英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 以及部分否定

1、英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 “I dont think he is a good doctor.” 翻譯：我認(rèn)為他不是個好醫(yī)生。I dont think you will have any difficulty in finding the boys dormitory.翻譯：我認(rèn)為你找到男生宿舍不會有困難。否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主句動詞在語義上可分為兩類：A:表示看法的動詞： be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think，fancy，guess，should say等表示主觀意見和猜想的動詞在句中作謂語時，按習(xí)慣其賓語從句的否

2、定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。如：   1. I didnt think I have seen you before.   2. She didnt imagine that we would say anything.B:表示感覺的動詞：在seem，feel，taste，sound，appear，look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if作聯(lián)系動詞的句子中，特別是seem，按習(xí)慣以它的否定來代替其他部分的否定。例如：1. The baby doesnt  appear to be a

3、wake.2. It doesnt look （看起來） like its（天不會）going to rain.3English doesn't seem easy to learn. 英語好像不容易學(xué)。4It didn't seem during those years that there could be anyone else who might share my own peculiar tastes. 在那些年月里，似乎沒有人會有我這樣的特殊情趣。類似的情況還有半助動詞happen。例如：He didn't happen to be at home. 他碰巧

4、不在家。C:以because引導(dǎo)的從句或because of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語在句中作原因狀語時，其否定常常轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：1I don't teach because teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others. ( I teach not because neither because) 我當(dāng)教師，并不是因為我覺得教書輕松也不是因為我認(rèn)為自己能夠解答各種問題，或者因為

5、我有滿腹學(xué)問，覺得非與別人分享不可。2.I didn't go there because of his request. (I went there not because of his request.) 我不是因為他的要求而去的。在有些情況下，否定顯然是在主句，而不在從句，并未轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I couldn't concentrate because I was so hungry, because I hadn't had my breakfast. 我無法集中精力，因為我很餓，因為我沒有吃早飯。有時，特指否定和一般否定界線不明，因而產(chǎn)生歧義。例如：I didn&

6、#39;t go because I was afraid. 特指否定：我去了，但不是因為我害怕。一般否定：我沒有去，因為我害怕。當(dāng)句子是一般否定時，為避免歧義，在口頭表達(dá)時，需在because前稍作停頓。在書面表達(dá)時，可在because前用逗號將從句和主句分開。例如：He didn't go to school, because he was ill. 他沒去上學(xué)，因為他病了。D:不轉(zhuǎn)移否定的幾種情況在以下特殊情況中，即使有允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，也不能將其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 1. I think是插入語，可看作與其他部分無關(guān)時。如： I wish you were here, then

7、, I think, I should not feel like this.2. 主句中有情態(tài)動詞cant, mustnt, wouldnt等時。如： I cant believe that they are married. You mustnt think hes stupid. 3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短語的關(guān)系而把I think隔離時。如： I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.“I think the angel

8、 is not at all in heaven.” Redmond said.4.由于受not justbut, just notenough, not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短語的影響，也不便把其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如： I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定詞時。

9、如：I should think you never have seen many.I thought it explained nothing.英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。 I don't think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。 I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you

10、weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。3) 有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否

11、定動名詞短語 having) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Ari

12、stotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著迷。但是屬于下列情況的卻不用進行否定轉(zhuǎn)移1.主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時或過去完成時時。例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他

13、認(rèn)為幫助湯姆不是他的責(zé)任。I had thought that he would not come.我原以為他不回來呢。2.主句的謂語動詞為過去進行時時。例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。 We were thinking they could not receive our demands.我們在想他們不可能接受我們的要求。3、主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時時。例如：We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會再麻煩你了。 I

14、have been thinking that the sky wont fall down.我相信天不會塌下來。4、當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時，一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 Why do you think we cant change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我們換不開你的鈔票呢？ Do you think my mother wouldnt permit this? 你認(rèn)為我媽媽不會答應(yīng)嗎？5、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用時，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認(rèn)為我不適合這項工作。 You ca

15、nt think how glad I am to see you. 你無法想象我見到你是多么高興。6、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞與狀語連用時，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如： I didnt think that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的。 I really think you neednt worry about him.我真認(rèn)為你沒必要為他擔(dān)心。7、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞被加強語氣的助動詞do, does, did修飾時，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實認(rèn)為她這么說是明智的.I do believe sh

16、e doesnt tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒有撒謊。8、當(dāng)賓語從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時，否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： We all think that she is a person for nothing.我們都認(rèn)為她是一個不中用的人。 I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來不撒謊。9、當(dāng)賓語從句中含有not at all, not a bit, notenough, cant help doing等一些固定詞組時，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點也不累。

17、 I think I cant help laughing if I see it.我想我看見它時會忍不住大笑。英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移英語中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。 I don't think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。 I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you weren'

18、;t ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。3) 有時將動名詞，介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 ha

19、ving) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle sa

20、id so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著迷。但是屬于下列情況的卻不用進行否定轉(zhuǎn)移1.主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時或過去完成時時。例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他認(rèn)為幫助湯姆不是他

21、的責(zé)任。I had thought that he would not come.我原以為他不回來呢。2.主句的謂語動詞為過去進行時時。例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。 We were thinking they could not receive our demands.我們在想他們不可能接受我們的要求。3、主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時時。例如：We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會再麻煩你了。 I have been

22、 thinking that the sky wont fall down.我相信天不會塌下來。4、當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時，一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 Why do you think we cant change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我們換不開你的鈔票呢？ Do you think my mother wouldnt permit this? 你認(rèn)為我媽媽不會答應(yīng)嗎？5、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞與情態(tài)動詞連用時，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認(rèn)為我不適合這項工作。 You cant think

23、how glad I am to see you. 你無法想象我見到你是多么高興。6、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞與狀語連用時，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如： I didnt think that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的。 I really think you neednt worry about him.我真認(rèn)為你沒必要為他擔(dān)心。7、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動詞被加強語氣的助動詞do, does, did修飾時，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實認(rèn)為她這么說是明智的.I do believe she doesnt

24、tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒有撒謊。8、當(dāng)賓語從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時，否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： We all think that she is a person for nothing.我們都認(rèn)為她是一個不中用的人。 I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來不撒謊。9、當(dāng)賓語從句中含有not at all, not a bit, notenough, cant help doing等一些固定詞組時，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點也不累。 I think

25、I cant help laughing if I see it.我想我看見它時會忍不住大笑。英語部分否定的七種表示方法 英語中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法：一、 all 的否定式：not all(或：allnot)表示"并非都"、"不是所有的都"例如：Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都會長得很高。二、 both 的否定式：notboth (或：both not) &

26、quot;并非兩個都" 例如：I don't want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開著。三、 every的否定式："不是每都" 例如：Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花并不是隨處可見的。四、 always的否定式："并非總是(并非一直)" 例如：He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全"，"并非完全" 例如：The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全滿意。I don