初中英語(yǔ)介詞講解及練習(xí)_百度文庫(kù)

1、初中英語(yǔ)介詞講解與練習(xí)題一、 表示時(shí)間的常用介詞表示時(shí)間的常用介詞有 at ,in, after, until, by, before, during.1、 at 多用于表示具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前, 所表示的時(shí)間大多比較短暫, 如:at seven, at a quarter o one; 也 可用于固定短語(yǔ)搭配中, 如:at noon, at night2、 in 表示一段時(shí)間, 如:年、 月、 日、 世紀(jì)、 四季或泛指一天的上午、 下午、 晚上等。 如:in the twenty-first century 在 21世紀(jì), in autumn 在秋天, in the moring 在早上;還可用

2、于表示 “ 從現(xiàn)在起,多長(zhǎng)時(shí) 間以后或多久以后 ” 的短語(yǔ)。They will finish the work in an hour. 一個(gè)小時(shí)以后他們將完成這項(xiàng)工作。3、 on 主要用于表示星期幾,具體某一天活某一天的早、午、晚或用在節(jié)日前。On Mid-autumn Day 在中秋節(jié), on June 1st 在 6月 1號(hào)4、 since,from ,for(1since 指從某時(shí)一直延續(xù)至今,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),主句用完成時(shí)。He has studied English since 2000. 他從 2000年久已經(jīng)開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。(2 from 說(shuō)明開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,謂語(yǔ)可用過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的某種時(shí)

3、態(tài)。From now on, I will learn English in the morings. 從今以后我將在早晨學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(3 for 指動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程,后接時(shí)間段,主句用完成時(shí)。I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué) 6年英語(yǔ)了。5、 (1 after 表示以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)的某一段時(shí)間之后,用于過(guò)去時(shí)。They finished the work after two years. 他們?cè)趦赡曛笸瓿闪诉@項(xiàng)工作。(2 after 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。I will ring you up after two oclock.

4、兩點(diǎn)之后我將給你打電話。6、 “by +時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 表示 “ 到 為止 ” , 如果 by 后加 “ 將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí); 如果 by 后跟一個(gè) 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last year.到上個(gè)學(xué)期為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了 1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。7、 “during+時(shí)間段 ” 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示某期間的動(dòng)作。He lives with us during these years. 這些年我們一起住。8、 until 用于否定句中, 意為 “ 知道 才 ” , 其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用瞬間

5、性動(dòng)詞; 用在肯定句中, 意為 “ 知 道 為止 ” ,其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。I dont go to bed until my mother came home. 直到我媽媽回家,我才睡覺(jué)。I waited for my mother until she came home. 我等我媽知道她回家為止。9、 before 與 after 表示時(shí)間,分別意為 “ 在 . 之前 ” 和 “ 在 . 之后 ” 。Please bring your homework before ten oclock. 請(qǐng)?jiān)?10點(diǎn)鐘之前,帶來(lái)你的作業(yè)。二、 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞。1、 in, on , to 的用

6、法。in 表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位 (屬于該范圍 ;to 表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位 (不屬于該范圍 ; on 表示與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系。Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 臺(tái)灣位于中國(guó)的東南部。 (范圍之內(nèi)Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東邊。 (范圍之外,不接壤Korea is on the east of China. 朝向毗鄰中國(guó)的東邊。 (毗鄰2、 over,above 和 on 的用法(1 over 指 “ 在 . 正上方 ” ,表垂直在上。There is a bridge over the river

7、. 河上有座橋。(2 above 指 “ 在上方 ” ,屬于斜上方。Raise your arms above your head. 把你的胳膊舉到頭上。(2 on 指 “ 在上面 ” ,表兩物體接觸。There is a plate on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)盤子。3、 at, in ,on的區(qū)別(1 at 表示較小的地點(diǎn)。 at the bus stop, at home(2 in 表示較大的地點(diǎn)。 in China, in the world(3 on 表示在一個(gè)平面上。 On the farm 在農(nóng)場(chǎng)4、 in front of 和 in the front of(1in

8、 front of 表式 “ 在 . 之前 ” (范圍內(nèi)There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些樹。 (教室外面的前面(2 in the front of表示 “ 在 . 的前部 ” (范圍內(nèi)Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我們的老師經(jīng)常坐在教室的前面。 (教室里面的前面(3 before 所表示的位置關(guān)系和 in front of 通用,表示 “ 在 前 ” “ 在 . 前面 ”He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。5、 below

