藥學英語-中藥藥劑復習資料

1、GlossaryGlossaryl1.Introduction Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics of Chinese Material Medica Pharmaceutics of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Science of TCM 中藥藥劑學 Pharmaceutics converts a drug into a medicine. drug pharmacologically active ingredient in a medicine. Interact wi

2、th a target in the body and exhibits desirable pharmacologydrugNatural originchemical synthesisbiotechnologymicrobial originanimal originradioactive substancesothers alternatives of drug ：medicinal agent, pharmacological agent, active principle, active ingredient, active pharmaceutical ingredient (A

3、PI)A dosage form is the physical form of a drug that is presented to the patient. An excipient is generally a pharmacologically inactive substances used as a carrier for the active ingredients of a medication. Any component of a dosage form, other than the drug substance, is an excipient.The excipie

4、nts are pharmacologically inactive but can have a significant impact on the performance of medication.Pharmaceutics ,f:msju:tks n. 藥劑學Dosage form dsd f:m 劑型Biopharmaceutical baiu,f:msju:tikl adj. 生物藥劑學的Routes of drug administration 給藥途徑Excipients ekspnt n. 輔料，賦形劑Additives dtv n. 輔料，附加劑Formulation f:

5、mjlen n. 處方Parenteral prent()r()l adj. 腸胃外的，注射的Gastrointestinal tract 胃腸道Absorption rate 吸收率GlossaryGlossaryl2. Dispensing the chinese materia medicaprescription Official prescriptionAgreed prescriptionPhysicians prescriptionPrescription-only medicinesNon-prescription medicines/over the counterGloss

6、aryGlossaryl3 Sterilization and preservativeTechniques of sterilization refer to the complete destruction of all living organisms and their spores or their complete removal from the preparation. Sterilization can be achieved by physical, chemical and other means. GlossaryGlossaryl4 Comminution, siev

7、ing, mixingComminution ,kmnjn 粉碎Dry comminutionWet comminutionCryogenic comminution kradenkUltra-fine comminutionSieving 過篩GlossaryGlossaryl5 The preparations of extractionsDecoctions dkk()n 湯劑mixture and oral liquid 中藥合劑與口服液劑syrups 糖漿劑simple syrups 單糖漿 decocting paste/concentrated decoctions 煎膏劑（膏滋

8、）medicinal wine and tincture 藥酒與酊劑Liquid extracts and Extracts 流浸膏劑與浸膏劑GlossaryGlossaryl6. Liquid preparationsHomogeneous hmdns adj. 均相的Pharmacopoeia ,frmkpi n. 藥典Bacteriostatic water 抑菌水Distillation n. 蒸餾Efficacy efks n. 藥效Antioxidants n. 抗氧化劑Solubilisate n. 增溶質Colloid kld n. 膠體Coarse dispersion 粗分

9、散系Non-aqueous solvents 非水溶劑Elixirs lks n. 酏劑Spirits sprt n. 醑劑Tinctures t(k)t n. 酊劑Isotonic ,as()tnk adj. 等滲的Preservatives przvtv n. 防腐劑Microorganisms makrg()nz()m n. 微生物shelf-life n. 保質期Clarity klrt n. 澄明度Sediment sedm()nt n. 沉降Sedimentation rate 沉降速率Floccules flkjul n. 絮凝物Flocculation flkjulein n.

10、 絮凝Deflocculated systems 反絮凝體系Aggregates grgt n. 聚集體Bioavailability ,bao,velblti n. 生物利用度Sweeteners swit()n n. 甜味劑Stabilizers steblaz n. 穩(wěn)定劑Suspending agents 助懸劑Emulsifer mlsfa n. 乳化劑Emulsification ,mlsfken n. 乳化Creaming n. 乳狀液分層Rheology rld n. 流變學hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) 親水親油平衡值Phase inve

11、rsion 轉相Homogenizers hmdnaz n. 均質機Coalescence n. 合并Microbial contamination 微生物污染GlossaryGlossaryl7. Solid preparationsPowders paudz n. 散劑Granules grnju:ls n. 顆粒劑Granulation grnjlen n. 制粒Tablet tblt n. 片劑Dry granulation 干法制粒Wet granulation 濕法制粒Fluidized-bed granulation 流化床制粒Spray drying 噴霧干燥Hard gela

12、tin capsules 明膠硬膠囊Freeze drying 冷凍干燥Die da n. 模具Punches pntiz n. 沖頭Adhesion dhi:n n. 粘附Flowability flablt n. 流動性Disintegrant dsntgrnt n. 崩解劑Lubricants lu:brknts n. 潤滑劑Glidants ldnts n. 助流劑Colourants klrnts n. 著色劑Homogeneity hmdni:ti n. 均勻性Direct compaction 直接壓實Filler in tablets 片劑填充劑Hygroscopicity h

