五種基本句型講解與練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)五中基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)英文縮寫(xiě)例句常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞備注主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)S+VThe boy laughed. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語(yǔ)，但可跟時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)S+V+DOHe plays the violin very well. 這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)S+V+PShe is a doctor.be, keep, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, fall, get這里的動(dòng)詞都為連系動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)S+V+

2、IO+DOI gave her a present.give, bring, show, pass, buy, make, tell, ask, get, teach, write, sing, lend, hand, sell, cost, pay通常情況下，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)需要，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)S+V+DO+OCWe call him Jack. think, keep, make, name, call, see, hear, watch, help, let, tell, ask, paint,

3、 leave 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)部分可以為形容詞，名詞，不定式等形式 句子的基本句型由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等句子成分，按不同方式可組合成五種基本句型。句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主語(yǔ)；V: Verb動(dòng)詞；O: Object賓語(yǔ)；P: Predicative表語(yǔ)；IO: Indirect Object間接賓語(yǔ)；DO：Direct Object 直接賓語(yǔ)OC: Object Complement賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)； 第一種句型：主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后當(dāng)然不能接賓語(yǔ)，但是可以用狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整 個(gè)句子。He runs fast in the s

4、treet.他在街上跑得飛快。The meeting begins at nine.會(huì)議九點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。第二種句型：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+DO)該句型所用動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，可作賓語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或短語(yǔ)及從句。 We attended the meeting.我們出席了那次會(huì)議。(名詞作賓語(yǔ))She stopped him.她叫住了他。(代詞作賓語(yǔ))She wants to ask a question.她要問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(不定式作賓語(yǔ))They enjoy listening to the classic music.他們喜歡聽(tīng)古典音樂(lè)。(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))注意：一些不及物動(dòng)詞之后

5、加上介詞就可以具有及物動(dòng)詞的功能，其后就可以接賓語(yǔ)了。這一類(lèi)詞組有：listen to 聽(tīng)；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 尋找；arrive at/in 到達(dá)等。May I turn on the light?我可以開(kāi)燈嗎?What are you looking for?你在找什么?第三種句型：主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)連系動(dòng)詞的后面必須接表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況和狀態(tài)。通?？勺鞅碚Z(yǔ)的是名詞或形容詞。She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成為了一名律師。He is honest.他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。It is getting c

6、older and colder.天氣漸漸冷了。It tastes delicious.這好吃極了。 下列動(dòng)詞也作連系動(dòng)詞使用 ：look 看起來(lái)；smell 聞起來(lái)；sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái)；taste 嘗起來(lái)；feel 感覺(jué)；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn變得。第四種句型：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)(1)賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，但某些動(dòng)詞，除直接賓語(yǔ)外，還要求一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，以表示該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的人或物，通常由名詞或代詞 的賓格擔(dān)任。She gave me a ticket for that film.她給了

7、我一張那部電影的票。Please pass me the salt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我(2)通常情況下，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)需要，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for。I will bring the book(賓,直接) to you next time. (賓,間接)（=I will bring you the book next time.）我下次把那本書(shū)給你帶來(lái)。He promised a motorbike (賓,直接) to her. (賓,間接)(=He promised her a motorbike.)他答應(yīng)給她買(mǎi)一輛摩托車(chē)。Mother

8、 bought a new bag (賓,直賓) for him.(賓,間賓)(=Mother bought him a new bag.)媽媽給他買(mǎi)了一個(gè)新書(shū)包。She sang several songs (賓,直賓) for them. (賓,間賓)(=She sang them several songs.)她為他們唱了幾首歌。Please pass (謂)the salt (賓,直接)to me. (賓,間接）請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。注意：帶特殊疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作直接賓語(yǔ)是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+DO+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式She told me

9、 how to understand the article.她告訴我怎樣理解這篇文章。They wanted to know where to solve the problem.他們想要知道哪里能夠解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。The boy asked her why to do so.那孩子問(wèn)她為什么這么做。I asked him which one to choose.我問(wèn)他選擇哪一個(gè)。第五種句型：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+DO+OC) (1)有些及物動(dòng)詞，只接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)加以說(shuō) 明 ，使意思完整。這樣的賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)又稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，可以由名

10、詞、形容詞和不定式來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。They named the girl Susan.他們給這個(gè)女孩起名叫蘇姍。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))He found her frustrated.他覺(jué)得她有些沮喪。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))I saw them perform on the stage.我看見(jiàn)他們?cè)谂_(tái)上表演。(不定式作賓補(bǔ))(2)一些使役性動(dòng)詞如make, let, have和一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞如see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省去“to”。We all made him play the violin.我們都要求他演奏小提琴。I saw

