中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題8介詞和介詞短語

1、中考四輪復(fù)習(xí)第一輪專題8:介詞和介詞短語一、介詞的定義介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立存在。它必須和隨后的不足成分一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能用作句子的成分。 一、介詞(短語)的分類1.表示時(shí)間的介詞(短語)at用在具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前。e.g. at five o clockin用在年，月，季節(jié)之前;用在表泛指的上午。下午、晚上之前。the afternoone.g.in July、inon用在星期之前，用在具體某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。nndafternoon of July 2e.g. on theafter表7K 在 之后 ，反義詞是 before obefore表示“在之前”。除了可以用作介

2、詞之外，before還可以做連詞和副詞。until表7K 直到 ，not until息為 直到 才 。since表示“自從”，后跟表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。during表K 在 期間 。e.g.during the speechfrom和 to 措配，fromto. fev 從 至U。 e.g. from 3:30 to 5:30by表7K 在 之前不遲于 。e.g. by five o clock2.表示方位的介詞at用在比較小的地點(diǎn)之前。e.g. arrive at the airportin用在去較大的地點(diǎn)之前。e.g. arrive in Beijing表小 在里面”。

3、e.g. in the boxin front of表小 在,刖卸 。反義詞是behindbehind表小 在后面”。under表小 在卜面”。by表小 在為邊； 罪近 。e.g. by the windowbeside表小 在旁邊”。near表小 在附近”。next to表小 奔世；緊挨”。from和to搭配，from.to.W/K 從至Ue.g. from Beijing to Shanghaion the left of表小 在的左邊”oon the right of表小 在的右邊”o【注意】in是常見的介詞，還有如下的用法in+顏色/服裝此時(shí)in表示“穿著某種顏色的衣服”。in+語百此

4、時(shí)in表示“用某種語言”in+時(shí)間段用在一般將來時(shí)的句中，該句表示在“早某段時(shí)間之后”。3.表示方式、手段或工具的介詞 (1)表示方式byby+交通工具。on, inon, in+限定詞+交通工具。(2)表示手段或工具with和具體的工具搭配。by表示“通過；以的方式或手段” ，其后常跟動(dòng)名詞。in和語言，聲音等材料搭配4.其他常考介詞的基本用法for表小 為了 。e.g. They fought for the country.of:表7K 的,協(xié)助構(gòu)成所有格形式。e.g. a map of China.aboutWtk。 e.g. a book about flowers.with和 在起

5、 。e.g. I live with my parents.表K 帶有，具有 。e.g. a house with a garden構(gòu)成固定搭配。e.g. with the help of, agree with , provide sb. with sth.without表/、 無； 沒有 。e.g. Fish cannot live without water.三、介詞（短語）的基本用法1 .用作表語。e.g. We are in the classroom.2 .用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。e.g. I was surprised to find him on the bus.3 .用作后置定語。e

6、.g. The girl in a white T-shirt is my sister.4 .用作狀語。e.g. There are many flowers in the garden.四、?？嫉囊谆旖樵~和介詞短語between表小 在,-（兩者）之間”。among表小 在,一（三者或二者之上）之間”O(jiān)in front of"“在某范圍以外的前面”O(jiān)in the front of:表示“在某范圍以內(nèi)的前面”O(jiān)on表小 在上面”,強(qiáng)調(diào)表向接觸。反義詞是beneath。over表小 在上方”,強(qiáng)調(diào)在垂直的上面。反義詞是under。above表小 在上方”,可能在垂直的上方，也可能不在

7、垂直的上方，只表示上:下的位置關(guān)系。反義詞是belowacross表7K 從表面穿過，通常和road, street, river等措配。through:表7K 從立體空間穿過，通常和 window , channel, town , city等措配。over:表7K越過局的物體，通常和wall , mountain等措配。for后跟時(shí)間段，常用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。since后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用來說明動(dòng)作起始的時(shí)間。besides“除之外還有”，表示累計(jì)關(guān)系。except“除了”,表示排除關(guān)系。be made of表示“由制造”，強(qiáng)調(diào)可以看出原材料。be made from表示“由制造”，強(qiáng)

