上海中考英語各語法點基礎(chǔ)考點歸納

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流上海中考英語各語法點基礎(chǔ)考點歸納.精品文檔.冠詞一、 固定詞組1. 有些固定詞組中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些詞組中不用任何冠詞： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight 3. 有些詞組中加a: catch a bus, in a hu

2、rry, take a walk, 二、 專有名詞前1.國家、城市等專有名詞前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America， 但是 the United Sates 要加 the 2. 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前加the Great Wall, 3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains三 一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二個月，next前不加任何冠詞1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autum

3、n /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中獨一無二的事物， 序數(shù)詞， 形容詞最高級，only所修飾的名詞前用the 1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the b

4、iggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容詞加the, 表示這一類人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、單詞前面用“an”還是“a”取決于單詞開頭的讀音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform 2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an

5、 exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course, There is _an _”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, ) 介詞分類記憶：一、時間介詞具體哪一天on, 幾點鐘前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具體某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞 On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the mo

6、rning of December 15,二、地點介詞三、短語中固定搭配的介詞care for, based on, in ones thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, addto, 四、 方式介詞by， with by bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit cardwrite

7、with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容詞、副詞比較范圍的of/ among + 代詞，名詞或數(shù)詞， in+ 表示地點或集體的名詞John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest _ them. 代詞一、 人稱代詞1. 順序： 單數(shù)：二、三、一 復(fù)數(shù)：一、二、三John sits among _, _ and me.A. Maryyou B. sheyou C. youMary D. youshe2. 主格賓格：主格主語， 賓格賓語（動詞或介詞后）The jo

8、urnalist interviewed _. (he, his, him)I show_ around the city. (they, their, them)3. 名詞性物主代詞The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but _ is big and modern.(they, them,. their, theirs)Mum, have you ever seen Dannys sports shoes? I want a pair like _. (he)a friend of mine/ his/ my fathersI _

9、 we_ you_ he_ her_ they_4、反身代詞enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learnby oneself= teach oneself I made it myself.I _ we_ you_ he_ her_ they_ it_不定代詞1.the other, others, another, the othersSome._ One_another + 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)固定詞組 一個接著一個 _Will you please show me _ one?Have _ try, and youll succeed.2.形容詞修飾不定

10、代詞、形容詞后置something necessary3. either_, neither_, both_, all_, none_The report says _ of the two countries in Asia supports the war. After you get off the bus, you can take _ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides4. few, a few, little, a littleIts unusual for him to be so act

11、ive because he is often a boy of _ words. A. few B. little C. many D. much數(shù)詞1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等詞時，用確切的數(shù)據(jù) about/ more than two hundred people2、數(shù)字的讀法， 百位和十位之間用and 3653、序數(shù)詞的拼寫One_ , two_, three_ Four_, five_, eight_, twelve_, nine_,

12、 twenty_, twenty-one_ 5. 分?jǐn)?shù)1/2_ 2/3_, 3/ 4_, 3/5_6、百分比 30 percent7、日期表達(dá) February 12，1809two hours and a half =two and a half hours a ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.He is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.Its ten minutes walk. Its a ten-minute walk.名詞1. 變復(fù)數(shù)potato_ tomato_ hero_ Ne

13、gro_ photo_(兩人兩菜加s, 其他加es)boy_ toy_, dictionary_, (只有輔音+y 結(jié)尾變y為ies)beach_(s, x, ch, sh,結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)+es)life, thief ,leaf, knife(fe, f結(jié)尾的名詞， 把f, fe變?yōu)関es)2. 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞many children much informationa few books a little timesome boys some timea couple of days a basket of fruit修飾可數(shù)名詞的： few, a few, many, a lar

14、ge number of, a couple of修飾不可數(shù)名詞的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of 既修飾可數(shù)名詞的，又可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的： plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some3. 名詞所有格my fathers friend= a friend of my fathers， the teachers office， the Childrens Palace形容詞/ 副詞1、形容詞的用法：1） 系動詞后做表語 The comedy is very funny2） 在名詞前作

15、定語 Its a funny comedy3） 修飾不定代詞在不定代詞之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4） 在賓語之后作賓語補足語 The good news made Bobs mother excited. Youd better keep the window open.2、副詞的用法：1）修飾行為動詞 He drives carefully.2）修飾形容詞 The food is quite delicious.3）修飾整個句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a l

