高分句表達(dá)法(正式文體)

1、精品寫作高分句子及文體（注：英語考試中的寫作，都屬于正式文體）1:寫作時，盡量不要用縮寫形式。如 don t, mustn t, he s, Ive , etc., should be avoidedin formal E writing，應(yīng)寫成：do not, must not, he is/he has, I have等。2.人稱代詞的使用（one, we, you they四個代詞中，最正式的人稱代詞是one ，其次是we, 口語中多用you ）例： One must believe in something.人一定要有信仰。 （最正式）也可以說：We must believein so

2、mething.3. Participle phrases are generally used( 分詞詞組屬于高分句)4. Nominativeabsoluteconstructions(獨(dú) 立主 格 結(jié) 構(gòu) )aregenerallyusedinformal style:5.Adjectiveandadverbialphrasesplaced before thesubjectoftenmakethesentence formal:Eager to finish the work, he continued to do it until midnight.（形容詞以及副詞詞組用于句首，屬于

3、高分句句型）6. Parenthetical remarks often make a sentence formal:使用 ,p ? r?n ?tkl 插入語Heshavedveryslowlyandcarefully,as washiscustom,infrontthemirrorabove the sink.7. Avoid informal words and phrasal verbs (colloquial)8. A series of nouns, verbs, or adjectives may make a sentence sound formal: His anger p

4、revented him from doing, saying, and listening to anything.感謝下載載精品Informal /commonformal/big/learned words（注：也就是高分詞）queer, strangeeccentriclearnederuditesame/similaridenticalclearexplicitraiseelevateluckyfortunateleavedeparttryendeavorroomaccommodationlivedwell?aboutapproximately?askinquire?begincom

5、mence?buypurchase?carrybear( 承載 )?changetransform?endconclude( 結(jié)束 ),terminate?get( 獲得 )obtain?havepossess?sayemark感謝下載載精品?use-employ; adopt; utilize?carefulcautious?enough-sufficient?giveoffer?deepprofound?clever (smart)-intelligent;?hard-working- -diligent;?rich- -wealthy?Poor-impoverished?so -ther

6、efore,consequently, accordingly?very -extremelyPhrasalverbs are colloquial and often used in conversational style（注：口語詞匯多用在口語中，也就是說這些動詞詞組多用在口語中，在寫作中，多用他們的對應(yīng)的高分詞）?carry oncontinue?come inenter?come acrossmeet/encounter?give insurrender?go oncontinue?go along with(陪伴 )accompany?look intoinvestigate?pu

7、t up withbear, endure, stand, tolerate感謝下載載精品?get awayleave, escape?take inabsorb?in the endeventually?send for(派人請 )summon?take inabsorb?push in (插入 )insert; add?push downdepress( 擠壓 )?set uperect?put togetheraggregate?put out; go out（熄滅） extinguish?take into pieces(拆除 )dismantle?set fire to(點(diǎn)火 )ig

8、nite?turn upside down(使顛倒 ) invert?keep up (維持 )maintain?take away (移開 )remove?drive forward(推進(jìn) )propel?look at over檢查examine?bring inintroduce? fill up( 占住 ) - occupy?find outdiscover?carry out-implement/perform?use upexhaust; consume感謝下載載精品?wear awayerode?make weakweaken?put offpostpone/delay?at o

9、nce-immediately/instantly? Do away with; get rid of; put an end to -abolish?Get in touchwith-Contact?make up for-compensate (loss)?If you don'tFailing / Failure toI m sorry butWe regret to inform you thatI m happy to say thatWe have pleasure in announcing thatIf you lose it, then please contact

10、us as soon as possible.?Any loss ofthisdocumentshouldbereported immediately8.Modal Usage?If you need any help give us a call.?Should you require any assistance, please feel free to contact us2. when expressing an opinion or belief, try to use impersonal structures. (感謝下載載精品)?Eg: it can be seen that.

