高中英語語法：狀語從句知識點

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語語法：狀語從句知識點狀語從句(adverbial clause)在句中作狀語，可修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。狀語從句可放在句首或句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用逗號；放在句末時，從句前面往往不用逗號。狀語從句根據(jù)它們的含義分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、讓步、條件、比較等九種。一、時間狀語從句1、while, when, whenever和as的用法比較（1）while常表示一段較長的時間或一個過程，強調(diào)主句的動詞和從句的動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的。它不能表示一時性或短暫的動作。Don't talk so l

2、oud while( as) others are working.別人工作時，請勿大聲說話。（2）when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，可指時間的一點，也可以指一段時間，從句的謂語動詞可用終止性動詞，也可用持續(xù)性動詞。when引導(dǎo)的從句表示的具體的時間，從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時，也可以先于主句的動作。Whenever指任何一個不具體的時間。It was raining when we arrived. 我們到達時，天正下著雨。（動作同時，指時間點）When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to yo

3、u.當(dāng)你再讀一遍這首詩，你就更清晰它的含意。（動作有先后，指時間點，不能用while）Come whenever you like. 你愛什么時候來就什么時候來。（3）as用as時主句和從句的動作往往同時發(fā)生，具有延伸意義，一般同延續(xù)性動詞連用，有時可譯作“一邊一邊”。As time went on, his theory proved to be correct.隨著時間的推移，他的理論被證明是正確的。As（when）he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他講話結(jié)束的時候，聽眾掌聲雷動。（指一點時間不能用while）

4、 2、名詞詞組引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句有時名詞every time(每次)，the next time(下一次)，the next day(第二天)，the moment(一就)， the instant, the second, the year等，也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回來，都把鞋子丟在地板上。 3、副詞作連詞用引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句有些副詞如instantly, immediately，instantly，directly, present

5、ly等也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示"一就"的意思。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看見她就把她認出來了。 4、since和before的用法比較兩者均可用于"It+ be.+since/before-從句"的句型。區(qū)別在于since表示“自從以來”，所在主、從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)關(guān)系是:It is/has been sometime since sb. did sth.。而before的含義是 “(過了多久)才”，主、從句的時態(tài)關(guān)系是:It was/had been some time befo

6、re sb. did sth.。表過去和將來時，兩者相應(yīng)的句型分別是:It was some time since sb. had done sth.和It will be some time before sb. does sth.It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他參加革命己三十年了。It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回來。It was not long before he came back. 不久他就會來了。 二、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句一般由where(在地方; 那里)，

7、wherever(無論哪里)和everywhere(在每一個地方)引導(dǎo)。After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后，一所新學(xué)校在以前的劇院處建成。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成慣例，將東西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丟的地方找到了計算器。Everywher

8、e they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。注意：where除了表示地點外，還可以表示條件、對比和讓步。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（條件）We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假。（對比）Wherever I went, the dog followed me

9、. 無論我走到哪里，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步） 三、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句一般由because(因為)，since(既然)，as(由于)，now that(既然，因為)等連詞引導(dǎo)1、because, since, as, for和now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句（1）because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的語氣最強，常表示必然的因果關(guān)系?；卮鹨詗hy引起的特殊疑問句，只能用because。Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因為天下雨，所以詹穿著雨衣。（2）since表示對方已經(jīng)知曉、無須加以說明的原因或事實，語氣比because稍弱。

10、I'll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我來替你做吧。Since you insist, I'll go.既然你堅持，那我就去。（3）as表示的往往是十分明顯的原因，聽者或讀者已經(jīng)知道或能看得出來，語氣較弱，只附帶說明，比較口語化。We had better hurry as it's getting dark.因為天快要黑了，我們最好快點。As you object, I'll change the plan.由于你反對，我將改變計劃。（4）forfor是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用來附帶解釋或說

11、明前面一句的情況。for引導(dǎo)的分句常位于第一分句之后，它們之間用逗號隔開。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，今天早上地面還是濕的。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鳥在歌唱，一定是天亮了。（5）now that意為"既然"，與since同義，但更突出事實本身。Now that everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都來了，我們就開始開會吧。Now

12、that I am well again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢復(fù)了健康，那就可以繼續(xù)工作了。 2、seeing that, considering that和in that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句這幾個連詞同since, as 近義，都有“鑒于某個事實，原因”是之意。Considering that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鑒于他只學(xué)了一年， 他英語講得就是很好。Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doct

13、or.鑒于他病情嚴重，他們派人請醫(yī)生。In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因為病了，她覺得不能做那件事。 3、not thatbut that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句這是一種加強語氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是因為，而是因為”Not that I don't like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因為我不喜歡這部電影，而是因為我沒時間看。The soldier's essential honor was not that he killed his enemy, but t

14、hat he was willing to die.軍人的真正光榮不是殺敵，而是不惜犧牲。 四、目的狀語從句1、that，so that，in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句目的狀語從句由that，so that，in order that等引導(dǎo)。從句中的謂語動詞前常有情態(tài)動詞may、might、can、could、will, would等。John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把其他人關(guān)在廚房外，目的是能夠為晚會烹飪出人意料的

15、東西。These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險，是為了讓我們活得更安全些。 2、lest, for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句這三個連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語氣，形式是“should+動詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語氣，但有時也可以用陳述語氣。I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她，免得她生氣。Take a hat with