16、ittle, a bit, a lot, even等詞修飾形容詞比較級The Bund looks much _ at night. (pretty)He looks a little _(happy) 4. 既是形容詞又是副詞的：early ,fast, hard, high, late 5、asas not as/ soas句型中間用形容詞或者副詞的原級， 所以可以先排除比較級和最高級，選副詞還是形容詞，看是否修飾行為動詞The driver drove as _ as usual.A. most carefully B. more carefulC. careful D. careful

17、ly6、一些特殊句型The 比較級 主語+謂語， the 比較級 主語+謂語，The earlier, the betterthe fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better 疑問詞How far (ten minutes walk)How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How ma

18、ny (two)How much (two yuan/two kilos)1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99) _ _ he go to the hospital?2. We have a class meeting once a week. (00) _ _ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space?3. This sign means cars and buses mustnt turn right here. (04) _

19、 _ this sign mean? 4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05) _ did London _ the first World Expo?5. The students projects will be on show in three days. (06) _ _ will the students projects be on show?動詞連系動詞:1.be 動詞 2.感官動詞：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, look3.表示

20、變化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn 4. 表示保持的：keep, stay, remain 5. 似乎是seem情態(tài)動詞:May I watch TV? No, you mustnt/ may not/ cant.Must I do the work? No, you neednt.may be 可能是 must be 一定是 cant be 不可能是You neednt help him.= You dont need to help him.1.We _ keep the new traffic law

21、 and learn how to protect ourselves. (04) A) mayB) shouldC) canD) need2. A: _ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? B: No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon. (05) A) MayB) CanC) WouldD) Must3.My mother _ make rice dumplings. Shell teach me how to do it. (06) A) mustB) needC) shoul

22、dD) can使役動詞：make, let, have sb. do sth.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時 主語+do/ does1、 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和often , always, usually ,sometimes, everyday 等時間狀語連用；2、 表示客觀事實或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、 由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，主句用將來時從句用一般現(xiàn)在時I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般過去時

23、主語+did1、常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past 2、過去習(xí)慣性動作 used to do 一般將來時 will/ shall do1、 shall, will + 動詞原型構(gòu)成一般將來時；2、 am (is , are) going to + 動詞原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要發(fā)生的事情；there is going to be 3、 表示“去向”的動詞，可以用進行時表示將來時 come, go, arrive, leave, leave f

24、orIm leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進行時 am/ is/ are + doing 常用時間狀語now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Janes grandma _ with some aged people.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing 過去進行時 was/ were + doing常用時間狀語 at that moment, this time yesterday

25、, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon. 也常用于when 和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.現(xiàn)在完成時 have/ has + done1.常用的時間狀語和副詞: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already & ye

26、tI have already read the book, (改否定句)I _ read the book _.3. since&forI have learned English since 2004 (對劃線部分提問)I have learned English for 10 years （同上）4. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞_ this book for a week.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. buy現(xiàn)在完成時 had + done1.表示過去的過去， 常用的時間狀語：by the end of last year, befor

27、e I entered the school2. 用于主句為一般過去時的賓語從句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被動語態(tài)：1.構(gòu)成：be+及物動詞的過去分詞p.p2. 時態(tài)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be 的變化一般現(xiàn)在時 am/ is/ are+p.p, 一般過去時was/were+ p.p現(xiàn)在完成時 has/ have been +p.p 一般將來時will be +p.p情態(tài)動詞 should/ may/ must/ can/ could + be+ p. p 3. 先劃出句子的謂語部分寫出動詞原形判斷時態(tài)注意主語的單復(fù)數(shù)Jane wrote

28、several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory _ _ by Jane last month.1.wrote2. writewrotewritten3. was/ were written4. 主語是several articles , 因此是were written非謂語動詞1動詞不定式1. 主語 To be a teacher is my dream2. 賓語 I want to buy a new bike3. 表語 My father s job is to make sick people

29、better.4. 定語 We have got a new project to do5. 賓語補足語 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 動詞不定式作形式主語 It is difficult to learn English well7. 動詞不定式作賓語的動詞常見的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 賓語從句改成簡單句I dont know what I can do nextI dont know _ _ do next.9.

30、 有些動詞后作賓補省略to一感feel， 二聽listen to, hear， 三讓make, let, have， 四看see, watch, notice, observe非謂語動詞2動名詞1. 主語 Smoking isnt allowed in public places2. 賓語 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表語 My hobby is collecting stamps4. 動名詞作賓語的動詞 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise. 反意疑問句1、劃出句子中的謂語部分You could hardly believe the news,_ _?情態(tài)動詞有： can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, w