美國文學(xué)考試模擬題

1、第一章殖民地時(shí)期的美國文學(xué)填空題1. Theterm “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout membersof the Church of _.【答案】England查看答案【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英國國教Church of England中天主教殘余的改革派。其字詞于16世紀(jì)60年代開始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意為“清潔”。2. Themost enduring shaping influence in American thought and American lit

2、erature was_.【答案】American Puritanism查看答案【解析】美國文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民時(shí)傳入北美。美國主流價(jià)值觀都可以追溯到殖民地時(shí)期一統(tǒng)天下的清教主義，并且清教思想對(duì)美國文學(xué)有著根深蒂固的影響。3. Hard work, thrift,piety and sobriety, these were the _ values that dominated much of theearly American writing.【答案】Puritan查看答案【解析】清教主義，起源于英國，在北美殖民地得以實(shí)踐與發(fā)展。清教徒強(qiáng)調(diào)艱苦奮斗、勤儉節(jié)約、虔誠和淡泊。這些價(jià)值觀

3、也影響了早期的美國文學(xué)。4. Many Puritans wroteverse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and _, rose to thelevel of real poetry.【答案】EdwardTaylor查看答案【解析】美國殖民時(shí)期最著名的詩人是安·布萊德斯特和愛德華·泰勒。5. TheTenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by_. 【答案】AnneBradstreet查看答案【

4、解析】安·布萊德斯特律是美國殖民時(shí)期著名的詩人。其代表作是詩集最近在北美出現(xiàn)的第十位繆斯（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up inAmerica ）。6. The Puritanphilosophy known as _ was important in New England during colonial time,and had a profound influence on the early American mind for severalgenerations.【答案】Puritanism查看答案【解析】清教主義，起源于英國,在北美殖民地得以實(shí)踐

5、與發(fā)展。清教徒構(gòu)成了當(dāng)時(shí)北美移民的主體，在新英格蘭北部更是清一色的清教徒。清教主義奠定了美國社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，塑造了美國人的性格，從各個(gè)方面影響著美國社會(huì)。7. Bradford used aword “_” to describe the community of believers who sailed fromSouthampton England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts,in 1620. 【答案】Pilgrims查看答案8. Bradfords workconsists of two book

6、s. The first book deals with the persecutions of theSeparatists in Scrooby, England, the second book describes the signing of the“_ Compact”. 【答案】Mayflower查看答案9. Many Puritans wroteverse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward _, rose tothe level of real poetry. 【答案】Taylor

7、查看答案10. Hard work, thrift,piety and sobriety, these were the _ values that dominated much of theearly American writing. 【答案】Puritan查看答案11.Before his death, Jonathan _ had gained a position as Americas firstsystematic philosopher. 【答案】Edwards查看答案12. Among the membersof the small band of Jam

8、estown settlers was _, an English soldier offortune, whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have beendescribed as the first distinct American literature written in English.【答案】Captain John Smith查看答案【解析】約翰·史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21）因在北美弗吉尼亞州建立了英國第一個(gè)永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而揚(yáng)名天下。他的關(guān)于弗吉尼亞的真實(shí)敘述（

9、A True Relation of Virginia）則是美國文學(xué)的“第一書”，其實(shí)也是整個(gè)美國歷史的“第一書”。13._ College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in1639.【答案】Harvard查看答案【解析】1636年100多名曾在牛津和劍橋大學(xué)受過古典式的高等教育的清教徒，在馬薩諸塞州的查爾斯河畔建立了美國歷史上第一所學(xué)府哈佛學(xué)院。14_ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown. 【答案】Cap

10、tain John Smith查看答案【解析】約翰·史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21），新英格蘭的艦隊(duì)司令，是英國軍人，探險(xiǎn)家和作家。他因在北美弗吉尼亞州建立了英國第一個(gè)永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而揚(yáng)名天下。15. The General History of Virginia containsSmith's most famous tale of how the Indian princess named _ saved him fromthe wrath of her father. 【答案】Pocahontas查看答案【解析】約翰·史密斯在弗吉尼