9、,underBelow 表示 “ 在下方或位置低于 .” ,不一定有垂直在下之意; under 表示 “ 在 . 正下方。There are many bikes under the tree. 在樹下有很多自行車。The coat reaches below the knees. 這件大衣一直到膝蓋先。三、 be made/ used之后介詞的選擇1、 be made 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)(1 be made of 在某地制造(2 be made of 和 be made from 都可以表示 “ 有 . 制成 “ , 但 be made of 強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上能看出原材料, 而 be made from

10、則表示從成品上看不出原材料。(3 be made into 被制成 (4 be made after 仿照 . 制成(5 be made up of 由 . 組成2、 be used 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)(1 be used to =become used to習(xí)慣于(做 , 后接名詞,代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。(2 be used to 被用來(lái)做 , 后接動(dòng)詞原形(3 be used for 意義相當(dāng)于 be used to do, 但 for 后接動(dòng)名詞形式(4 be used as 被當(dāng)作 . 來(lái)使用(5 be used by 被 . 使用(6 used to 過(guò)去常常,后接動(dòng)詞原形。易混點(diǎn)清單1、 in

11、和 on 的區(qū)別On the tree 表示枝、葉、果實(shí)等長(zhǎng) “ 在樹上 ”In the tree 表示人或其他東西 “ 在樹上 ” 。On the wall 表示東西粘貼或掛 “ 在墻上 ” 。In the wall 表示門、窗等嵌 “ 在墻上 ” 。2、 between 和 among 的區(qū)別between 常指 “ 在 兩者之間 ”; among指在 (三者或三者以上的人或物之間 ”如果把三者以上的人或事物分別看待,指每?jī)烧咧g,也可用 between.Mary sits between Lucy and Lily.Jim stands among his classmates.You

12、shouldn't eat between meals.3、 across,through ,over,past的區(qū)別Across 和 through 都用于表示 “ 穿過(guò), 越過(guò) ” 。 Across 含有 “ 從 表面穿過(guò) ” 之意。 或指沿某一條線的方 向驚醒的動(dòng)作,表示游渡、乘船過(guò)海或過(guò)河時(shí)用 across; through 含有 “ 從 . 中間穿過(guò) ” 之意; over 多指 在空間范圍上 “ 超過(guò) ” ;而 past 指經(jīng)過(guò)。He can swim across the river. 他可以游過(guò)這條河。 、She had to push her way through t

13、he crowed to get to her son.她必須撥開(kāi)人群到達(dá)她兒子身邊。The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.飛機(jī)從東南部的群山上飛過(guò)。They walked past a tall tree. 他們路過(guò)一棵大樹。4、 in ,with,和 by 表示 “ 用 ” 時(shí)的區(qū)別In 主要表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、原材料等, with 表示用具體有形的東西; by 表示用 . 手段或方式,后常 接動(dòng)名詞。Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英語(yǔ)唱這首歌嗎?I write my h

14、omework with a pen. 我用一支剛筆寫我的作業(yè)。The girl made money by selling flowers. 這個(gè)女孩以買花為生。5、 but, besides, 和 except 的區(qū)別but 表示 “ 除 . 之外 ” ,常與含否定意義的詞連用,當(dāng) but 前有動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí), but 后接動(dòng)詞原形; except表示 “ 除 . 之外(不再有 ” ,指從整體中排除 except 所帶的人或物,前面常有 all,every,any,no 及其他復(fù) 合詞,但在否定句中, except 卻沒(méi)有排斥性; besides 表示 “ 除 . 之外(還有 ” ,它的意

15、思是在原來(lái)的基 礎(chǔ)上加上 besides 除外的人或物,其前常有 other,another,any other,a few 等詞。We can di nothing but wait. 除了等我們什么也做不了。All the students go go the zoo except Jim. 除了 Jim , 所有的學(xué)生都去動(dòng)物園了。I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外,我還有幾個(gè)好朋友。6、 at 和 to 表行為對(duì)象時(shí)的區(qū)別at 與某些動(dòng)詞連用,表攻擊的目標(biāo),含有某種程度的惡意; to 只表示方向,無(wú)惡意。Dont laugh at

