專題復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句

1、專題復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句名詞性從句的基本概念一. 名詞性從句的概念具有名詞的句法功能，在句子中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語和同位語的從句。eg： 1.What has happened proves that out policy is right2. I have no idea when he will be back.二. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞的分類1. 連接詞：that ,只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，沒有任何意思。whether, (if)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，意思是否”2. 連接代詞： what , who, whom, which, whose. Whatever, whoever,

2、whomever, whichever.Whosever具有代詞功能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又在句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，(即主，賓, 表，定)。它們的意思與疑問句中疑問詞的意思大體相同。3. 連接畐U詞：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however, because 具有 副詞的句法功能。在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。連接副詞的意思同疑問句中疑問詞的意思大體 相同。三. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞一攬表連 接 詞連接詞連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句在從句中的 意思在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)?句子成分that主從，賓從，表從，同位從無意義不做成分，起連接作用whether主從，賓從，表從，

3、同位從是否不做成分if賓從，只引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓從是否不做成分連 接 代 詞who主，賓，表，同誰主語，賓語whom主，賓，表，同誰賓語what主，賓，表，同什么，所。的主，賓，表，定which主，賓，表，同那個(gè)，那些主，賓，表，定whose主，賓，表，同誰的定whoever主，賓無論誰的主whomever主，賓無論誰賓whatever主，賓無論什么主，賓，表，定whichever主，賓無論哪個(gè)主，賓，表，定連 接 副 詞whe n主，賓，表，同什么時(shí)候狀語where主，賓，表，同什么地方why主，賓，表，同為什么how主，賓，表，同怎樣whenever主，賓，同無論什么時(shí)候wherever主，賓，

4、同無論什么地方however主，賓，同無論如何四. 名詞性從句的來源1. 來源于述句，引導(dǎo)詞用“that 如：1) He came back yesterday.That he came back yesterday made us very happy.2) He didn， t see me when he passed me.He pretended that he didn t see me when he passed me.3) He will come to see us all.Word came that he would come to see us all.蔽傳來了2.

5、來源于一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用whethero做動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可用whether或if,語序用述 語序。eg : 1) Is he fit for the job?I wonder if/whether he is fit for ther job2) Can we overcome the present difficulties?He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties( or n ot)他不知道我們能否克服目前的困難。3. 來源于特殊疑問句，疑問詞做引導(dǎo)詞，語序用述語序。eg： 1) Who will c

6、ome to give us a lecture?The prob1em is who will come to xive us 3 lecture2) Where has he put the bag?We are interested in where ho has put the bag3) How did the prisoner escape?How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.注意：間或也有感嘆句做名詞性從句的。如：How disappointed I was then!You don t know how disappoinlod

7、 I was thon!我們可以把不同的句子放在不同的位置就構(gòu)成不同的名詞性從句。 如：將下面句子加入到下面各句中，使其構(gòu)成帶有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句。1. Many visitors will visit our school.1) He told me .2) The news is 3) is known to us all.It is known to all .2. Has Lucy joined the singing group?1) .is not known yet2) . The problem is .3) . He asded me .4) . He is not inte

8、rested in5) . He asked me the question3. What did he say just now?1) . I was surprised at2) . The question is3) .made us unhappy.4) . I have no idea4. Which team wi11 win the match?1) . is still unkown2) . I am not sure3) . The thoughtmakes him worried名詞性從句分述主語從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句在句中做主語。常用的連接詞有：從屬連詞：that, whe

9、ther, if連接代詞：who, whom, , whose, , what, which, whatever, .whichever, whoever, whomever連接畐詞：where, why, how, when, whenever, wherever, however1. that引導(dǎo)主語從句，只起連接作用，在從句中不做任何成分，也不能省略。多數(shù)情況下用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句尾，保持句子平衡。eg. That in some countries women are still treated unequally is unfair.It is unfair that

