虛擬語氣_公開課_精品課件_全

1、Learning goals1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ”4. Do some exercises about the 3th aim語氣語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助的語氣

2、用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(常用在條件狀語從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (常用在名詞性從句中)。簡言之，即：不是事實或不大可能發(fā)生的事情，就用虛擬語氣來表述虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑禾摂M語氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導的虛擬條件句引導的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣

3、的情況a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或有可能實現的有可能實現的, , 采用采用陳述語氣陳述語氣。b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的或幾乎無法實現的或幾乎無法實現的, , 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance, I will visit China again.if if真實條件句用于陳述語氣真實條件句用于陳述語氣, ,假設的情況很假設的情況很有可能發(fā)生有可能發(fā)生, ,其中其

4、中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if條件從句條件從句一般現在時一般現在時 主句主句will shall+動詞原形動詞原形情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形動詞原形What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I willwill sleep sleep at home at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow. tomorrow.if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的或幾虛擬的或幾乎無法實現的乎無法實現的, 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣

5、。 if 引導的虛擬條件句引導的虛擬條件句與與現在現在事實相反事實相反與與過去過去事實相反事實相反與與將來將來事實可能相反事實可能相反If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅別墅) for my parents.與與現在現在事實相反事實相反If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.與與現在現在事實相反事實相反 i

6、f虛擬條件句虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現在現在事實相事實相反的假反的假設設If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅別墅) for my parents.2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get

7、up a little later to get a better sleep.即：即：If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.與與過去過去事實相反事實相反If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.與與過去過去事實相反事實相反had got u

8、pcould have caught與與過去過去事實相反事實相反 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與過去過去事實相事實相反的假反的假設設If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞1. If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.h

9、ad got upcould have caught即：即：If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have doneIf I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 與與將來將來事實相反事實相反 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與將來將來事實事實相相反的假反的假設設1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、

10、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. 總結：if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現在現在事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與過去過去事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與將來將來事實相事實相反的假反的假設設1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主

11、語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形即：即：If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞即：即：If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原

12、形動詞原形（4+1）注意以下問題：注意以下問題： 1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句1. 錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現在現在事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與過去過去事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與將來將來事實相事實相反的假反的假設設1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)主語主語+wou

13、ld ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形即：即：If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞即：即：If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句（4+1）1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句即：即：if虛擬條件句與主句的時間不一致。虛擬條件句與主句的時間不

14、一致。1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你當時聽了我的話，現在就能完成這份工作了。如果你當時聽了我的話，現在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現在。）（從句說明過去，主句說明現在。）2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現在，主句說明過去。）（從句說明現在，主句說明過去。）3). If you had

15、nt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現在還住在危房里。房，很可能現在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現在。）（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現在。）2. 在虛擬條件句中，在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有如果條件句中有were, had（助動詞）或（助動詞）或should時，可使用倒裝時，可使用

16、倒裝結構，但結構，但if必須省略必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞否定詞not應置于主語之后，而不能與應置于主語之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成等縮略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。置于句首。 1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should ha

17、ve time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.(if省略省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句補充例句：補充例句： 要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not for lacking

18、 money, I would go travelling right now.= Were it not for lacking money, 與與過去過去事事實相反實相反與與現在現在事事實相反實相反But for 要不是要不是(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have takenpart in the sports meet.（副詞）（副詞）(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（連

19、詞）（連詞）直陳語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣直陳語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現現if引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。含蓄條件句含蓄條件句(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨立主格）（獨立主格）= If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可)consider

20、ation, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞）（連詞）直陳語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣(5) 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain, we would hav

21、e finished the work.=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it hadnt been for the rain, 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.A.were; wouldB. was; willC. had been; wouldD. is; willExercise A2. If

22、he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would followExercise C3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should live; would spendB. will live; should spend C. are living; should have spentD. will be living; would have

23、spentA4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillExercise tomorrowB5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have

24、 wonExercise B6. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A7T he weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If i

25、t had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedExercise Dhad rainednow8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. getExercise

26、 Botherwise9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. A. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had boughtExercise AbutLearning goals1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood2. Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Do some exercises abo

27、ut the grammar虛擬語氣的常考形式：虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導的虛擬條件句引導的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或有可能實現的有可能實現的, , 采用采用陳述語氣陳述語氣。b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的或幾乎無法實現的或幾乎無法實現的, , 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 總結：if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與