11、亞通史中講述了他與印第安公主波卡虹塔斯（Pocahontas）之間的故事。公元1608年史密斯與當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎膊柯涞囊晃唤胁ㄍ咛沟那蹰L談判，這位酋長年輕的女兒波卡虹塔斯挽救了史密斯船長的性命。16. William Bradfordhimself used a word “_” to describe the community of believers who sailedfrom Southampton, England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth,Massachusetts in 1620.【答案】Pilgrims查看答案【解析】威廉姆

12、·布拉德福德是普利茅斯的首任總督。1620年他率領(lǐng)100多名英國移民乘坐“五月花號(hào)”大帆船到達(dá)北美的普利茅斯。他把其率領(lǐng)的信徒稱為朝圣者（pilgrims）17. In1620, _ was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachusetts. 【答案】William Bradford查看答案【解析】1620年威廉姆·布拉德福德被推選為馬薩諸塞普利茅斯的首任總督。18. The History of New England is apriceless gift left us by _.【答案】John Winthrop查看答案

13、【解析】約翰·溫思羅普（John Winthrop） （1588-1649）, 美國殖民地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,馬薩諸塞灣清教徒總督。他著名的作品是新英格蘭史（The History of New England）選擇題1. AmericanColonial literature is longer than any other literary period, which startedwhen the first settlers kept diaries and sermons and developed till _.（北二外2010研）A. the mid of 18th CB. ear

14、ly 17th CC. the end of 17th C D. the end of 18th C【答案】D查看答案【解析】美國殖民時(shí)期文學(xué)歷經(jīng)兩個(gè)世紀(jì)，從17世紀(jì)初到18世紀(jì)末。2. Early in _,the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts started the main streamof the American national history.（北二外2007研）A. 14th century B. 15th century C. 17th century D. 16th

15、 century【答案】C查看答案【解析】17世紀(jì)初，英國人在弗吉尼亞和馬薩諸塞定居，這也是美國歷史的開端。3. Thefirst permanent English settlement in North America was established at _ （北二外2009研）A. Jamestown B. New York C. Boston D. Concord【答案】A查看答案【解析】詹姆斯敦是英國人在北美的第一個(gè)永久定居地。4. The first settlerswho became the founding fathers of the Ame

16、rican nation were quite a few of them_.（北二外2008研）A. Quakers. B. Anglicans C. Catholics D. Puritans.【答案】D查看答案【解析】早期來到北美的殖民者有不少是清教徒，因而殖民時(shí)期的文學(xué)深受清教思想影響。5. It isa critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth, thatis, _.（北二外2008研）A. the ancient Greek myth of ZeusB. t

17、he British myth of the Saint GrailC. the Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD. the legend of the Sleepy Hollow【答案】C查看答案【解析】由于深受清教主義的影響，美國文學(xué)至少是美國的白人文學(xué)是建立在圣經(jīng)伊甸園神話基礎(chǔ)上的文學(xué)。6. Thecommon thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the_.A. Revolutionism B. Reason C. Individualis

18、m D. Rationalism【答案】C查看答案【解析】美國價(jià)值觀的核心是個(gè)人主義，因而，個(gè)人主義也成為貫穿美國文學(xué)史的主線。7. The ship “_”carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across theAtlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth,Massachusetts.A. Sunflower B. Armada C. Mayflower D.

19、Titanic【答案】C查看答案【解析】1920年100多名清教徒前輩乘坐“五月花”號(hào)船到達(dá)美國馬薩諸塞州的普利茅斯。8. What style did theseventeenth century American poets adapt to the subject matter confronted in astrangely new environment?A. The style of their own.B. The style mixed with English and Americanelements.C. The style mixed with native-Americ

20、an andBritish tradition.D. The style of established European poets.【答案】D查看答案【解析】17世紀(jì)美國詩人大多沿襲英國詩歌的風(fēng)格。9. Anne Bradstreet wasa Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known asthe _ who appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse【答案】B查看

21、答案【解析】安·布拉德斯特里特被譽(yù)為“美國出現(xiàn)的第十個(gè)繆斯”。10._ was a civil covenant designed to allow the temporal state to serve thegodly citizen.A. The early history of PlymouthColonyB. The Magnalia Christi AmericaC. Mayflower CompactD. Freedom of the Will【答案】C查看答案11. In 1620 a number of Puritans came to settle in_.A.

