詞more than oneMany a student _the film.Neither story _true.More than one student has seen the film.More students than one have seen the film.注意：當(dāng)each放在主語(yǔ)后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不決定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)。They each have a dictionary.=Ea

9、ch of them has a dictionary.8) every every each +名詞單數(shù)and+ each + 名詞單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) no no 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) many a many aEvery desk and every chair _ made of wood. Many a boy and many a girl _made the same mistake.9）由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Nobody _to go there. Something _been done to

10、end the strike.（3） 其它情況1） 用and或bothand連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，指同一個(gè)人或事或整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（如果是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)這時(shí)and后面的名詞一般沒(méi)有冠詞）。用is/are填空： English and Chinese quite different languages. Water and air both important. A young man and a girl to go there. The singer and the writer famous to many young pe

11、opleThe manager and secretary as busy as a bee all dayThe singer and writer famous to everyone. War and peace （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平） a constant theme in history.A knife and fork（ 刀叉） needed for a western meal.Bread and butter(黃油面包) served for breakfast.Early to bed and early to rise _（早睡早起） a good habit.常用的一些表示整體概

12、念的詞iron and steel 鋼鐵law and order 治安a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 A needle and thread 針線a coat and tie 配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣2） 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(種類),works(工廠), Chinese, Japanese等。選擇填空 has/haveEvery means _been tried out without much result.All m

13、eans _ been tried out without much result. was/wereThis shoe works _ set up in 1980.  Those shoe works _all set up in 1980.  3) 表示成雙成套的名詞，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Chopsticks mainly are use

14、d in China.但如與a kind of, a pair of, the pair of,a series of 連用，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：This kind of books _useful. = Books of this kind _useful. 4) 某些集體名詞（如 family, team 等）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。類似動(dòng)詞還有： class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等。5) 就近

15、原則下列連詞連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，及there be句型有多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 A or B either A or B neither A nor B 動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致 not only A but also B there be A, B and C not A but B 1）Either the girl or the boy _ in Canada.( is /are ) 2）Neither he nor I _ the answer.(knows /know) 3）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of havi

16、ng one examination after another. 4) You ,he or I right. 5)_either he or you right? (be)(注意就近原則在疑問(wèn)中的使用)6）You or he _ to blame_ you or he to blame? Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is7)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting. (NMET 1994 ) A. is handing out B. are

17、 to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 6)就前原則當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as,no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。1)The teacher , with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when

18、the earthquake struck. (NMET2004 北京卷) A. was B . were C. had been D. would be 2）Nobody but John and Helen absent. I, rather than you， responsible for the accident.7) a number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 the number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) The number of the people invited _ fifty , but a number of them _ absent

19、for different reasons. A. were, was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were8) a large quantity/amount of +n 謂語(yǔ)由of后的名詞單復(fù)形式?jīng)Q定 large quantities/amounts of +n (可數(shù)/不可數(shù)) 謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù) A large quantity of people_ needed here. A large quantity of water _ needed here. Large quantities of food_ gone bad.9）關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句謂

20、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于其先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 He is one of the few persons who _a good knowledge of Italian.當(dāng)one之前有the only修飾時(shí)，one是who 的先行詞，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。He is the only one of the boys who _ given a prize.10)倒裝句中，必須認(rèn)準(zhǔn)哪是主語(yǔ)。如：1)Between the two buildings (stand) a monument.2)On the ship _(be) over 2,200 people. 3)More than 1,500 peo

21、ple lost their lives. Among those_ (be) the young woman.11)such, the same起指示代詞作用，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容 來(lái)確定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Such _ our plan.        Such _ my hopes.   12)all 做主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若表物，謂動(dòng)則用單數(shù)。 All _well that ends well. All _ eager to reach an agreement.13) part of

22、/ half of / percent of / one third of + 名詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與of 后面的名詞保持一致。One third of the land is sold by the government.常用的一些表示整體概念的詞iron and steel 鋼鐵law and order 治安a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 A needle and thread 針線a coat and tie 配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣Exercises 1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident. A. am   

23、;B. be     C. is    D. are 2. Each man and woman _ the same rights. A. has    B. have    C. had    D. is having 3. Every means _ tried but without much result. A. has been    B. have been  &

24、#160; C. are    D. is4. There _ in this room. A. are too much furniture    B. is too many furnitures C. are too much furnitures   D. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go. A. were    B. are  &#

25、160; C. was    D. be6.  Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball. A. am    B. is    C. are    D. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. A. is     B. are    C. has

26、0;   D. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. A. attends    B. attend    C. are attending   D. have attended 9.  _ was wrong. A. Not the teacher but the students   B. Both the students and the teacher C. Neith

27、er the teacher nor the students    D. Not the students but the teacher 10.  “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”  “I suppose so.” A. Will be  B. Is   C. Are  D. Were 11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. A. are   B. has&#

28、160;  C. is   D. were 12. Most of his savings(存款） _ in the Xin Hua Bank. A. has been kept    B. is being kept    C. have kept     D. have been kept 13. All that can be done _. A. has done    B. has been done

29、60;   C. have done    D. have been done 14. One or perhaps more pages _. A. is missing    B. has been missed    C. are missing    D. was missing 15. More than one worker _ dismissed. A. have been    

30、B. are    C. has been    D. has 16. Whiskey and soda _  his favorite drink. A. is    B. are    C. were    D. have been 17. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language. A. have realized &

31、#160;  B. has realize    C. have been realized    D. has been realized 18. The gas works _ near the city. A. is    B. are    C. were    D. be 19. The surroundings（環(huán)境） of his house _ clean now. A. is   

32、; B. are    C. was    D. were20. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours. A. has argued    B. has been arguing    C. have argued    D. have been arguing21. The public _ generous in their contributions

33、to the earthquake victims. A. is   B. was   C. are   D. has been22. Cattle _ on the hillside. A. grazes    B. is grazing    C. was grazing    D. were grazing23. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.

34、A. is    B. are   C. was   D. has been24. Measles(麻疹） _ a kind of infectious illness. A. is    B. are   C. were    D. have been 25. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.    A. lies&#

35、160;   B. lie    C. lay    D. lays 26. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. A. is    B. am    C. are    D. was27. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted. A. is going   

36、; B. are going    C. has been going    D. have been going28. What caused the accident _ on the road. A. were stone    B. were stones    C. was stone    D. was stones29. _ is to attend our evening. A. both the singer and

37、the dancer    B. Either the singer or dancers C. The singer or dancers           D. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came. A. had     B. has been having    C. are having    D. were having 31. No one except two students _ the meeting. A. has been late for    B. have been late for    C. was late for    D. were later for32. All but him and me _to the exhibition. A. am