中英文翻譯土木R101李成武

1、外文原文Research on software development platform based on SSHframework structureAbstractThe research of software development platform is a complex system engineering. For the current problems in the field of Web application development, use computer related technology, combine with the more popular ope

2、n source framework SSH, research the software development platform that based on SSH framework construction. Based on the analysis of the existing problems of software development, emphatically studies the key techniques of SSH framework platform, including the presentation layer framework Struts, b

3、usiness logic framework Spring, data persistence layer framework Hibernate, J2EE framework integrated the new SSH and so on. The research content of this article applied to large Web program development enterprise, it makes for promoting productivity and improving software quality, and has an import

4、ant significant to promote the development of software industry in China.© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of CEIS 2011Keywords: SSH framework; software development platform; Struts; Spring; Hibernate;1. IntroductionThe development of large ente

5、rprise-class Web application system usually requires a good software architecture to facilitate the collaborative development expansion and upgrading, but the traditional development model can't meet these requirements. For the current problems in the field of Web application development, follow

6、ing the principles and methods of systems engineering, comprehensive use software engineering, database systems, computer networks, object-oriented technology, and software automatic generation platform based on B/S structure of Java framework, to help developers build a Web application system of cl

7、ear structure, good reusability and easy maintenance in the short term.The design idea is running by the front end program that front large databases supported, the code of software development automatically complete by computer, programmers don't need to master Java and database technology will

8、 be able to develop better software systems. Translate the traditional coding of software development to system analysis, reduces the technical requirements for software developers, improve the development productivity of software, and changes the traditional software development model.2. Problems i

9、n Software DevelopmentAt this stage there are many problems in software development, mainly in the following areas 1:(1) The phenomena of software development "demand exceeds supply" effects the development of enterprises. Different companies need different software, without a universal so

10、ftware can be applied to each enterprise management information system. Software development cycle is long, code errors, software reliability is poor, unfavorable to maintain and upgrade. The need that enterprise for software more complex, and the software provided by software development companies

11、enterprise are not satisfied.(2) Software quality is unreliable, software maintenance is poor, users typically are not satisfied with the completed software. Software error is inevitable, and software testing need to spend a lot of time. Software maintenance personnel not only understand business pr

12、ocesses, but also familiar with software development technology, to solve a bug in the software may introduce new bugs, and many people are not willing to engage in software Maintenance. If Software often wrong, will cause users' dissatisfaction, and ultimately be abandoned.(3) Software developm

13、ent personnel can't meet the needs of the market, they need to master too much knowledge. Software development requires master: database technology, database access technology and a variety of database management systems, network and Internet technology, development tools and related structures

14、and class libraries, software testing and analysis tools, and many other technologies. As the acceleration of technical upgrading, developers constantly learning new technique while be busy working, the burden is too heavy.(4) The frequent flow of software developers has a great loss to the company.

15、 Software is the intellectual products of people, each one has their own programming habits, ideas and methods. It's very difficult to read someone's program. If the developers leave the project half-way, others will difficult to take over, and even leave after the delivery of software proje

16、cts, others also very difficult to maintain.(5) Software don't have the appropriate document, that caused great difficulties to the latter part of the development, maintenance and reconstruction. Software development should be first to write a document then write the program, modify the program

17、after modify the document. But some developers do not develop good habits; some busy to write or modify the program and forget to modify the document, resulting in inconsistent with the document and procedures; many software development companies have no clear requirements in the quantity, quality a

18、nd format of the document.3. Key Technology of SSH Framework PlatformThe development of large enterprise-class Web application system usually requires a good software architecture to facilitate the collaborative development expansion and upgrading, and the more popular open source framework SSH, is

19、a lightweight solution to develop the Web applications of enterprise-class J2EE. At present, the market there have been some commercial, open source application framework thatbased on J2EE, in which the mainstream framework technologies are Struts framework based on MVC pattern and Spring framework

20、based on IoC pattern and object / relations mapping framework Hibernate and so on 1.3.1. Presentation Layer Framework StrutsIt is the MVC framework realized on the base of JSP Model, mainly divided into three parts of Model,Viewer and Controller, the design concept is decoupling performance logic an

21、d business logic through Controller, to improve the maintainability, scalability and reusability of system 2-4. The architecture of Struts framework shown in figure 1.Fig1.Architecture of Struts frameworkView. View major comprises the JSP page, there is no process logic, business logic and model inf

22、ormation, only mark. Struts itself contains a set of TagLib, which is also one of the essence, flexibly use can simplify the code of JSP pages and improve the development efficiency.Controller. The Controller in Struts is ActionServlet mainly provided by itself. ActionServlet receives all requests f

23、rom clients and transfers the control to the appropriate Action according to the configuration file (struts-config.xml).Model. Struts don't define the implementation of specific Model layer, Model layer usually closely relates with business logic, and has persistence requirements. At present in

24、commercial areas and the open source world, both have some excellent tools for facilitating the development of Model layer.3.2. Business Logic Layer Framework SpringIt's a powerful lightweight framework that solutes many common problems in J2EE and can replace EJB technology. Lightweight refers

