被動語態(tài)詳解

1、1被動語態(tài)講解一、總述：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。They will build a new bridge over the river. （主動）A new bridge will be built over the river. （被動）漢語中常用 “被”、“給”、“由”、“受 ”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞 be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構成。、被動語態(tài)的形式1）常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成：被動語態(tài)的基本形式為助動詞 be + 及物

2、動詞的過去分詞，即 be done。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be 的變化形式完全一樣一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時： 一般將來時： 過去進行時： 現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去完成時： 現(xiàn)在完成時： 將來完成時： 過去將來時： 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：以 give 為例，列表如下： am / is / are + given was / were +given shall / will +be+ given was / were + being + given am / is / are + being + given had + been + given have / has

3、 + been + given shall / will + have been + given should / would +be+ given have/has been being done含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞 be done注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時2）被動語態(tài)的否定式：在第一個助動詞后加not構成Russia n is not taught in our schoo I 我們學校不教俄語。3）被動語態(tài)的疑問式：把第一個助動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構成Were many trees pla nted on the hill yesterday 天山上種了許多

4、樹嗎?How much money was stole n in all 一共被偷了多少錢?、被動語態(tài)使用范圍誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要動作承受者需強調(diào)，用被動語態(tài)莫忘了1. Some stamps were stole n last week.2. The PRC was fou nded on October 1, 1949.3. Football is played in most middle schools.四、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換1 主語+謂語+賓語練習：將下列各句改為被動語態(tài)。1. He pla nts trees in spri ng.2. Tom will cle

5、a n the room tomorrow.3. They make shoes in that factory.4. They bought ten computers last term .5. Amy can take good care of Gina6. We are painting the rooms.7. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.8. They will send cars abroad by sea.9. Some one has told me the sports me

6、eti ng might be put off.10. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時態(tài)人稱be關鍵。注意：把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致， 其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computerbee n bought.2. 主語+謂語+間接賓語(sb.) +直接賓語(sth.)My un cle gave me a p

7、rese nt on my birthday.I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.A prese nt was give n to me yesterday.注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如：bring, give, han d, le nd, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, te等。 一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,女口： build, buy, cook, cut, choose,do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, m

8、ake, order, paint, play, sing等。練習1 ：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1) The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.2) My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.練習2：在橫線上填for或者to.1) Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was mademe.)2) The meat was cookedus.3) My bike was lenther.4) Some country music was playedu

9、s.5) The cup with mixture was showedthe class.注意：有些既不用to也不用for,根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關系。He asked me a question. （A question was asked of me. ）People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. （不用 by 短語 ）3. 主語 +謂語 +賓語+賓語補足語帶復合賓語 （賓語+ 賓補 ）的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結構中的賓語改為

10、主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.f The classroom is always kept clea n.She told us to follow her instructions.fWe were told to follow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, fee等動詞后作賓語補足 語的動詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to,這時不定式為主語補足 語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省

11、略 to 的問題。We often hear him play the guitar.fHe is often heard to play the guitar.注意：帶有復合賓語的句子,如果賓語補足語是名詞,變被動句時,應將賓語變 為主語,不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe andpeople called them love apples. 誤： Love apples were called them.正： They were called love apples.五、下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一,感

12、官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義, 如： feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain 等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤： It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.誤： The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.誤： The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞 leave, en ter, reach, su

13、it, have, ben efit, lack, ow等。如：He entered the room and got his book.誤： The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.誤： Her hand was had burned.第三，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, h appe n, succeed, remai n, li等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤： The sun had

14、 already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.誤： After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第四,一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài), 如： take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, con sist of, add up to等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.誤： The fire was broke out in the capital building.

15、 第五,賓語是反身代詞,相互代詞,同源賓語,不定式, v-ing 形式及抽象名詞 等,不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z,如：I taught myself English.誤： Myself was taught English.We love each other. 誤： Each other is loved.第六、有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和 well, badly, easily 等副詞連用時， 表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)， 常見的有： write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：The cloth was

16、hes easily. 這布很好洗。The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。對比：The books sell well. （主動句）The books were sold out. （被動句）The meat didn't cook well. （主動句）The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.被動句）六、特殊句式 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that據(jù)報導

17、 It is reported that據(jù)推測It is supposed that希望 It is hoped that 眾所周知 It is well known that普遍認為 It is generally considered that 有人建議 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.練習：1. 變被動語態(tài)：1. People use knive

18、s for cutting things.Knives for cutting things.2. The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom twice a month.3. I found the ticket on the floor. on the floor.4. I told her to return the book in time.She to return the book in time.5. His doctor made h

19、im have only two meals a day.He only two meals a day.6. Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers to help them.7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? at this time last time?8. Must we finish our work today? our work today?10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.To

20、m to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work by women in this factory.12. He can mend the bike in two days.The bike in two days.13. You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine three times a day.14. The students study German in this school.Ge

21、rman by the students in this school.15. Do they often talk about this question? this question often about ?2. 在橫線上填寫括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式：1) Teenagers should (allow) to go out at night.2) The telephone (invent) by Bell.3) English (speak) in China.4) The car (make) in China.5) The room must (clean) every day.

22、4. 選擇正確答案1. When I got to his office, I that he out.A. told, had beenB. was told, wasC. had told, wasD. was told, had been2. The vegetables didn' t taste very good. They for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked3. The anti-Japanese war in 1937 and it eight years.A. w

23、as broken, lastedB. broke out, lastedC. break out, lastedD. broke out, was lasted5. These boxes are very heavy _.A. be carried B. carry C. carried D. be carrying6. The police found that the house and a lot of things .A. had been broken into, has been stolen B. has broken into, has been stolenC. had

24、been broken into, stolen D. has broken into, has stolen7. Coal can to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.A. have used B. used C. be usedD. use8. John has never dreamt of .A. taken to AthensB. taking to AthensC. be taking to AthensD. being taken to Athens9. Nobody likes .A. laughed at B

25、. laughing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed10. The bridge will be completed next year.A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building11. It is said that tigers in Asia year after year.A. are being disappearedB. are disappearingC. will be disappeared D. will disappear12. I ' m going

26、to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anything to your mother?A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking13. Take it easy. There is nothing .A. to worry B. to be worried C. to be worried about D. to worry about14. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology so fast.A. is developedB. is

27、 being developedC. has been developedD. will developed15. I won ' t go to the party unless .A. invitedB. being invited C. be invited D. inviting16. The problem last week is very important.A. was discussed B. discussed C. being discussed D. be discussed17. We should keep the animals from .A. be e

28、ndangered B. endangering C. being endangered D. endangered18. There are no rivers out of the Dead Sea.A. flowedB. flowing C. being flowedD. be flown19. This place has been destroyed. So there is no bamboo for pandas to feed on.A. leftB. leaving C. leave D. be left20. All the preparations for the task , and we are ready to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completed D. have been complete 用動詞的正確時態(tài)填空Our desks and chairs (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers also (make) from wood. Even some ki