初一下英語語法總結(jié)

1、初一下英語語法總結(jié)一：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。             2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。             3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.

2、地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它（be動詞后+not）如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。（be動詞放句首

3、）如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where   is my bike?（疑問詞） （一般疑問句）2.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often pla

4、y football?                                                &

5、#160;        - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?                           &

6、#160;             - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”

7、結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_    carry _come_   watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_  teach_二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.     3. We _(not watch) TV on

8、Monday.      4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday       .5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?   6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I

9、 _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.   11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.            13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework wel

10、l.  15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.    17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.  What day _(be) it today?    I

11、ts Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photo

12、s in the park.(對劃線部分提問)_8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)_五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is  your brother speak English?      _2. Does he likes going fishing?    

13、      _3. He likes play games after class.      _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.             _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.   否定

14、句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（ing形式）：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_  write

15、_  ski_ read_ have_ sing  _ dance_put_ see_buy_love_live_take_come_  get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空，并劃出句中的時(shí)間狀語：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food  now.4. What _ you _

16、( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.  9. Its  5  oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes

17、,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_三、一般將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)（一）、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)  間狀語：tomorr

18、ow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 （二）、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；will+ do. （三）、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.（四）、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：We

19、 are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?（五）、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時(shí)的對劃線部分有三種情況。1. 問人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this      after

20、noon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 問什么時(shí)候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going    to bed?（六）同義句be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 1.  我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my

21、 friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.  下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3.  你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)

22、候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6.  Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7.  Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（

23、改一般疑問句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.  She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。劃出句中表示時(shí)間的短語。11.&#

24、160;Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _(watch) TV and      _(c

25、atch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch)    TV and _ (catch) insects.16.  What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17.  Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorr

26、ow.18.  Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19.  David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20.  I _ (plan) for my study now四、一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。2Be動詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣e

27、re。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子，要借助動詞did   否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？      

28、;      如： What did  Jim  do yesterday?疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動詞過去式？               如： Who   went to home yesterday?動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一

29、個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動詞過去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-

30、drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat過去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do  _Be動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、  用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.   &

31、#160;             2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.          4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _eleven years old last year. 

32、0;   6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3.

33、 They were in his pocket.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_Be動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.               2.  She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.  

34、; 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.       6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day

35、. All the students _ very excited.行為動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the

36、 classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. Nancy went to school early.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. We sang some English s

37、ongs.  否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_行為動詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）Name _    No. _ Date _一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，劃出句中表示時(shí)間的短語。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _

38、he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)（1）一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，劃出句中表示時(shí)間的短語。1. It _ (be) Bens birthday las

39、t Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (s

40、weep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)（2）一、 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并劃出句中的時(shí)間狀語。1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont _ the hous

41、e. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.9. T

42、he students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)五形容詞，副詞的比較級：表示“比更”（-er）（一）：一般直接在單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞尾+     ；tall     Long     (二)：以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞詞尾直接+_;nice_ wide_ (三)：“以_ +_結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)

43、雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞先_變_,再加_。busy_   early_   easy_  busy_(四)：以_音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母(輔元輔)的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形詞，副詞，要_最后一個(gè)輔音，再+_。big_  hot_ red_  thin_(五)：多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形同此，副詞，一般在此類詞前面+_構(gòu)成最高級形式。interesting_ relaxing_ exciting_  carefully_注意：（1）比較級的句子中最常見的一個(gè)詞than比。   （2）比較級常用于兩者的比

44、較。六：形容詞，副詞的最高級：表示“最”（-est）(一)：一般直接在單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞尾+               ；tall          Long         Old        

45、0;Low      (二)：以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞詞尾直接+_;nice_   wide_   large_  fine_(三)：“以_ +_結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，副詞先_變_,再加_。busy_   early_   easy_  busy_(四)：以_音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母(輔元輔)的單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形容詞，副詞，要_最后一個(gè)輔音，再+_。big_  hot_  

46、0;  red_        thin_(五)：多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形同此，副詞，一般在此類詞前面+_構(gòu)成最高級形式。interesting_   _   relaxing_  _   exciting_   carefully_  六：不規(guī)則變化。good/wellbetter-best   bad/badly- worse-worst    

47、  many/much-more-most好的   更好的  最好的    壞的  更壞的   最壞的      許多的    更多的 最多的(原級) (比較級) (最高級)  (原級) (比較級)  (最高級)      (原級)   (比較級)  (最高級)far-farther-farthest 

48、60;        little/few-less-least遠(yuǎn)的  更遠(yuǎn)的  最遠(yuǎn)的        少的    更少的  最少的(原級) (比較級) (最高級)      (原級)    (比較級)  (最高級)注意：（1）一般形容詞的最高級前面會有the，而副詞的最高級前面一般不會+the。（2）含有最

49、高級句子中常?？梢钥吹給f，in，one of 之類表示范圍的詞。（3）最高級通常是三者以上的比較。在解題時(shí)，我們只有充分理解了句子的意思才能很好的選擇使用比較級和最高級三、練習(xí)一)、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級  old_ _   young_ _   tall_  _ long_  _   short_ _   strong_ _   big_ _   small_ _  fat_ _

50、    thin_ _   heavy_ _  light_ _ nice_ _   good_ _   beautiful_ _  low_ _   high_ _   slow_ _   fast_ _  late_ _   early_ _   far_ _   well_ _二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My

51、brother is two years _(old)than me.        2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump)

52、_ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the b

53、oys? No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三)、翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀(jì)大？是你。_ is _than Jim？  _ are2、誰比David更強(qiáng)壯？是Gao Shan._  _ than David?  Gao Shan  _.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？  我的弟弟的。_apples  _  _,your _ or your _?My _