25、here is the Spring framework itself rather than means Spring can only be used for lightweight application development 8. The lightness of Spring reflects in the framework of their own infrastructure and the support and assembly capabilities for other application tools. Compared with the colossus EJB

26、, Spring can make process development personnel reduce the risk that between the various techniques levels.In this way, without writing factory pattern, single pattern, or other construction method, can directly to obtain the necessary business components through the container. The structure of Spri

27、ng framework shown in figure 2.Spring framework consists of seven well-defined modules, and each module or component can stand alone,or realizes joint with one or more modules. Spring Core Container is used to manage the IoC container of business component of, is the core of Spring applications; Spr

28、ing DAO and Spring ORM provides abstraction module of data access, also integrates on Hibernate, JDO and iBatis and so popular support for object-relational mapping framework Module, and provides a buffer connection pooling, transaction processing and other important services function to ensure the

29、system performance and data integrity; Spring Web module provides a number of abstract package of Web application, which can integrate Web framework such as Struts, WebWork and Spring to their own solutions.3.3. Data Persistence Layer Framework HibernateO/R Mapping technology is generated to solve t

30、he contradiction not match between relational database and object-oriented programming. Hibernate is the most popular O/R Mapping framework, automatic mapping between relational database and Java objects, that programmers can use a very simple way to achieve database operation. The working principle

31、 of Hibernate shown in figure 3.Hibernate through JDBC package, shields the underlying database operationsto programmer, so the programmer focus on OO application development, and improve development efficiency. The work programmers access the database is prepare Xml mapping file for persistent obje

32、ct.Changes in the underlying database simply change the initial configuration file(hibernate.cfg.xml or perties) can not affect the application.Hibernate has its own object-oriented query language HQL, HQL is powerful and supports for the current most popular databases such as Oracle, D

33、B2, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, etc., is the most widely used O/R mapping tool. Hibernate provides the underlying support for the rapid development application.3.4. New J2EE Framework for Integrated SSHAnalyzed the three framework technology based on J2EE, then improve the traditional J2EE Web deve

34、lopment model through integrating these three technologies framework, form a new, lightweight J2EE framework. System architecture of integrated SSH framework shown in figure 4.From the responsibility system is divided into four layers: presentation layer, business logic layer, data persistence layer

35、 and domain module layer. Which uses Struts as the overall infrastructure of system, is responsible for the separation of MVC, in the model of Struts framework, we use Hibernate framework to support for presentation layer, the business layer with Spring. Specifically way is: Based on requirements pu

36、t forward some modules by object oriented analysis method, implement these models as a basic Java object, and then write a basic DAO interface, and gives the DAO implementation of Hibernate, using DAO classes that implemented by Hibernate framework to achieve the conversion and access betweenJava cl

37、asses and database, and finally completed business logic by the Spring.The basic business processes of system are: in the presentation layer, first through the JSP interface realize interaction interface, and responsible for sending Request and receiving Response, then according to the configuration

38、 files (struts-config.xml) Struts delegates the Request received by ActionServlet to the appropriate Action to treatment. In the business layer, the Spring IoC container of management services component is responsible for providing services to the Action Model components and the DAO of this componen

39、t to complete business logic, and provides transaction processing, buffer pool and so on container components to improve system performance and ensure data integrity. In the persistence layer, depends on the object mapping of Hibernate and database interaction, dealing with the data that DAO compone

40、nts requested and returns the results.4. ConclusionWith SSH framework, not only achieves the complete separation of View, Controller and Model, but also realizes the separation of business logic layer and persistence layer. No matter what changes the front, the model layer with little changes, and d

41、atabase changes will not affect front-end and improves the reusability of the system. As the coupling between different layers is small, it's conducive to team members work in parallel and improve development efficiency.AcknowledgmentThis work is supported by Innovation Team Program of Beijing A

42、cademy of Science and Technology (IG201106N), Education department of liaoning province key laboratory fund project (2008S002) and Liaoning doctoral fundation (20091034).中文譯文研究軟件開發(fā)平臺基于SSH框架結(jié)構(gòu)摘要軟件開發(fā)平臺的研究是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。對于當前的問題Web應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)領(lǐng)域，使用計算機相關(guān)技術(shù)，結(jié)合更流行的開放源代碼SSH框架，研究基于SSH框架建設(shè)軟件開發(fā)平臺?；诜治鲕浖_發(fā)存在的問題，著重研究了SSH框

43、架平臺的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，包括表示層、業(yè)務(wù)邏輯框架、基于Web的Struts框架，業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層Spring框架，數(shù)據(jù)持久層框架Hibernate，J2EE框架集成新的SSH等等。研究內(nèi)容的本文應(yīng)用于大型Web程序開發(fā)企業(yè)，它使促進生產(chǎn)力和改善軟件質(zhì)量，同時也有一個重要的意義那就是促進軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國的顯著發(fā)展。1介紹發(fā)展大型的企業(yè)級Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)通常需要一個好的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)，以促進協(xié)作開發(fā)擴張和升級，但是傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)展模式不能滿足這些要求。對于當前問題領(lǐng)域的Web應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)，遵循系統(tǒng)工程原理和方法，全面使用軟件工程、數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)、面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)、和結(jié)合更流行的開放源代碼框架SSH(Spring，St

