非謂語動詞的考查難點

1、非謂語動詞 一.定義：非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，即動詞的非謂語形式。 二.分類：動詞不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞。非謂語動詞的考查難點1.分詞、不定式作賓補的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分分詞、不定式作賓補的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表被動，不定式與感觀動詞搭配表已做。詞表被動，不定式與感觀動詞搭配表已做。例：I heard him sing an English song just now.(唱了) I heard him singing an English when I passed by.(正唱) I heard an English song being sung

2、when I passed by. (正被唱)2.分詞、不定式作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進行，分詞、不定式作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進行，過去分詞表被動或完成，不定式作后置定語，表將來或目過去分詞表被動或完成，不定式作后置定語，表將來或目的。的。例：The questions being discussed now are important.(正被) The questions to be discussed tomorrow are important.(將被)3.動名詞、不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：部分動詞只用動名詞做賓語動名詞、不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：部分動詞只用動名詞做賓語(口訣略口訣略

3、)，部分動詞用兩者皆可，部分動詞用兩者皆可，forget, remember, regret, stop, go on, try, mean, cant help, need, require, want用兩用兩者的意義不同。者的意義不同。4. 分詞、不定式作狀語的區(qū)別：動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系時分詞、不定式作狀語的區(qū)別：動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系時用過去分詞，不定式表目的、結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系時用過去分詞，不定式表目的、結(jié)果或原因?；蛟?。例：Helen had to shout to make herself heard.(目的) Im glad to see

4、you.(原因) Taken good care of, the baby is happy and healthy.(被動) Having lived there for years, the old lady wouldnt move.（主動） 5.用用only to do不定式表示結(jié)果與預(yù)期不符。不定式表示結(jié)果與預(yù)期不符。 例：He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left. 6.不定式可修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或不定式可修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any等限定的等限定的中心詞。中心詞。 例：The

5、last one to arrive paid the meal. 7.Its said that sb. do變形為變形為sb. be said to do 例：The Browns are said to go on vacation in Hawaii soon. 8.Its adj. (for sb.) to do sth.變形為變形為 sth. be adj. (for sb.) to do. （for sb.省略）省略） 例：This kind of fish is nice to eat. 9.不定式在不定式在there be句型中作定語，強調(diào)做事的人時用主動，句型中作定語，強調(diào)

6、做事的人時用主動，強調(diào)事物時用被動。強調(diào)事物時用被動。 例：There is a lot of work to do/to be done. 10.在下列句型中注意不定式的在下列句型中注意不定式的to的情況：的情況： We can do nothing but/other than wait. He had no choice but to wait. I dont know what to do. All we can do is to wait. 11.獨立成分作狀語，固定用法不考慮動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，有獨立成分作狀語，固定用法不考慮動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，有g(shù)enerally/frankly/hon

7、estlyspeaking, judging from/by, considering/ takinginto consideration, to tell you the truth, seeing, supposing, saving, assuming, admitting, given, provided (that), compared to/with等等。 12. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是自帶邏輯主語的非謂語動詞作的狀語，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是自帶邏輯主語的非謂語動詞作的狀語，動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，表被動用過去動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，表被動用過去分詞分詞,表未做用不定式

8、。表未做用不定式。 例：Weather permitting, we will visit you this weekend. 13.It is/was no use/good doing sth.表做某事沒用、沒好處。表做某事沒用、沒好處。 例：例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 14.分詞作狀語時的形式由其與邏輯主語的關(guān)系及與謂語動分詞作狀語時的形式由其與邏輯主語的關(guān)系及與謂語動詞的時間順序決定詞的時間順序決定。與主語關(guān)系與主語關(guān)系主動主動被動被動被動與謂語關(guān)系與謂語關(guān)系同時先于同時先于形式形式doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done 例：例：Seeing that she was sleepy, I asked to leave. Having been told to work overtime that day, I missed a film. 命題