8、調(diào)看不出原材料。be made by表示“由（某人）制造”，后面跟人。be made in表示“在（某地）制造”，后跟地點(diǎn)。be made into表示“被制成”，后跟成品。五、介詞（短語）中考考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞+介詞：at： look at laugh at knock at shout at point at for: pay for look for ask for leave for on： depend on get on call on pass on go on with : agree with argue with begin with about： think about ca

9、re about worry about be+形容詞+介詞： of： be proud of be full of be afraid offor： be famous for be ready for be sorry for be late for in: be interested in be strcit in.at： be good at be angry at be surprised atwith : be satisfied/pleased with be srict with be angry with考點(diǎn)二 of sb.和 for sb.其中的形容詞多是表示主觀感情或態(tài)度

10、的形容詞，如good, kind , nice, clever,其中的形容詞多是表示客觀形勢(shì)的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult , interestingIt s +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.該句型多用于表示人物的性格或品德。foolish 等。It s adj.+for sb.+to do sth.該句型多用于表示人物或事物的特征?？键c(diǎn)針對(duì)聯(lián)系1.12013 北京2.12013 大連】3.12013 揚(yáng)州】4.12013 錦州】5.12013 上?！?、單項(xiàng)選擇Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 2012.A.on B.toC.

11、atD.ofIn America,people start celebrating the New Year 31 st December.A.inB.atC.onD.for-How long have you lived in the new flat?-2010.A.In B.AfterC.SinceD.BeforeMost of my classmates go to school bike.October!A.at B.byC.onD.inWow!Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdaysA.i

12、nB.onC.atD.to6 .【2013 呼和浩特】 her husband,she has now become a famous film star. A.BecauseB.Thanks to C.Thanks forD.With the help of7 .【2013 蘭州】-Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends?-Because there 're lots of great speakers I can practice English in the English corner there.A.wit

13、hB.toC.onD.about8 .【2013 煙臺(tái)】-Why do you always sleep?-Because I'm afraid of the dark.A.by yourself B.with the door open C.with the window open D.with the light on9 .【2013 三亞】 On my visit to Australia,I feel Australians are similar us in many ways.A.withB.inC.toD.at10.12013 河南】-What did you get y

14、our birthday,Jason?-An iPad 3,from my aunt. A.toB.atC.withD.for11 .【2013 安徽】 Mrs. King put a coat the sleeping girl to keep her warm.A.overB.withC.behindD.beside12 .【2013 無錫】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays zero.A.upB.downC.above D,below13 .【2013 溫州】Ann ofte hel

15、ps me math after school.A forB.withC.on D.by14 .【2013 黔西南】 All of you went the zoo Wang Hui.She had to look after her grandpa.A.besides B,withC.exceptD.beside15 【2013 德州】 ,the Internet was only used by government.But now it 's widely used in every field.A.As usual B.At firstC.After allD.So far16

16、 .【2013 重慶】 You can improve your English practicing more.A.byB.withC.ofD.in17 .【2013 蘇州】 Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read the library.A.inB.forC.byD.from18 .【2013 武漢】 Sue has many nice dresses.She wears a different one every day the week.A.ofB.fromC.atD.for19 .

17、【2013 荊州】 The model plane isn't as nice as my sister's,but it was made by myself.A.at lastB.at leastC.at timesD.at present20 . 2013 麗水】Before the bridge was built the river,the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.A.inB.besideC.acrossD.along21 .【2013 聊城】Don't ask him to study t

18、oo late in the night.,he is only a small child.A.As a result B.After allC.Best of allD.For example22 .【2013 荷澤】 Most of kids in our school enjoy pop songs,some hit songs on the Internet like The Coolest Ethnic Trend （最炫民族風(fēng)）.A.besidesB.includingC.exceptD.without23 .【2013 襄陽】-What do you often do clas

19、ses to relax yourselves.-We often do eye exercises,listen to music or do some running around the school.A.inB.amongC.between D.through24.12013 孝感】Students shouldn;t go to school breakfast.It's bad for their health.A.withB.withoutC.forD.by25.12013 廣州】I couldn't do it your great help.Thanks a

20、lot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to二、介詞填空1.Could you tell me something UFOs? I am really interested in it.2.I go to school eight o' clock.3.Gina ' s father is forty years old.1.1 can help you math.5 .The picture is the wall.6 .The windows are the wall.7 .Many students do homework pens8 .My birthday