16、others. Its impolite. 不要嘲笑別人,那是不禮貌的。She came to me and shook my hands warmly. 她向我走來(lái)并且熱情地跟我握手。7、 of sb.與 for sb.的區(qū)別(1 of sb.“ 對(duì)于(某人 ” , 用與 It is +adj. +sb. to do sth. 句型中,形容詞尾 clever,kind,nice 等描述人物 性格特征的詞, of 后的人物與形容詞有主表關(guān)系。It's very kind of you to help the old man. 你幫助那位老人真是太好了。(2 for sb. “ 對(duì)于(某

17、人 “ ,用于 It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth. 句型中,形容詞為 easy,important 等不描述 人物性格特征的詞, for 后的人物與形容詞沒(méi)有主表關(guān)系。It is important for us to study hard. 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)努力學(xué)習(xí)很重要。8、 to 的兩種用法區(qū)別to 既是介詞又是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)時(shí),后面跟動(dòng)詞原形;是介詞時(shí),后面跟名詞、 代詞或動(dòng)名詞。下列含有 to 的詞組中 to 都是介詞,在使用時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意,如果它們后面跟的是動(dòng)詞,則 用動(dòng)名詞形式。p ay attention to , make a contrib

18、ution to , according to, ge used to ., prefer.to , look forward to .強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1.If you get on well _ your classmates , you ll enjoy your school life more.A.to B.at C.with D.in2.Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai_April 29 to work for theWorld Expo.A.on B.at C.of D.to3.What time do you expect

19、me back ,Mum?-Say,_half an hour.A.at B.before C.in D.for4.Connie arrived_the village_a snowy night.A.at;on B.at;in C.in;at D.in;on5.The food_my country is quite different_ that here.A.in;like B.to;from C.from;to D.in;from6.Linda s teacher was so mad_her because she made lots of mistakes in the test.

20、 A.at B.in C.on D.about7.Xiao Shenyang is so popular_us.-Yeah,he is one of my favorite pop stars.A. for B.to C.with D.on8.Please call hot line_12345 for help if you have any problem.A.under B.at C.as D.in根據(jù)提示完成句子。9.People_(超過(guò) eighteen can join Oxfam Trailwalker.10.We Chinese People are not_(害怕 any d

21、ifficulty.11.The lake lies_(在······之間 the two villages.12.I d like to listen music_(而不是 surfing on line.介詞練習(xí) ( 2 ( 1. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on( 2. _ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the cit

22、y had a big party. A. To B. In C. At D. On( 3. We all agree _ you. Lets start at once.A. to B. for C. with D. on( 4. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. besides B. about C. except D. with( 5. Does your father go to work, _ foot or _ bike?A. on; with ( B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by 6. Lucy was _

23、duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom. A. in B. on C. at D. of ( 7. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat ( 8. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shangha

24、i Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood. A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to; for ( 9. He has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _. A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to ( 10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by ( 11. How are you go

25、ing to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there _ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on ( 12. Andy often helps her mother _ the housework on Sunday afternoon. A. to B. with C. for D. of ( 13. Youd better not go out now. its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C

26、. with D. off ( 14. English is widely used _ travelers and business people all over the world. A. to ( B. for C. as D. by 15. My sister usually thinks _ her own language first. Then she turns her words into English. A. by B. in C. with D. through ( 16. Its kind _ you to come to see me. -Its a pleasu

27、re. You were so kind _ me. A. of; with B. for; with C. of; to D. for; to ( 17. Is the manager in? -Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _ three oclock. A. in B. on C. until D. before ( 18. _ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper. A. At B. Before C. Since D. By ( 19.

28、 In China, the price of TV sets has been reduced _ 30% in the last three years. A. on B.by C. with D. for ( 20. When you called on me, I was _ a visit to Mr Smith. A. on B. at C. in D. to ( 21. Bob, you are wanted _ the phone. Thanks a lot. A. on B. by C. of D. for ( 22. The soil is made _ the dead

29、leaves of the trees. A. up of B. of C. from D. by ( 23. I didnt have any breakfast _ a cup of milk. A. besides ( B. except for C. except D. for 24. Were sure youll be famous _ a writer before long. A. as B. for C. with D. by ( 25. The writer often sat up far into the night working _ a new novel. A.

30、for B. on C. with D. in ( 26. You look tired. _ working indoors you should be out for a walk. A. Ahead of B. Instead of C. In front of D. In spite of ( 27. You must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus. A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for ( 28. Man landed on the moon in 1969 for the first time. Have you ever he