11、instead ofyou can see ; it is commonly believedthatI believe ,?it is saidinstead ofI hear.?Other examples of impersonal constructions include:it is argued thatit is found through research thatresearch has found thatstudies have revealed thatit is estimated that? This is where the disagreements and c

12、ontroversies begin .? The data indicates that .? This is not a view shared by everyone; Jones, for example, claims that .?It is worthwhile at this stage to consider that? Of course, more concrete evidence is needed before .? Several possibilities emerge .?A common solution is that3. Nominalization?1

13、Our monitor didntcome today. He has got a flu.? The flu caused the absence of our monitor today.?The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.?2lack of(if there is no), ignorance of (dontknow), illiteracy in(cant感謝下載載精品read/ can tuse), failure (didntdo) （括號內(nèi)的屬于口語化表達(dá)法）?例：要是沒有足夠的資金，這個工程就會癱瘓If

14、there is no enough money, the project will be paralyzed.(口語版 )?Lack of sufficient money will paralyze the project.（寫作版）All over the country people no longer believe that marriage is necessary.口語版 ) Belief in the necessity of marriage has declined for all age groups and inevery region of the country.

15、（寫作版）4. Use modality toshow cautionabout your views, or to allow room for othersto disagree, for example, instead of writing（說話不要太絕對）?"I think second-hand smoke causes cancer"（太絕對，不好）"Second-hand smoke may cause cancer",（稍好）"There isevidence to supportthe possibilitythatseco

16、nd-handsmokeincreases the risk of cancer.（最好的表達(dá)，建議背下來）3)I can tagree with this idea.（口語版） It would be difficult to agree with this idea. This idea requires further discussion and research before agreement may be reached. （背）We all believe that a person who wants to learn will have a certain amount o

17、f感謝下載載精品success with the learning experience. (口語版 )Revised:Itis widelybelievedthata motivatedlearnerwillhavea certaindegree of success with the learning experience.Revised:Many researchers accept the idea that motivation leads to success inlearning.練習(xí)題Task:Thesentencesbelowaregrammaticallyaccurateb

18、utthestyleIsinappropriate. Re-write these sentences in a more academic style making anychanges you need to.1. The planners reviewed the report and said that it was ok/great.2. It's obvious that the work environment is going to get a lot worse.3. The Chinese economy would like to look after itsel

19、f, but it's also affected by things that happen outside the country.4. Their historical approach to economics is just not the right way to go aboutit.5.Personally,I think thateconomicstabilitydependsuponsocialcohesion.( 社會凝聚力 )感謝下載載精品6.Theresearchteamsaidthattheirtechniqueswereokbutneededtobefur

20、ther refined.7. It was clear that the team had done a lot and were satisfied with what they'd done.8. They worked together on the project for 10 years.參考答案1. The planners reviewedit was very satisfactory.2.Itis obviousthattheworkenvironmentis goingtodeteriorate/worsen.( dark enwiden形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成對應(yīng)的動詞的變

21、法)3. The Chinese economy would like to be self-sufficient, but it is also affected by external factors.4. Their historical approachis inappropriate.感謝下載載精品5.Somewritersmaintainthateconomicstabilitydependsuponsocialcohesion.6. The research team said that their techniques were satisfactory but needed

22、to be further refined.7. It was clear that the team had completed a significant amount of work and were satisfied with their achievements.8. They collaborated on the project for 10 years.如果我們（你們）采用這種技術(shù)，我們（你們就能大大地提高效率。（口語版）采用這種技術(shù)，就能大大地提高效率（漢語的正式版）If we adopt this technique, we will be able to raise t

23、he efficiency. (英語口語版 )Adopting this technique will be able to raise the efficiency. (英語中不太常用)Adoption of this technique will be able to raise the efficiency. (英語中更常用的正式版，因?yàn)閍dopt本身具有它對應(yīng)的名詞形式adoption，所以用它對應(yīng)的名詞形式adoption更好些 )感謝下載載精品分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的寫作方法首先要注意， 分詞或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)只與動詞有關(guān) ，漢語中很喜歡用動詞，現(xiàn)在探討怎么樣把漢語中的動詞改變成英語中的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞短