22、VirginiaB. GeorgiaC. MarylandD. Massachusetts【答案】D查看答案12. In the early 19thcentury American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left adeeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _.A. PuritanismB. RomanticismC. Rationalism D. Sentimentalism【答案】A查看答案13. Early

23、in theseventeenth century, the English settlements in _ began the main stream ofwhat we recognize as the American national history.A. Virginia and Pennsylvania B. Massachusetts and New YorkC. Virginia and Massachusetts D. New York and Pennsylvania【答案】C查看答案14. Thefirst writings that we call

24、 American were the narratives and _ of theearly settlements.A. journalsB. poetryC. dramaD. folklores【答案】A查看答案15. Among the earliestsettlers in North America were Frenchmen who settled in the Northern Coloniesand along the _ River.A. St. LouisB. St. LawrenceC. MississippiD. Hudson【答案】B查看答案16. Whose r

25、eports ofexploration, published in the early 1600s, have been regarded as the firstdistinct American literature written in English?A. John WinthropsB. John SmithsC. William BradfordsD. Christopher Columbuss【答案】B查看答案17. Somewhere in themiddle of the Atlantic Ocean _ delivered his sermon A Model ofChr

26、istian Charity. It became his important work.A. John WinthropB. Michael WigglesworthC. William BradfordD. Thomas Hooker【答案】A查看答案18. Whoamong the following translated the Bible into the Indian tongue?A. Roger WilliamsB. John EliotC. Cotton MatherD. John Smith【答案】A查看答案19. The best ofPuritan poets was

27、_, whose complete edition of poems appeared in 1960,more than two hundred years after his death.A. Anne BradstreetB. Michael WigglesworthC. Thomas HookerD. Edward Taylor【答案】D查看答案20.English literature in America is only about more than _ years old.A. 500B. 600C. 200D. 100【答案】C查看答案21. Theearly history

28、 of _ Colony was the history of Bradfords leadership.A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. New England D. Mayflower【答案】A查看答案22. Theestablisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist _.A. John WinthropB. John SmithC. William BradfordD. John Goodwin【答案】B查看答案【解析】約翰·史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21）新英格蘭的

29、艦隊(duì)司令，是英國軍人，探險(xiǎn)家和作家。其因在北美弗吉尼亞州建立了英國第一個(gè)永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而揚(yáng)名天下。術(shù)語解釋1.Protestants（天津外國語2007研）Key: Protestants refer to thosepeople who believe in Protestantism. Protestantism is one of the four majordivisions within Christianity. It is most closely tied to those groups thatseparated from the Roman Catholic Churc

30、h in the 16th century ProtestantReformation. Protestant doctrine was also known in continental Europeantraditions as Evangelical doctrine. It typically holds that Scripture is thesource of revealed truth.2.American Puritanism（南開大學(xué)2008研；廈門大學(xué) 2011 研）Key: The word Puritanism is originally used torefer

31、to the theology advocated by a party within the Church of England. Theterm Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to the attitudes andvalues considered characteristic of the Puritans. It has been employed todenote a rigid moralism, or the condemnation of innocent pleasure, or religiousn

32、arrowness adhered by the early New England Puritans. The American Puritanismas a cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values. Andthis Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable.In addition, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original s

33、in and themystery of evil marked the works by such famous writers as Hawthorne and Melville.3.Literary Journals: Key:A journal is an individualsday-by-day account of events. It provides valuable details that can be suppliedonly by a participant or an eyewitness. As a record of personal relation

34、s, a journal reveals much about the writer.While offering insights into thelife of the writer, a journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts.The writers impressions may color the telling of events, particularly when heor she is a participant. Journals written for publication rather than pr

35、ivateuse are even less likely to be objective. The European encounters with andconquest of the Americas are recorded in the journals of the explorers.作品分析題1.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the samestring.Seeming to gl

36、ory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voicesraise,And in their kind resound their Makerspraise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?Questions:（1） This is the ninth of the “Contemplations”written by an early American woman writer. What is her name?（2） Make a brief com

37、ment on this short poem.Key: （1） Anne Bradstreet. （2） This short poem offers the reader an insightinto the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering into a new world. When thepoet, heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as theirpraising their reator and searched he

38、r own soul accordingly. It is evident thatshe saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perceptionwhich was singularly Puritan.2.HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.Thy holy word my distaff make for me. Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat, And