10、 in some countries women are still treated unequal1y.用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)Itis+名詞+從句Itis a fact that 事實(shí)是Itis an honor that非常榮幸Itis common knowledge that是常識(shí)Itis a pity that很遺憾Itis a shame that很丟臉/羞愧Itis no wonder that難怪Itis+形容詞+從句Itis natural that很自然Itis strange that奇怪的是Itis+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseems that-似乎Ithappened t

11、hat碰巧Itappears that似乎It+過去分詞+從句Itis reported that*據(jù)報(bào)道Ithas been proved that已證實(shí)Itis said that據(jù)說主語從句中的虛擬：a) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。 It is + necessary/ important / strange / natural + that + 主 + (should) + 動(dòng)詞原 形eg： It is necessary that we should learn English wel1.It is natural that we

12、should work al 1 by ourselvesb) It is suggested / advised / ordered / requested / required / proposed / desired + that + 主 + (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形例：It is requested that Professor Li (should) give us a speech It is decided that we (should) get everything ready by tonight2. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于

13、復(fù)合句句首。(2) It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang wi 11 visit our school next week 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said(3) It happens/occurs*結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in t

14、he examination occurred to him.(4) It doesn, t matter how/whether結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如:正確表達(dá)：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter(5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Is it 1 ikely that it will rain in the evening?錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening lik

15、ely?3. what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別whatthat則不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is rightb) That she is still alive is a consolationThat既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)定于從句，what則只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。4. It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而 it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whomoa) It is a pit

16、y that you didn t go to see the filmb) It doest interest me whether you succeed or notc) It is in the morning that the murder took place. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)d) It is John that broke the window(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)5. 引導(dǎo)主語從句：“是否”c) 引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首，只能用whetherd) 當(dāng)主語從句由形式主語代替時(shí)，可用whether或if 如：1) Whether the news is true remains a questio

17、n.It remains a question whether/if the news is true2) Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time6. wh-等的連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句可位于句首，也可位于句末。但需要用形式 主語it替代.例：1) Who will be in charge of the project hasn，t been decided yet.It hasn， t been

18、decided yet who will be in charge of the project.2) Whether he s coming or not doesn* t matter too much.It doesn? t matter too much whether he s coming or not,3) It is hard to say which football team will win the match.4) It is not yet fixed when the parent-tencher meetin will be held.注：Whtll導(dǎo)主語從句，一

19、般不用形式主語it替代，但如果句子是一般疑問句時(shí)只能用形 式主語it.例：When the plane is to take off has been announced It has been announced when the plane is to take off. -*Has it been announced when the plane is to take off? What we should do next remains unknown.Does it remain unknown what we should do next?二.賓語從句 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語

20、的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞 之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?，例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由wh-詞.whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened.b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞

21、的賓語，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another3. 作非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞)的賓語。eg. 1. Its hard to say how long the operation wi11 last2. On hearing Mr. King was seriously ill, the doctor went to see him at once3. Knowing that the patient was very weak, the nurse saw him home4. 作形

22、容詞的賓語，例如：I am afraid (that) I * ve made a mistake.注意：某些表示情感色彩或表示動(dòng)態(tài)的形容詞或分詞(如：afraid, amazed, anxious, aware, certain, confident, pleased, sure, surprised, annoyed 等)作表語時(shí)，that 弓I 導(dǎo)的從句常跟在后面做賓語，此時(shí)的that從句相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句，因?yàn)閠hat從句所表 示的容是主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的原因。賓語從句中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1. 關(guān)于形式賓語的問題在賓語從句后有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，一般要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放

23、在補(bǔ)語之 后，以求句子上的平衡。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主+及物動(dòng)詞(find/make/think/consider/feel/believe) +it+補(bǔ)語(形容詞/名詞)+ 賓語 從句eg : 1. We all consider it clear that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.2. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries3. We all thought it a pity that he had not gone to the concerta) 某些表示喜怒哀樂”的位于動(dòng)詞，