24、語。一、培養(yǎng)英語思維，也就是說， 把漢語中的無主句都加上相應(yīng)的主語，變成英語中的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，再 用連詞 連接起來。感謝下載載精品E.g. 1.不覺冬去春來，久困思動，今日醒來，陽光照屋，精神為之一振，扔在屋角的包袱一直未曾打開，趁天氣晴朗，一把拎了過來，抖出冬天換下的衣裳，上面尚有點(diǎn)點(diǎn)雨漬雪痕，便將它攤在窗前曬起。Before very long, winter passed and spring arrived. One day whenLiu Mengmeiwoke up, he was pleased to find that the room full of sunshine. He

25、had lain onthe bed for a long time and now found it better to get up and move around. Hejumped up and took up the bundle whichhe had thrown in the corner of theroom many days ago. His winter clothes still had stains of rain and snow andhehung them up by the window to dry.分析：整段漢語， 一個句子， 很難找到主語， 但英語每個

26、句子應(yīng)該有對應(yīng)的主語，所以，必須找到并加出相應(yīng)的主語，這樣就變成了5個英語句子。E.g. 2.憑窗站了一會 , 微微的覺得涼意侵入。轉(zhuǎn)過身來, 忽然眼花繚亂。Standing at the window for a while,I felt a bit chilly. AsI turned round,my eyessuddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly.E.g. 3.開始我和母親是不讓父親抽煙的，得了絕癥后，想開了，抽吧，揀好的買，想抽就抽。At first Mother and

27、 I wouldntlet Father smoke. After () contractedthefataldisease,() thoughtdifferently.() just() smoke, () buy the best cigarettes, () smoke感謝下載載精品whenever () liked to.上例是漢語化的死對應(yīng)的英語句子，不是正確的英語句子，要想變成正確的英語句子，必須按照英語語言和語法的習(xí)慣，補(bǔ)出相應(yīng)的主語和連詞，即括號內(nèi)的詞或詞組。At first Mother and I wouldntlet Father smoke. After (Father

28、) had the fataldisease, (we ) thought differently. (We would) just (let him) smoke, (and)buy the best cigarettes, (so he could) smoke whenever (he ) liked to.二、使用連詞后，必須把兩個句子的主語變成或調(diào)整成一個相同的主語 。E.g. 1. 老師進(jìn)教室時，同學(xué)們在讀英語。Whentheteacherenteredintotheclassroom, the students were reading English.這兩個句子的主語不相同，不

29、能變成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，寫作時，根據(jù)自己的需要，調(diào)整成一致的主語，變?yōu)椋豪蠋熯M(jìn)教室時， 老師看到 同學(xué)們在讀英語。這樣，就可以改寫成分詞句了。 Enteringinto the classroom, the teacher found the Ss reading English.E.g. 2.那時舅舅抱著我，哄著我，覺得很溫暖。( 主語切換 )In thosedays,sittingin myuncle s lap,beinghumoredalltheway,I wasfeelingvery good.主語切換就是說，漢語中每個句子或成分的主語可以隨便變換，但是在英語中，一般不隨意更換句子的主語，這

30、樣在翻譯或?qū)懽鲿r，就要把漢語中不同的句子或成分的主語進(jìn)行改變，把他們的主語調(diào)整成一個相同的主語，這樣就可以使用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了。這句就成了“那時，我坐在舅舅的懷抱里，整天被他哄著，我感到很溫暖?！?humor迎合，哄三、漢語中的 謂語并列 ，或有幾個或一些列的動詞并列時，原則上都可以改寫成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，感謝下載載精品尤其是一些列的動作有明顯的先后時間關(guān)系時，都可以改寫成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。E.g. 1. The girl cried, and she threw the gift out of the window.E.g. 2. The girl cried as she threw the gift out

31、of the window.E.g. 3. The girl cried, throwing the gift out of the window.E.g. 4. Crying, the girl threw the gift out of the window.E.g. 5. The crying girl threw the gift out of the window.動詞的并列關(guān)系類1. She decided to go home at once. And she knew her mother was anxiously waiting for her.Shedecidedtogohomeat once,knowingthathermotherwasanxiouslywaiting for her.