13、arskpst n. 吸濕性Absorption enhancer 吸收促進劑Binder band n. 粘合劑Antiadherent ndhrnt n. 抗粘劑 Flavour flev(r) n. 調味劑Colourant klrnt n. 著色劑concentrated pills 濃縮丸Flour and water paste pill 糊丸Wax pill 蠟丸dripping pills 滴 丸GlossaryGlossaryl8. Semi-solid preparationsOintments ntmnt n. 軟膏劑Hydrocarbon hadrk:bn n. 碳氫化

14、合物，烴Creams kri:mz n. 乳膏Gels delz n. 凝膠劑Transdermal trnzd:ml adj. 經皮吸收的Percutaneous p:kju:tenis adj. 經皮的Semisolid preparations 半固體制劑Hydrocarbon bases 碳氫化合物基質Absorption bases 吸收性基質Water-soluble bases 水溶性基質Oleaginous bases 油脂性基質GlossaryGlossaryl9. othersaerosols 氣霧劑sustained release preparation 緩釋制劑con

15、trolled release preparation 控釋制劑cyclodextrins complexs 環(huán)糊精包合物環(huán)糊精包合物hydrophobic cavity 親脂性的內穴親脂性的內穴 PillsPills are spherical or spherical-like solid dosage forms made of powdered crude drugs or crude drug extracts, proper binders or other excipients.丸劑系指原料藥物與適宜的輔料制成的球形或類球形固體制劑PowdersPowders may be de

16、fined as mixtures of pulverized crude drugs or extract of crude drugs which are used for oral administration or external applicationpulverizedplv,raz 粉末狀的散劑系指原料藥物或與適宜的輔料經粉碎、均勻混合制成的干燥粉末狀制劑。GranulesGranules are soluble,suspensible or effervescent preparations in granular form with certain particle siz

17、e made from drug extracts or finely powdered drug and suitable excipients. effervescentefvesnt 泡騰的顆粒劑系指原料藥物與適宜的輔料混合制成具有一定粒度的干燥顆粒狀制劑TabletsTablets are solid preparations laminal or various shapes compressed to extracts of crude drugs, or finely powdered crude drugs with suitable excipients, including

18、 extract tablets, semi-extract tablets and powdered crude drug drug tablets.片劑系指原料藥物或與適宜的輔料制成的圓形或異形的片狀固體制劑。中藥還有浸膏片、半浸膏片和全粉片等。TrochesTroches are solid preparations of various shapes made from fine powders of crude drugs and suitable binders(or using the binding property of crude drugs themselves).Tro

19、ches：錠劑：錠劑錠劑系指飲片細粉與適宜黏合劑（或利用飲片細粉本身的黏性)制成不同形狀的固體制劑。Concentrated decoctionsConcentrated decoctions are semifluid preparations prepared by decocting the crude drugs in water, concentrating the decoction and adding honey or sugar.(or invertsugar)煎膏劑系指飲片用水煎煮，取煎煮液濃縮，加煉蜜或糖(或轉化糖)制成的半流體制劑。GluesGlues are soli

20、d lump preparations intended for internal administration, prepared by decocting animal skin,bone,shell or born with water, concentrating into thick gelatinous mass and then drying.gelatinousdltns膠劑系指將動物皮、骨、甲或角用水煎取膠質，濃縮成稠膠狀，經干燥后制成的固體塊狀內服制劑。SyrupsSyrups are concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose co

21、ntaining extracts of crude drugs.糖漿劑系指含有原料藥物的濃蔗糖水溶液。MixturesMixtures are liquid preparations intended for oral administration, prepared by extracting the crude drugs with water or other solvents in suitable ways(package of a single dose is also known as oral liquids).合劑系指飲片用水或其他溶劑，采用適宜的方法提取制成的口服液體制劑

22、（單劑量灌裝者也可稱“ 口服液”）。CapsulesCapsules are preparations made by mixing crude drugs processed bysuitable methods and appropriate excipients,enclosing in capsule shell or sealing in soft capsule. Capsules are classified into hard,soft or enteric shells,mainly for oral administration.膠囊劑系指原料藥物或與適宜輔料充填于空心膠囊

23、或密封于軟質囊材中制成的固體制劑，可分為硬膠囊、軟膠囊(膠丸）、緩釋膠囊、控釋膠囊和腸溶膠囊，主要供口服用Medicinal WinesMedicinal wines are clear liquid preparations prepared by maceration and extraction of crude drugs with distilled wine.酒劑系指飲片用蒸餾酒提取制成的澄清液體制劑。maceration,msren 浸漬TincturesTinctures are clear liquid preparations of medicinal substances

24、 macerated or dissolved in ethanol of specified concentration or made by diluting the liquid extracts,extended for oral administration or external application.酊劑系指將原料藥物用規(guī)定濃度的乙醇提取或溶解而制成的澄清液體制劑，也可用流浸裔稀釋制成。供口服或外用。GelsGels are semisolid or thick liquid preparations with gel natures which are made by mixing extracts of crude drugs and suitable bases. Gels are divisible into water soluble gets according to the characters of the bases used.凝膠劑系指原料藥物與能形成凝膠的輔料制成的具凝膠特性的稠厚液體或半固體制劑 Liquid extracts and ExtractsLiquid extracts or extracts are preparations made by soaking