24、如 like, dislike, love, hate, enjoy, appreciate 等，若要接賓語從句，特別是that 拿到的賓語從句，從句前必須跟一個(gè)it作形式賓語。 I dont 1 ike it that he is so carelessb) 由于that從句一般不能直接做介詞賓語，所以借此后若接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，就必 須先接一個(gè)it做形式賓語。Well see to it that she gets home early.我們要確保她早到家。c) 動(dòng)詞+介詞”所構(gòu)成的固定詞組若跟賓語從句，必須先跟it作形式賓語，it要置于動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。如：leove it to(由

25、某人決定.委托)，owe it to sb.(歸功于，多虧)I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.We owe it to you that there wasnr t a serious accident2. 語序問題：賓語從句的語序必須用述語序例：Do you remember when we met for the first time?但What，s the matter with you做賓語從句其語序不變，因?yàn)檫B接詞what本身做主語。 例：Do you know what is the matter w

26、ith him?3. 時(shí)態(tài)問題a) 主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(包括現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，從句可以用符合句意要求的任何時(shí)態(tài)。 eg： 1) We all know (that) he was born in 1980.2) We have known that he wi11 visit your school next weekb) 主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，從句必須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式，即：過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)。eg： 1) He said (that) he bought a new dictionary last week2) The teacher asked Tim whet

27、her (if) he had finished his homework但：如果從句表達(dá)的是自然現(xiàn)象，真理，客觀事實(shí)，名言，警句，格言，諺語，盡管主句是 一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例 He knows that time is lifte.4. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如主句謂語動(dòng)詞是I think, guess, believe, suppose, expect等時(shí)，若從句時(shí)否定形式，只能否定主句，不能否定從句。僅!J: He won t come tonight I think.I don9 t think that he will come tonight我認(rèn)為他

28、今晚不會(huì)來。注意：1。否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象只限主語為第一人稱。1. 含賓語從句的復(fù)合句的反意疑問句，如果主句的主語為第一人稱，反意部分由從句的人 稱，時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果主句的主語是其他人稱，則由主句決定。例：1) I don t think he is right, is he ?2) He thinks English is very interesting, doesn t he ?3） He asked if I would go abroad , dicin t he ?但：如果從句中的否定副詞不是not.而是never, hardly, seldom, little時(shí)，則不遵守 否定轉(zhuǎn)移這一規(guī)則

29、。例：I think he will never succeed.我認(rèn)為他永遠(yuǎn)不能取得成功。5. 雙重疑問題1）一般疑問句型雙重問句：eg, Could you tel 1 me where they live?2）特別疑問句型雙重問句：其結(jié) 構(gòu)為： 疑問句 who/when/what/why/how/where. + do you + suggest/consider/1 h i nk/f ee 1 /be 1 i eve/suppose/hope/gues s/ i mag i ne/say + 賓語從句的 其他部分這種雙重問句常用來證詢對(duì)某一問題的看法，認(rèn)識(shí)，推測(cè)，判斷，希望等。我們常把

30、do you think看作插入成分，但從句應(yīng)用述語序。例：Which team （ do you think ） will win the game ?Who do you suggest be sent to work there?Why do you guess he is upset?6. if. whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句1）用來引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí)，可通用。eg： I doubt whether/if they will come to help us. 我懷疑。I m not sure whether/if I 11 have time to go with you.我很難說。2

31、）在介詞后做介賓時(shí)只能用whether引導(dǎo)eg： I， m not interested in whether you 11 come or not3）直接與or not連用時(shí)，不可用ifeg： I don t know whether or not they wi11 come for our help4）在及物動(dòng)詞discuss后的賓語從句，常用whether引導(dǎo)eg： We discuss whether we should make a change in our plan.例：Tel 1 me if it is not going to rain, please5）當(dāng)if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)

32、Please let me know whether you are busy6）動(dòng)詞不定式前用whether，不用if。He doesnt know whether to go or not7）if可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定的賓語從句，而whether則不可以。She asked me if Tom didnt come賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：下列動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即Should +動(dòng)詞原形。它們是：1個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist； 2 個(gè)命令：order, command: 3 個(gè)建議:suggest, propose, advise； 4 個(gè)要求：ask, demand, request, req