16、 you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 五、結(jié)果狀語從句1、so that，sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語的國家里生活太難了，因此我決定學(xué)好英語。He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，結(jié)果通過了考試。He spoke for suc

17、h a long time that people began to fall asleep.他講了那么長時間，人們開始打起瞌睡了。 2、sothat與suchthat的區(qū)別這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞；such是形容詞，后接名詞。（1）單數(shù)名詞在so.that與such.that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞，且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可互換，但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so go

18、od a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老師，我們都敬愛她。（2）不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，一般須用such.that。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他進步很快，不久就開始用英語寫文章。(不可數(shù)名詞)They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)

19、（3）名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時如果不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時，則用sothat。I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一塊紫一塊的。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒有錢，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數(shù)名詞)They are such little children that they can't do an

20、ything.他們是小孩,什么事情都干不了。巧記:名前such，形、副so；多多少少也用so。little屬特殊；“小”用such，“少”用so。3、如何判斷so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句（1）當(dāng)表達的含義是“為了”、“以便”時，為目的狀語從句；當(dāng)表達的是“以至于”、“因此”含義時，為結(jié)果狀語從句。If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的狀語從句)如果你的確知道，應(yīng)大聲回答，以便讓全班學(xué)生都可以聽見。It rained hard the day before

21、yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.(結(jié)果狀語從句)前天雨下得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。（2）當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等時，是目的狀語從句；當(dāng)從句里沒有情態(tài)動詞，且謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時（過去時）、現(xiàn)在完成時等時態(tài)時，是結(jié)果狀語從句。We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could(might)visit the monument to seagulls. (目的狀語從句)我們在鹽湖城逗留，以便可以參觀為海鷗修的紀(jì)念碑。They have walked a l

22、ong way, so that we are all tired. (結(jié)果狀語從句)他們走了很長的路，所以都很累。（3）當(dāng)從句之前的so that可用in order that代替時，是目的狀語從句；反之，是結(jié)果狀語從句。We now study hard so that we may work well in the future.(=We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future. (目的狀語從句)我們現(xiàn)在努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了將來更好地工作。(4)當(dāng)so that之前有逗號時，是結(jié)果狀語從句；反之，是目的狀語從句Th

23、e story is very interesting, so that I like it very much.(結(jié)果狀語從句)這部小說很有趣，因而我非常喜歡。六、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句一般由asas(和一樣)，not as/soas(與不一樣)，than(比),the more, the more(越越)引導(dǎo)。The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.導(dǎo)師給我的提議比給狄克的好。In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea th

24、at the further we go, the better our holiday will be.近幾年旅游公司已成功地對我們公眾宣傳了去得越遠，假日越好的觀點。John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 如果說約翰的足球踢的不比大衛(wèi)好，至少和他踢的一樣好。I can't run as/so fast as he can. 我不能跑得他那樣快。七、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenev

25、er，no matter +wh詞，等引導(dǎo)。1、even if, even though, although，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 這四個詞（詞組）都有“雖然、即使、盡管”的意思。even if和even though帶有較強的意味，語氣比although和though強。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but連用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless連用?？梢苑旁谥骶淝懊嬉部梢苑旁谥骶浜竺?。even if，even though所接的句子常用虛擬語氣。We wouldn't give up even if we sh

26、ould fail ten times.即使是我們失敗十次，我們也不會放棄。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy盡管他很忙，他可能給了你更多的幫助。2、as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句形容詞+as/though+主語+謂語副詞動詞分詞名詞（1）由as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.這些貴族盡管很傲慢，他們卻害怕見我。（2）如果表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，這個名詞不帶冠詞 12-year-old girl a

27、s she is, she has had a good command of English.她雖然只是個12歲的女孩，但是她已經(jīng)熟知英語。Child as he is，he knows a lot.雖然他還是個孩子，卻懂的很多。(3)如果句中謂語包含情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，則將實意動詞放在as之前Try as I might，I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大勁兒也搬不動這塊石頭。Praised as he was, he remained modest.他雖然受到表揚，但仍然保持著謙虛。（4）如果句中謂語僅有實意動詞，則將實意動詞(原形)放在as之前，并在主語

28、后面加助動詞do, does, did或will。Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.雖然敵人拷打她，卻沒有能從她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.盡管他失敗了，但他決不會放棄。注:但是，如果在這種情況下，句中謂語有副詞修飾，則將副詞放在as之前。Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他雖然多次失敗，但仍不灰心喪氣。Much as I admire his courage, I don

29、't think he acted wisely.我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但是我認為他這樣做是不明智的。3、由no matter+ wh詞和由疑問詞ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句由no matter引導(dǎo)，表示“不管；無論”；由疑問詞ever引導(dǎo)，表示“不管，不論”。這類詞有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他們相當(dāng)于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能與but，so，and等并列連詞同時使用。We'll have to finish the job, ho

30、wever(no matter how) long it takes. 不管需要多長時間，我們都一定完成這項工作。No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. 無論你做什么，別告訴他我對你說過這件事。4、由whetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句由whetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“不論還是”，提供兩種對比的情況。I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不論你來還是留在家中，我都要去。Whether we like a part

31、icular piece of news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “l(fā)et it happen”.不管我們喜歡不喜歡一條消息,我們所能做的只是坐在電視機前，“讓它過去”。 八、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句可以位于主句前面或后面。1、 由if，unless引導(dǎo) if 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”（if not）You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否則，你會遲到。If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. 如果你不快點，你就會晚了。We'll go there unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我們就去那兒。2、由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等