44、ruts，Hibernate)，研究軟件自動生成平臺基于B / S結(jié)構(gòu)的Java框架，幫助開發(fā)人員構(gòu)建一個Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)，良好的可重用性和易于維護的短術(shù)語。設(shè)計理念是運行在前端程序支持前面的大型數(shù)據(jù)庫代碼的由計算機自動完成軟件開發(fā)程序員不需要掌握Java和數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)將會開發(fā)出更好的軟件系統(tǒng)。對于系統(tǒng)分析將通過翻譯傳統(tǒng)的編碼軟件開發(fā)，降低軟件開發(fā)人員的技術(shù)要求，提高軟件的開發(fā)效率，改變了傳統(tǒng)的軟件開發(fā)模型。2問題在軟件開發(fā)在軟件開發(fā)中這個階段存在許多的問題，主要是在以下領(lǐng)域：(1)現(xiàn)象的軟件開發(fā)“供不應(yīng)求”發(fā)展的影響企業(yè)。不同的公司需要不同的軟件，沒有一個通用的軟件可以被應(yīng)用到每個企

45、業(yè)的管理信息系統(tǒng)。軟件的開發(fā)周期很長、代碼錯誤，軟件可靠性差，不利于維護和升級。企業(yè)軟件的需求更復(fù)雜，而軟件公司提供開發(fā)的軟件企業(yè)不滿意。(2)軟件質(zhì)量是不可靠的，軟件維護差，用戶通常不滿意這個完成的軟件。軟件錯誤是不可避免的，軟件測試需要花很多時間。軟件維護人員不僅了解業(yè)務(wù)流程，但也熟悉軟件開發(fā)技術(shù)，來解決一個錯誤的同時在軟件中可能會引入新的錯誤，因此許多人不愿意從事軟件維護。如果軟件經(jīng)常出錯，會引起用戶的不滿，最終用戶將放棄此軟件的使用。(3)軟件開發(fā)人員不能滿足市場需要，他們還需要掌握太多知識。軟件開發(fā)需要掌握：數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問技術(shù)和各種數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，開發(fā)工具和

46、相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)和類庫、軟件測試和分析工具，和許多其他技術(shù)。想要加速技術(shù)升級，開發(fā)人員需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)而忙碌工作，負擔太重了。(4)經(jīng)常性的軟件開發(fā)人員流動會給公司帶來一個巨大的損失。軟件是人的知識產(chǎn)品，每個人都有自己的編程習(xí)慣，思想和方法。這是非常難以閱讀別人的程序。如果開發(fā)人員項目中途離開，其他人將會很難接管，甚至交付這項軟件工程之后離開，別人也很難維護此軟件。(5)軟件沒有適當?shù)奈募?，這回給后半部分的開發(fā)、維護和重建帶來極大困難。軟件開發(fā)應(yīng)該先寫一個文檔然后編寫程序，修改程序后然后修改文檔。但一些開發(fā)人員不養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，有些忙于寫或修改程序，但是忘記修改文檔，導(dǎo)致文檔和程序不對應(yīng)或者不符合；

47、許多軟件開發(fā)公司在文檔的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量和格式上沒有明確的要求。3SSH框架平臺的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)發(fā)展大型的企業(yè)級Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)通常需要一個好的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)，以促進協(xié)作開發(fā)擴張和升級，更受歡迎的開源框架SSH，是一個輕量級的解決方案來開發(fā)Web應(yīng)用程序的企業(yè)級J2EE。目前，市場上已經(jīng)有一些商業(yè)級開源的應(yīng)用程序框架，例如：基于J2EE的主流技術(shù)框架Struts框架，基于MVC模式和Spring框架的控制反轉(zhuǎn)模式和對象/關(guān)系映射框架Hibernate等。3.1 表示層框架Struts它是MVC框架實現(xiàn)JSP模型的基礎(chǔ)上，主要分為三個部分的模型：顯示器和控制器，設(shè)計理念是解耦性能邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯通過控制器，提高可

48、維護性、可擴展性和可重用性的系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。Struts框架如圖1。視圖。視圖主要由JSP頁面沒有過程邏輯、業(yè)務(wù)邏輯和模型信息，只有標記。Struts本身包含一組標簽，它也是一種本質(zhì)靈活使用能夠簡化JSP頁面代碼，提高開發(fā)效率?？刂破?。控制器在Struts是主要提供ActionServlet本身。ActionServlet根據(jù)配置文件(struts - config . xml)接收所有來自客戶機的請求和傳輸控制到適當?shù)男袆印ＤＰ?。Struts不定義實現(xiàn)的特定模型層、模型層通常與業(yè)務(wù)邏輯密切有關(guān)，并持續(xù)保留下去。目前在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域和開放源世界，都有一些優(yōu)秀的工具來促進發(fā)展模型層。圖1 Struts 框架結(jié)構(gòu)3.2 業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層Spring框架這是一個強大的輕量級框架，在J2EE包含著許多常見的問題和可以替代的EJB技術(shù)。這里指的是Spring輕