28、與現在現在事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與過去過去事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與將來將來事實相事實相反的假反的假設設1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形即：即：If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞即：即：If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)主

29、語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形（4+1）注意以下問題：注意以下問題： 1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 insist, order / command, suggest / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / require / request / askshould do ! should

30、do ! should do ! 二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 一一 “堅持堅持” (insist) , 二二“命令命令” (order, command) , 四四“建議建議” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) ,五五“要求要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do .或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done 賓語從句賓語從句我們建議我們建議Tom

31、 去休息一下。去休息一下。他堅持要我與他同行。他堅持要我與他同行。他們要求派他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。We suggested _ .He insisted _ .They requested (that) Tom _ .(that) Tom have a rest(that) I (should ) go with him(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in time2. 這些動詞

32、相對應的名詞性從句也用這些動詞相對應的名詞性從句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2. 這些動詞相對應的名詞性從句也用這些動

33、詞相對應的名詞性從句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion /

34、request (等等) that (should) do 主語從句主語從句 表語從句表語從句 同位語從句同位語從句 Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.3. wish 的賓語從句的賓語從句1. wish 的賓語的賓語

35、從句從句與現在事實相反與現在事實相反: 一般過去時一般過去時( be 用用were )與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時與將來事實相反與將來事實相反: would/could +V.原原 shouldI wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe w

36、ishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.could / would become 三三. 虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式:1. would rather 寧愿，但愿寧愿，但愿 sb did 與現在或將來與現在或將來情況相反情況相反sb had done 與過去情況相反與過去情況相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2

37、. as if / as though思考：思考：as if / as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句還是從句？主句還是從句？He behaves as if he_(own) the house.owned1). 1). 從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生 ( (可以可以理解成與現在事實相反理解成與現在事實相反) )He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.had been2).

38、2). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前 ( (可以可以理解成與過去事實相反理解成與過去事實相反) )He coughed (咳嗽咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。3). 3). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后 ( (可以可以理解成與將來事實相反理解成與將來事實相反) )總結總結as if / as though與現在事實相反與現在事實相反: 一般過去時一般過去時( be 用用were )與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時 與將來事實

39、相反與將來事實相反: would/could + V.原原 (了解了解) should與與 wish 的賓語從句相似的賓語從句相似3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是時候是時候. (做某事做某事)” 注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是時候采取措施來保護環(huán)境了。是時候采取措施來保護環(huán)境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你該走了。你該走了。 Its (h

40、igh / about) time that you went / should go.4. 在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應如此等意義的在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理應如此的理應如此的) / important + that sb (should) do1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來參加真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來參加party。 Its _

41、 that she _ to come to the party.3). 鳥在樹上安歇鳥在樹上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( should ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest5. If only ! 要是要是就好了就好了If only與現在事實相反與現在事實相反: 一般過去時一般過去時( be 用用were )與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時If only it stopped raining now!If only we had

42、 followed your advice!總結總結 wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虛擬時的共同點是：表虛擬時的共同點是： 時態(tài)往后退一步，同時態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句四四. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 1. 本本想想/打算打算做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 2. 本本應該應該做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 3. 本本不該不該做某事卻做了做某事卻做了 4. 本本能夠能夠做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 5. 寧愿寧愿過去過去做了某事卻沒做做了某事卻沒做 6. 最好最好過去過去做了某事卻沒做做了某事卻沒做 7. 本本不必不必做某

43、事卻做了做某事卻做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/ couldnt have done過去肯定發(fā)生了過去肯定發(fā)生了過去可能發(fā)生了過去可能發(fā)生了過去不可能發(fā)生過去不可能發(fā)生1. insist, suggest2. as if/though3. if五五. 可用可

44、不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，用不同的語氣各有兩種意思，用不同的語氣insist : “堅決堅決/持要求持要求”用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣,即即 should do;insist : “堅持認為堅持認為, 堅持說堅持說”用陳述語氣用陳述語氣suggest : “建議建議”用虛擬語氣，用虛擬語氣，即即should do;suggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陳述語氣用陳述語氣1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face

45、suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他堅持說他沒偷鉆石，應該立刻被釋放。他堅持說他沒偷鉆石，應該立刻被釋放。(should) practiseis(should) gethadnt stolen as if / as though When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條