33、uireeg： He proposed that the road should be rebuiltI order that everyone be present at the meeting賓語從句中不省略that的情況1. 當(dāng) that 作 learn, suggest,exp 1 aintagree,wonder,prove,meant state, feel,hold 等動(dòng)i司 的賓語時(shí)；eg. I have learned that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest inEnglish

34、2. 當(dāng)賓語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；3. 當(dāng)主句狀語置于主句尾.賓語從句之前時(shí)；4. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞（包括非謂語動(dòng)詞）與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)；5. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，除第一個(gè)that以外，其 余的that不可以省略；6. 當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this, that或this, that做主語的定語時(shí)；7. 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)；eg. He told me that he would put some signs on the envelope&當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí)；eg. Many people couldnt believe t

35、hat what he had written was true9. 當(dāng)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；10. 當(dāng)賓語從句有it做形式賓語時(shí)；11在直接引語中轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).二.表語從句1放在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, remain,等后。引導(dǎo)詞除了用 that, whether, who. what, which, when, where, how, why 夕卜，還可用 because, as if / as thougheg： Our school is no Ionger what it was ten years ago

36、.He didn* t come yesterday. That was because he was ill.He was ill. That was why he didn t come yesterday注意：主因從果用why,主果從因用because.It looks as if it is going to rain.It sounds as if you are from the South of the States2. 由系動(dòng)詞appear, look, seem引出的兩個(gè)常用句型：It seems/seemed (appears/appeared) + that 從句eg.

37、It seems that he was late for the trainIt appears that she was wrong It looks/looked (seems/ seemed) + as if /as though 表語從句eg. It looks as if we shal 1 have to walk home2.如果主語是以下名詞;the reason, the result, the truth, the fact等,引導(dǎo)表語 從句的連接詞用that如：The reason/ the result / the truth/ the fact is/ was th

38、at she failed to passs the exam/they became fat/he pretended to be deaf以及以why引導(dǎo)的主語從句或時(shí)Kit引導(dǎo)的主語從句表達(dá)原因時(shí)，其后的表語從句也必須用 that引導(dǎo)。eg： Why he didn， t come was that he sent his mother to hospita 1.What caused the accident was that the driver was too careless3. 表語從句中的虛擬語氣：如果主句的主語是下列名詞:idea, advice, suggestion,

39、order, request, requirement 等 時(shí)，表語從句中謂語用should +動(dòng)詞原形4. that與what在表語從句中的區(qū)別：1) that無任何意義，在句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分，如果從句中有主，賓，表時(shí)，用that2) what的意思是：什麼”或所的事”，而且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語。如從句中缺主語，賓語或表語時(shí)則用what.eg, The truth is that I didn t go thereThe question was what made her do it.This is what he is looking forOur school is what

40、 it was years ago.5. 引導(dǎo)表語從句，表達(dá)是否的意思的引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether”，不能用“if”。eg： The question is whether she can tel 1 us the truth6. where引導(dǎo)表語從句，意思是。的地方”eg： Go and get your coat It s where your left it.四.同位語從句(一)同位語從句的定義用于某些抽象名詞后,說明這些名詞的具體容的從句：引導(dǎo)詞有連接詞：that, whether連接代詞：what連接副詞:how, when, where, whyeg, I have no ide

41、a that you were hereI have no idea when she will be backYou have no idea how worried I was有時(shí)可用 namely, that is to say, in other words, that is , foe example 等引出同位 語，說明前面的名詞或代詞。He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.There is only one way of improving your English, that is , to practice more 一些表示建議、命令的名詞后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用)“should) +動(dòng)詞 原型”。The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrowShe refused the demand that he (should )do the work alone同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1. 定語從句是形容詞從句，其句法功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾 關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞圍，或補(bǔ)充一些情況；而同位語從句是名詞性從句，其作