11、 him enter the room.我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)屋了。He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)女人在那邊一棵樹(shù)下哭。必背：記住下面是一些常用的要求復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：elect (選舉), name, call, make, find, think, leave。We'll make him monitor.我們要選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。She found the boy very funny.她覺(jué)得這個(gè)孩子非?；?。He left the door open and hid behind the door.他讓門(mén)開(kāi)著，然后藏在門(mén)后邊。比較

12、：雙賓語(yǔ)句型與復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)句型的區(qū)別它們之間最主要的區(qū)別是：復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，但雙賓 語(yǔ)則沒(méi)有這種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：We call him (賓) Jack.(賓補(bǔ))我們叫他杰克。(這里賓語(yǔ)him和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Jack具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即“他就是杰克” ，這樣Jack就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))He bought her (直賓) a bike.(間賓)他給她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。(賓語(yǔ)her和后面的詞a bike不能形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不能想像“她是車(chē)”，因此，該句為雙賓語(yǔ)句型。 把下列句子按照五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)歸類(lèi)：1. Your food looks delicious.2.

13、 Can I have some?3. No one will look after you.4. She looked like a white mouse.5. We called her Xi Wang.6. She started to eat bamboo shoots and leaves.7. Giant pandas are in danger now.8. People find baby pandas alone.9. The government can make giant panda reserves bigger.10. The government should

14、build more reserves.11. The government should encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves.12. Farmers shouldnt work in giant panda reserves.13. Amy became interested in animals.14. The number is getting smaller and smaller.15. The study begins next month.16. Many people do not understand the

15、 importance of the wetlands.17. This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife.18. Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.19. The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.20. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. 翻譯下列句子，并指出句子類(lèi)型：1.在觀察期間你說(shuō)話聲音必須很輕。2.他

16、告訴我們不要發(fā)出噪音。3.太陽(yáng)明亮地照耀著。4.你可以近距離地觀察這些鳥(niǎo)。5.動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)員禮貌地向我們打著招呼。6.他生氣地看著我。7.他們興奮得喊著。8.這個(gè)孩子不誠(chéng)實(shí)。9.David教我們英語(yǔ)。10.這個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)給了野生生物一個(gè)理想的家園。11.他經(jīng)常給我們講故事。12.突然，張華聽(tīng)到有人大喊“著火啦”。13.他總是使我很開(kāi)心。14.人們都叫他Jim。15.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的文章很有趣。16.我認(rèn)為對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)有必要研究不同種類(lèi)的鳥(niǎo)。 江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：( ) 1. I find this computer game _ to play. (09無(wú)錫) A. enough easy

17、 B. easy enough C. enough easily D. easily enough( ) 2. I think _ necessary for us to solve. A. it B. that C. its D. thats( ) 3. Mum! The fish tastes _. Could I have some more? (2010南通) A. terrible B. wonderful C. terribly D. wonderfully( ) 4. The talk show on TV is very popular. It often makes peop

18、le _. (2010鹽城) A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed( ) 5. You cannot sneeze and keep your eyes _ at the same time. (2010宿遷) A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening( ) 6. -Have you ever heard the song Welcome to Beijing? (2010泰州) -Yes, it _ nice. A. hears B. sounds C. looks D. listens( ) 7. The

19、girls voice sounds _. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. (2008淮安) A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully( ) 8. -Do you like the English song Big Big World? -Yes. It _ very beautiful. (2008宿遷) A. feels B. hears C. listens D. sounds Keys:把下列句子按照五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)歸類(lèi)：S+V1. Farmers shouldnt work in gi

20、ant panda reserves.2. The study begins next month. S+V+DO1.Can I have some?2. No one will look after you.3. She looked like a white mouse.4. She started to eat bamboo shoots and leaves.5.The government should build more reserves.6. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. S+V+P1

21、. Your food looks delicious.2. Giant pandas are in danger now.3. Amy became interested in animals.4. The number is getting smaller and smaller. S+V+IO+DO1. The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.2. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. S+V+DO+OC1. We called her Xi Wang.2. People find ba

22、by pandas alone.3. The government can make giant panda reserves bigger.4. The government should encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves.5. This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife.6. Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife. 翻譯下列句子，并指出句子類(lèi)型：1. You must talk