英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——代詞

1、.英語代詞分為以下九類英語代詞分為以下九類: : 人稱代詞人稱代詞, , 物主代詞物主代詞, ,反身代詞反身代詞, , 指示代詞指示代詞, , 不定代詞不定代詞, , 疑問代詞疑問代詞, , 連接代詞連接代詞, ,相互代詞，相互代詞， 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞. . .人稱代詞人稱代詞一.人稱代詞的形式: 人稱代詞有人稱, 數(shù)和格的變化我我我我們們你你/ /你你們們他他她她它它他們他們/ /她她們們/ /它們它們主格主格I Iweweyouyouheheshesheit ittheythey賓格賓格memeususyouyouhimhim herherit itthemthem HeHe often

2、helps me with my English.often helps me with my English.Father bought a new bike forFather bought a new bike for himhim. .注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)：1. 1.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中, , 若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是代詞若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是代詞, , 則則其格不變其格不變, , 如如: : a. It was a. It was I I who first opened the door this who first opened the door this morning.morning.b.

3、It was b. It was meme who they talked about. who they talked about.2.2.人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或是在人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或是在notnot之后之后, , 常用常用賓格賓格 a. “ I like English. ” “ a. “ I like English. ” “ MeMe too.” too.” b. “ Would you like more wine ?” b. “ Would you like more wine ?” “ Not “ Not meme.”.”.3.3.在同位語中在同位語中, , 人稱代詞的格視與之同位人

4、稱代詞的格視與之同位的詞在句中的成分而定的詞在句中的成分而定, , 如如: : a. We, Tom and a. We, Tom and I I, , showed her many showed her many wonderful pictures.wonderful pictures.b. She showed us, Tom and b. She showed us, Tom and meme, many , many wonderful pictures.wonderful pictures.4.4.在比較級(jí)的句子中在比較級(jí)的句子中thanthan、asas后用主格、后用主格、賓格

5、都可以。如：賓格都可以。如：He is taller than He is taller than me (I).me (I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別但在下列句中有區(qū)別: :I like Jack as much as her.I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. =I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too. =I like Jack and

6、 she likes him, too. .5.5.兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：原則： 在并列主語中，在并列主語中，“I”, “me”“I”, “me”總是放總是放在最后，排列順序?yàn)樵谧詈?，排列順序?yàn)椋憾?三三 一一（人稱），（人稱），如：如：You ,she and IYou ,she and I will be in charge of the will be in charge of the case. case. Mr. Zhang askedMr. Zhang asked Li Hua and meLi Hua and me to he

7、lp to help him. him. .5.5.兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：原則： 在并列主語中，在并列主語中，“I”, “me”“I”, “me”總是放總是放在最后，排列順序?yàn)樵谧詈?，排列順序?yàn)椋憾?三三 一一（人稱），（人稱），如：如：You ,she and IYou ,she and I will be in charge of the will be in charge of the case. case. Mr. Zhang askedMr. Zhang asked Li Hua and meLi Hua and me to he

8、lp to help him. him. 第三人稱，男女兩性并用，男先女后。第三人稱，男女兩性并用，男先女后。 He and she still dont agree to the plan.物主代詞物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞稱為物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞稱為物主代詞物主代詞的形式物主代詞的形式: : 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種我的我的我們的我們的你的你的/ /你們你們的的他他的的她她的的它它的的他們的他們的/ /她們的她們的/ /它們的它們的形容詞形容詞性物主性物主代詞代詞mymyourouryouryourhishisher

9、heritsitstheirtheir名詞性名詞性物主代物主代詞詞minemineoursoursyoursyours hishishershers-theirstheirs.物主代詞的用法物主代詞的用法: : 1. 1.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞, , 作定語作定語, , 如如: our work, her students, their house: our work, her students, their house2.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞, , 作主語作主語, , 表語表語, , 賓語賓語 a. His b

10、rother is a driver; a. His brother is a driver; minemine is a is a worker. worker. b. These books are b. These books are minemine. . c. You can use my bike and I may use c. You can use my bike and I may use hers hers. .3. “of +3. “of +名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞”可構(gòu)成雙重所有格可構(gòu)成雙重所有格, , a. Wang Ling is a friend of mi

11、ne.a. Wang Ling is a friend of mine.b. This baby of hers is so lovely.b. This baby of hers is so lovely.4. ones own=.of ones own4. ones own=.of ones own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。 This is my own room. This is my own room. = This is the room of my own.= This is the room of my own.5.5.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞

12、代替物主代詞。 take sb. by the armtake sb. by the armbe wounded in the leg. be wounded in the leg. hit sb. in the facehit sb. in the facepat sb. on the shoulder/on the headpat sb. on the shoulder/on the head.反身代詞反身代詞一一. .反身代詞的形式反身代詞的形式: myself, ourselves, yourself, : myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves

13、, himself, herself, itself, themselvesyourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves二二. .反身代詞的用法反身代詞的用法: : 1. 1.作賓語作賓語: : a. He taught himself English.a. He taught himself English.b. He is old enough to look after himself.b. He is old enough to look after himself.2.2.在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語, ,

14、以加強(qiáng)名詞以加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語氣或代詞的語氣, , 一般表示一般表示 “親自親自” “本人本人”a. I a. I myselfmyself did the work. did the work.b. You had better ask Tom b. You had better ask Tom himselfhimself. .I am not myself today.I am not myself today.4.4.反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成固定短語。反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成固定短語。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at h

