英語被動語態(tài)講解(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例all the preparations for the task havebeen completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/

2、is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時例a new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過去時例i was given ten minutes to decide whether ishould reject the offer.5） had been done 過去完成時例 by the end of last year, another newgymnasium had been completed in beijing.6） was/were being done 過去進行時例a meeting was being held

3、 when i was there.7） shall/will be done be going to be done be about to be done/ be to be done一般將來時例hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factorycloses.8） shouldwould be done waswere going to be done waswere about to be done2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例the baby shou

4、ld be taken good care ofby the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 例his mother gave him a present for hisbirthday. 可改為 he was given a presentby his mother for his birthday.3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例someone caught the boy smokin

5、g aciggarette.    可改為the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make,let以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding.  可改為a stranger was seen to walkinto the building.5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞

6、組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例the meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例i don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 it is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think

7、等可以用于句型“itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：it is said that 據(jù)說,it is reported that據(jù)報道，it is believed that大家相信，it ishoped that大家希望，it is well knownthat眾所周知，it is thought that大家認為，it is suggested that據(jù)建議。例it is said that the boy has passed thenational exam.（the boy is said to have passed thenationa

8、l exam. ）三、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例the glass is broken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the glass was broken by the boy （被動語態(tài)）2如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例the door is locked （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the door has already/just been locked（被動語態(tài)

9、）3被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例 the machine is being repaired被動語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)練習選擇題1.our house_,     a . is getting paintb . is getting painted c . is got paintedd . has got to paint2.he arrived in beijing, where he_his friend .     a . was met byb . was

10、metc . was meetingd . met by 3.the war_in 1937    a . was broken outb . had been broken out c . has broken outd . broke out 4.the mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.     a . crossb . be crossingc . be crossed byd . cross by 5.my brother and i have _her

11、 birthday party.     a . been invitedb . been invited forc . invited tod . been invited to 6.it_this way     a . is had to dob . is had to be donec . had to be doned . has to do 7.it_this way.    a used to dob . used to be donec . is used to dod

12、 . is used to doing 8._chaplin.     a . the child's name was calledb . the child's name calls    c . the child callsd . the child is named 9.the sports meeting_ .     a . is put offb . is to put offc . is to be put offd . puts off 1

13、0.mary realized she_     a . was making fun ofb . was made fun   c . was being made fun ofd . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way     a . it is considers wrongb . it is considered wrong    c . it is considered it's wrongd

14、. it is consiedring wrong 12.he ordered that the books_at once.     a . would be printedb . would printc . be printedd . print 13.the story_in china .      a . was taken placeb . was happenedc . took placed . has been taken place 14.the house_my pare

15、nts     a . is belong tob . belong toc . belongs tod . is belonged to 15.he_by his teacher.     a . happened to seeb . was happened to see  c . happened to be seend . was happened to be seen 16.great changes_in our province.many tall buildings.  

16、0;  a . have been taken place, have been set up    b . have taken place, have been set up    c . have been taken place, have been set up    d . were taken place, were set up 17.the hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps.     a

17、 . furnished, finishedb . been finished, been furnished    c . being finished, being furnishedd . set up, full 18.the new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?    a . can it seeb . can it be seenc . can it seend . can see 19.as soon as we got to the

18、 airport,we found that the plane_.     a . had already taken offb . already took off    c . was already taking offd . was already taken off 20. some of the hotels in my hometown_.     a . have now been rebuildingb . are now rebuilding  

19、0; c . are now being rebuiltd . are rebuilt now 21. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner    a . are not kept；will have tob . are not kept；have    c . do not keep；will have tod . do not keep；have to22. the fifth generation compu

20、ters, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.    a . developedb . have developed  c . are being developedd . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weather    a . i've been toldb . i'

21、ve toldc . i'm toldd . i told 24. i need one more stamp before my collection _.    a . has completedb . completesc . has been completedd . is completed 25. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 

22、0;  a . cutb . are cutc . are being cutd . had been cut 26. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.    a . has been designedb . had been designed   c . was designedd . would be designed 27.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as

23、if it _.    a . breaksb . has brokenc . was brokend . had been broken 28. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.    a . have been taken place; have been set up b . have taken place; have been set up   c . have taken place; have set up d .

24、were taken place; were set up 29. that suit _ over 60 dollars.    a . had costedb . costedc . is costedd . cost 30. - look! everything here is under construction.  - what's the pretty small house that _ for?    a . is being builtb . has been builtc .

25、is builtd . is building 31.- do you like the material?  - yes, it _ very soft.    a . is feelingb . feltc . feelsd . is felt 32. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinese   a . writeb . to writec . to be writtend . written 33. i have no more letters _ ，thank you    a . to typeb . typingc . to be typedd . typed 34. take care! don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.    a . won't wash outb . won't be washed out    c . isn't washed outd . isn't washing out&#