21、 is February, 15th.9 .Children ' s Day is June.10 .What' s this Japanese?11 .Please come and see at our store yourself.12 .Many books are the bookcase.13 .A set of keys is the drawer.14 .My mirror（ 鏡子）is the dresser.15 .My shoes are the bed.16 .Tom usually plays ping-pong two hours17 .B is A

22、 C.18 .I go to school a backpack.19 .Please bring some books school.20 .We sell these bags sports$5.1.1 I buy two pairs of shoes$5022 .He often plays computer games the evening.23 .They usually play basketball Saturday morning.24 .This boy is the tree. It' s verydOngerous.（25 .There are many pea

23、rs the tree.26 .Here is a photo my family.27 .This is the map China.28 .The bank doesn ' t open Sunday.29 .My parents usually go to the park supper.30 .We have socks all colors.31 .Thanks your letter.32 .My father is strict me my study.1.1 I eat an egg breakfast,34 .He often does his homework ho

24、me.35 .The bank of China is front of the post office.36 .He usually watches football game TV.37.I really want go to the USA.38.I like coffee milk.39.It ' s not polite to talk girl' s age.40.It is very far（遠(yuǎn)）China America.三、閱讀練習(xí) 完形填空（共1 5小題，每小題l分;滿分15分）閱讀短文，掌握其大意，然后從 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選

25、項(xiàng)。Do you know that humans have been cleaning their teethfor over 7,000 years? According to the BBC, the AncientEgyptians used a type of toothpaste （ 牙膏）.21it is believedthat the Egyptians used a finger 22 atoothbrush to clean theirteeth .Chinese people may have . 23 the first toothbrush around1,600

26、BC.Your toothbrush, however, may have also become_24一 .Because it is now possible to clean our teeth 25usingour hands!Two Canadians, Adel Elseri and Said Fayad, have invented 26 called T2T or "tongue-to-teeth" Elseri sayshecame up with the idea 27 he was driving home after a longday at wor

27、k His 28 is a toothbrush that goes ontoyour tongue（舌）T2T has special edges （邊緣）and toothpaste .So just 29 your tongue over your teeth and it cleans your teeth just like atoothbrush 30! It will make your breath fresh tooElseri and Fayad made this hand-free toothbrush becausethey believed it was a _31

28、 way for someone to brush theirteeth. But people can only use the T2T 32.Would you use the tongue-to-teeth? The Huffington Postin the US 33 readers what they thought. Sixty-one percent saidthat they would use it while only thirty-nine percent said they 34. Personally I think I'm going to stickto

29、（堅(jiān)持用）the 35.21. A. SoB. ThenC. ButD. Or22. A. instead ofB .becauseof C .more thanD .less than23 A .discoveredB. developC .builtD. developed24 A. science B. historyC. problemD secret25. A byB. fromC. withoutD for26. A .nothingB. everythingC. anythingD .something27. A. untilB. whenC. sinceD .though28.

30、 A .ideaB. storyC. wordD plan29 A. holdB. pullC. moveD. check30 A isB.doesC. wasD. did31 A healthier B.easierC. harderD. longer32 A. againB.soonC onceD already33. A. toldB. askedC. warnedD. advised34. A. shouldn'tB .shouldC.wouldn'tD.would35. A fingerB toothbrushC. mouthD tongueBritish tenni

31、s player Andy Murray waited seven yearsbefore he could realize his Grand Slam （ 大滿貫）dream.OnSeptemberll, 2012, Murraybeatdefending champion（衛(wèi)冕冠軍）Novak Djokovic in the US Open final. The 25-year-oldfinally won his first ever Grand Slam trophy （ 獎(jiǎng)杯）since heturned professional （職業(yè)的）in 2005.It was a clo

32、se match that lasted four hours and 54 minutes. The two are good friends and Djokovic is only sevendays younger. Djokovic has won five titles （ 冠軍）while Murraywas the runner-up in his last four Grand Slam finals. Would hebe able to win a grand slam the fifth time of asking? EvenMurray himself was no

33、t sure."I was still doubting （懷疑）myself right up to a fewminutes before going on to play the match . I have been in thisposition many times and not tried hard to get through," he toldthe Daily Mail after his victory.But he did not think about his past disappointment （失望）too much. Instead, he fought through. "1 think just provingmyself is probably the most pleasing part about this match, " he said.The victory comes four weeks after Murray won a gold atthe London Oly