39、make my soul thy holy spool to be. My conversation make to be thy reel, andreel, the yam thereon spun of thy wheel.Questions:（1） Identify the poet of this poem. （2） Make a brief comment on this poem. Key: （1） Edward Taylor.（2） The poem indicates that the poet sawreligious si

40、gnificance in a simple daily incident like a housewife spinning.The spinning wheel, the distaff, the flyers, the spool, the reel and the yarnhave all acquired a metaphorical significance in the symbolic, Puritan eyes ofEdward Taylor.3.Identify the poem.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The bla

41、ck-clad cricket bear a second part,They kept one tune, and played on the samestring,Seeming to glory in their little art.Shall creatures abject thus their voicesraise?And in their kind resound their makerspraise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?“Under the cooling shadow of a stately

42、 Elm,Close state I by a goodly Rivers side,Where gliding streams the Rocks didoverwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifid,I once that lov d the shady woods so well,Now thought the rivers did the trees excel,And if the sun would ever shine there would Idwell.”“While musing thus with contemplatio

43、n fed,And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain,The sweet tongu d Philomel percht o er myhead,And chanted forth a most melodious strain,Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judg d my hearing better than my sight,And wisht me wings with her awhile to take myflight.”Questions:（1） This is taken fr

44、om the Contemplations written by an early American woman writer. What isher name?（2） Make a brief comment on this short poem.Key:（1） Anne Bradstreet.（2） These stanzas, written by Anne Bradstreet, istaken from her best known and most attractive poem, Contemplations. Thisshort poem offers the reader a

45、n insight into the mentality of the early Puritanpioneering in a new world. When she, the poet, heard the grasshopper and thecricket sing, she thought of this as their praising their creator and searchedher own soul accordingly. It is evident that she saw something metaphysicalinhering in the physic

46、al, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan.4.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the samestring.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voicesraise,And in their kind resound their

47、 Maker'spraise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?Questions:（1） This is the ninth of the “Contemplations”written by an early American woman writer. What is her name?（2） Make a brief comment on this short poem.Key:（1） Anne Bradstreet.（2） This short poem offers the reader an insight

48、into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. When thepoet, heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as theirpraising their creator and searched her own soul accordingly. It is evidentthat she saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode ofp

49、erception which was singularly Puritan.簡答題1. Whowas Anne Bradstreet? What were her literary achievements?Key: Anne Bradstreet （16121672） is one of the most important figures in thehistory of American Literature. She is considered by many to be the firstAmerican poet, and her first collection of poem

50、s, The Tenth Muse LatelySprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts, was the first bookwritten by a woman to be published in the United States. Mrs. Bradstreets worksalso serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against thehardships of New England colonial life.2. Whatare th

51、e basic Calvinist tenets? （國際關(guān)系學(xué)院2007研）Key: Calvinist theology is sometimes identifiedwith the five points of Calvinism, also called the doctrines of grace. InEnglish, The five points are sometimes referred to by the acronym TULIP, whichmeans Total Inherited Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limite

52、d Atonement,Irresistible Grace and Perseverance of the Saints England colonial life.論述題1. Whatis the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?Key: The settlement of the North Americancontinent by the English began in the early part of the 17th century. The firstsettlers who became

53、the founding fathers of the American nation were quite afew of the Puritans. They carried with them to America a code of values whichbecame what is now popularly known as American Puritanism. It was one of themost enduring shaping influences in American literature. To some extent, it hasbecome a sta

54、te of mind, a part of national cultural atmosphere that theAmericans breathe.The American Puritanswere idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the “Purity”and religion was a matter of primary importance. They accepted the doctrine ofpredestination, original sin, total depravity an

55、d limited atonement. It hasbeen a critical commonplace that the American literatureor Anglo-Americanliteratureis based on a myth, that is, the Biblical myth of the Garden ofEden. Fired with such a sense of mission, the Puritans looked at even the worstof life in the face with a tremendous amount of

56、optimism. All this went, in duetime, into the making of American literature. The spirits of optimism burst outof the pages of so many American authors, such as, Emerson, Whitman, etc.Furthermore, theAmerican Puritans metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling intobeing a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. Puritan doctrine andliterary practice contributed greatly to the development of an indigenoussymbolism. The ever symbolizing process became, in time, part of theintellectual traditio