15、ome, enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood, help oneself to sth.make oneself understood, help oneself to sth.5. 5. 反身代詞還可用于某些習(xí)語中。反身代詞還可用于某些習(xí)語中。 a. for oneself a. for oneself 為自己為自己 One should not live only for oneself. One should not live only for oneself. b. of

16、oneself b. of oneself 自然地，自動(dòng)地自然地，自動(dòng)地 The door opened of itself. The door opened of itself. c. by oneself c. by oneself 獨(dú)自地，靠自己地獨(dú)自地，靠自己地 His father lives by himself in the village His father lives by himself in the village d. in oneself d. in oneself 就其本身或本性而言就其本身或本性而言 This wood is hard in itself. Th

17、is wood is hard in itself. e. to oneself e. to oneself 獨(dú)自占有或享用獨(dú)自占有或享用 When he has dinner in a restaurant, he likes a When he has dinner in a restaurant, he likes a table to himselftable to himself.相互代詞相互代詞相互代詞（相互代詞（each other, one anothereach other, one another） 相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語。相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，

18、在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為其所有格分別為each othereach others s 、one anotherone anothers ,s ,作定語。作定語。 一般來說，一般來說，each othereach other指兩者之間，指兩者之間，one anotherone another指指三者或三者以上之間，但在現(xiàn)代英語中已無明顯區(qū)三者或三者以上之間，但在現(xiàn)代英語中已無明顯區(qū)別。別。 .指示代詞指示代詞一一. .指示代詞的形式指示代詞的形式: : this, that, these, those, it, such, this, that, these, those, it, such

19、, samesame二二. .指示代詞的用法指示代詞的用法: : 1.this / these 1.this / these常指時(shí)間常指時(shí)間, , 空間或心理上較近的人或空間或心理上較近的人或物物, that / those, that / those常指時(shí)間常指時(shí)間, , 空間或心理上較遠(yuǎn)的人或空間或心理上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物物. . 2.this / these 2.this / these常指后面要提到的事物常指后面要提到的事物, , 有啟下的作有啟下的作用用; ; 而而that / thosethat / those常指前面講到過的事物常指前面講到過的事物, , 有承上的有承上的作用作用. .

20、The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.不定代詞不定代詞一一. .不定代詞的形式不定代詞的形式: some, any, no, none, many, : some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both,much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both,either, neithe

21、r, other, anothereither, neither, other, another及及some, any, no, some, any, no, everyevery構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞. .一、一、both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法比較的用法比較都任何都不兩者三者或三者以上botheither neitherallanynone - When shall we meet again? - Make it _ day you like; its all the same to me. (2) - Can you com

22、e on Monday or Tuesday? - Im afraid _ day is possible.anyneither.二、二、none, no one (nobody), nothing的用法比較的用法比較(1)- How many of you have been to the Great Wall? - _.(2) - Who knows the answer to this question? - _.(3) - What are you doing now? - _. (4) Cities have theaters, museums and big sporting ev

23、ents, but small towns have _.NoneNo oneNothingnone.二、二、none, no one (nobody), nothing的用法比較的用法比較noneno one nothing指代指代回答回答單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù) 跟跟of結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)人人/物物人人物物how many/how muchwhowhatC 單單/復(fù)復(fù)U 單單 單單單單.三、三、every, each的用法比較的用法比較意義意義作用作用與與of搭配搭配eachevery強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)調(diào)整體強(qiáng)調(diào)整體主主/賓賓/定定/同位語同位語定語定語1. They both came on time, bu

24、t each left ahead of time.2. Tokyo and London are two large cities. I really love each.3. We send each other an e-meal each week.4. We each hope to have free weekends.5. Every student needs to be careful with their studies.We each _ a company car. (have)haveeach作同位語時(shí)，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。作同位語時(shí)，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Ev

25、eryone every one of .四、四、another, other, the other, others, the others another other the other others the others用于泛指三者以上中的用于泛指三者以上中的“另一個(gè)另一個(gè)”作前置定語作前置定語,修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞兩者中的兩者中的“另一個(gè)另一個(gè)”,是特指是特指泛指泛指“其他人其他人”或或“其他物其他物”指整體中除去一部分后指整體中除去一部分后,剩余的全部剩余的全部= other + 名復(fù)名復(fù)特定范圍特定范圍.四、四、another, other, the other, o

26、thers, the othersone the other” the other + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞: 表示表示“其余所有的其余所有的” = the others other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞: 泛指泛指“其他的人或物（并非其余所有的）其他的人或物（并非其余所有的）”= othersone another (a second) a thirdthe other意意為為“一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)一個(gè)”用于三者或三者以上的排列。用于三者或三者以上的排列。some others others，意為，意為“一些一些一些一些一些一些”。 .1. Some are singing an

27、d dancing, some are drawing, _ are climbing.2. I dont want this one. Please give me _.3. She has two children. One is a boy, _ is a girl.4. There are 55 students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. _ are boys.5. We study Chinese, maths, English and _ lessons.othersanotherthe otherThe othersotherHa

28、ve a try:.itone ones表同類同物表單數(shù)表同類同物表單數(shù)Yesterday, I bought a football, but now I cant find it. 表同類但不同物表同類但不同物,表單數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指表單數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指There are many TV sets in the store; Would you like to take one? 表同類但不同物表同類但不同物,表復(fù)數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指表復(fù)數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指I dont like green apples; I like red ones.五、五、it, one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those.the one that表同類但不同物表同類但不同物,表特指，表單數(shù)表特指，表單數(shù)表同類但不同物表同類但不同物, 指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)The bridge made of stone is much st