★仁愛版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

1、仁愛版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解（一）應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)（一）：時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,將來動(dòng)作要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示（不能用將來時(shí)），但主句時(shí)態(tài)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。1 .以 when, before , after , as soon as, until/till , while , as等引導(dǎo) 的是時(shí)間狀語從句；2 .以if , unless等引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。例如：I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。（不能說：shewill come.）If it doesn't ra

2、in, he will come here on time.如果不下 雨，他會(huì)按時(shí)來這兒的。（不能說：If It will not rain，）3 .以下三種情況通常表明從句是將來動(dòng)作：一、主句是一般將來時(shí)：如：When I grow up, I ' ll be a nurse and look after patients.我長(zhǎng)大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人。（不能說：When I will grow up,.） 二、主句是祈使句：如： Don' t laugh at me when I make a mistake. （不能 說：.when I will make .）我犯錯(cuò)誤

3、的時(shí)候不要笑話我。三、主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. （不 能說：.when you will be in the .） 在閱覽室時(shí)應(yīng)保持安靜。應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)（二）：when, while, as 的用法區(qū)別：1、When”當(dāng).時(shí)”可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可指時(shí)間段，從句中可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（長(zhǎng)），也 可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（短）.When I arrived home,she was cooking.我到家時(shí)她正在做飯。When she was cooking,I arrivedhome.她正在做飯時(shí)我至U家了。

4、She left when I arrived home.我到家時(shí)她走了。She finished her homework when she was at school.她在學(xué)校時(shí)就把作業(yè)做完了。2、While ”在 期間”總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段，從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(長(zhǎng)).While Jack was playing basketball was drawing pictures. 杰克 打籃球時(shí)我在畫畫。While Jack was playing basketball,Maria arrived.杰克正在打籃球時(shí) 瑪麗亞到了。While we were in Xi'an,we vi

5、sited some places of interest.我們?cè)谖靼财陂g去參觀了一些名勝古跡。3、as "一邊，一邊”，“隨著”多用于平行結(jié)構(gòu).表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生：一個(gè)主語同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作：一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)的變化而變化Tom sang songs as he walked.湯姆邊走路邊唱歌。The students took notes as they listened.學(xué)生們一邊聽課一邊做筆As it grew darker it became colder. 隨著天漸漸變黑，天氣也漸漸變4、表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的較長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作過程中,when,while,as均可使用.從

6、 句中為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用when和while.談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作可用 while ; 談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)平行動(dòng)作或兩種狀態(tài)變化多用 as.5、短動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)/ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，長(zhǎng)動(dòng)詞常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)(三)：take '花費(fèi)、spend '花費(fèi)、cost '花費(fèi)，pay '付款',buy '購(gòu)買 的 各種句型：一、spend的主語必須是人，表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢，有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) sb. spend time/money on sth. 某人在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/錢。(2) sb. spend time/ money (in) do

7、ing sth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間/ 錢做某事。例I spent two hours on this maths problem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小I例 They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造這座橋花了 他們兩年時(shí)間。、take表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間，主語是it ,句型為:It takes sb.十 時(shí)間 + to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間他們用了三年時(shí)間修例:It took them three years to build this road.完了這條路。三、cost通常表示花費(fèi)金錢,主語通常是物'或it ,句型為：sth

8、costs( sb) money某物花某人多少錢it costs(sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少錢sth costs money 某物值多少錢 (這句型costs通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))例This skirt cost her 100 yuan. 這條裙子她花100元買的。(這里的 cost是過去式)=She spent 100 yuan on this skirt. =She spent 100 yuan (in) buying this skirt.=She paid 100 yuan for this skirt.例 It cost him one million y

9、uan to build his house.他建房子花了100萬元。=He spent one million yuan (in) building his house.=He spent one million yuan on his house.例This car costs 500000 yuan.這輛車值50萬元。(這句型costs通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))四、pay '付款 的基本句型是：pay (sb.) money for sth. 買 付給某 人多少錢 例：I paid them 20 pounds for this shirt.我買這件襯衫付給他們20英磅。五、buy &#

10、39;買的句型：sth. for money.某人買某物花了多少錢 例如：Shebought the dress for 800 yuan.她買那件連衣裙花了 800 塊錢。=She paid800 yuan for the dress . =She spent 800 yuan on the dress . =She spent 800 yuan (in) buying the dress . =The dress cost her 800 yuan應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)(四):too, also, as well, either 的區(qū)別一、too,also,as well用于肯定句； eithe

11、r 用于否定句。He went there, too.=He also went there.=He went there as well.=He,too , went there.他也去了那里。He didn't go there ,either.他也沒去那里。二、too,either 和as well放在旬末，而also放在句中（be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng) 詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前）；too也可以放在句中，但必須在too的前、后都加上逗 號(hào)。如：He went there, too. = He,too , went there.My father is a mother is also

12、a teacher.=My father is a mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是.I can ' t speak can ' t speak French,either.我不會(huì)說法語，詹妮也不會(huì).（補(bǔ)充：如果as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和一一樣好”.因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English. ” 應(yīng)譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”.語意的重點(diǎn)依舊在前部，不在后半部.請(qǐng)注意：as

13、well as （ 除外，也）以下的用法：She called on you as well as I.不但我來看你，她也拜訪了你.She called on you as well as me .她不但拜訪了我，也拜訪了你.在下列句中,as well as 表示“像一樣”的涵義：She as well as you is an English teacher .她像你一樣也是英文教師.）應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)（五）：used to do 和 be/get used to doing的用法區(qū)別be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事，be可以用作各種時(shí)態(tài).be可以用get或 become等連系

14、動(dòng)詞替換。to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞(doing)used to do 過去常常(現(xiàn)在不做了)，只限于過去的含義.例如：1)I am used to going to school by bike now.我現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于騎自行車去上學(xué)。2)Mike used to eat with knife and fork,but now he is used to eating with chopsticks.麥克過去用刀叉吃飯，現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于用筷子了。3)I used to smoke 。我以前抽煙(現(xiàn)在不抽)。4)I am used to getting up early.我(現(xiàn)在)習(xí)慣于早起。5)I

15、 used to play basketball after school, but now I don't.我過去放學(xué)后經(jīng)常去打籃球，但現(xiàn)在不打了。應(yīng)掌握的語法知識(shí)(六)：fail的用法(fail to do sth 表示沒能做成沒事，或者 fail in (doing) sth 表示做什么事失敗了)fail后面接動(dòng)詞+ing1 .表示“失敗”，通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。表示在某一方面失敗，通常用介詞 in c 如：He failed in business.他經(jīng)商失敗。He failed in everything he tried.他想的一切辦法都沒成功。2 .表示“(考試)不及格”，fail可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞(以及物動(dòng)詞為多見)，所以以下各例中fail 后的介詞in均可以省略：He failed (in) his driving-test.他駕駛考試沒及格She faile