宏觀閱讀法講義初階

1、閱讀初階閱讀初階主講：閱讀初階感受2013Text 1閱讀In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years

2、from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found hergarment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fa

3、shion. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage s

4、tyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposablemeant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long acc

5、ustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts o

6、f harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma.Mass produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger andneed, yet is non-durable and wasteful, Cl ne argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billiongarments

7、 a yearabout 64 item perexcess leads to wasteand no matter how much they give away, thisTowards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SarahKate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothesand beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Bea

8、umont decades to perfect her craft; her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor andthe environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection lineCline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She e

9、xhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Va shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her.A poor bargaining skillB insensitivity to fashionC obsession with high fashionD lack of imaginationis a

10、constant; people will only start22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to.閱讀初階A combat unnecessary wasteB shut out the feverish fashion worldC resist the influence of advertisementsD shop for their garments more frequently23. The word indictment(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in mean

11、ing to.A accusationB enthusiasm Cindifference Dtolerance24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Vahas more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environ

12、ment- friendly purchasing25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industryD Exposure of a mass-market secret.時(shí)間分配思路解題四步走掃描體干，劃出關(guān)鍵通讀全文，抓住中心仔細(xì)審題，返回原文重疊選項(xiàng)，得出閱讀初階2006Text 1In spite of “endless talk of diff

13、erence,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century dep

14、artment stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and

15、sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resi

16、stant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation language, home ownersh

17、ip and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, th

18、e original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Fo

19、reign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the hird generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes tha children in remote villages

20、 around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants livingwithin the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?. It is big enough

21、 tohave a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Paragraph 1) most probably means A identifying.B associating.C assimilating.D monopolizing.22. Acco

22、rding to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A played a role in the spread of popular culture.B became intimate shops for common consumers.C satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.23. The text suggests that immigrants now in

23、the U.S. A are resistant to homogenization.B exert a great influence on American culture.C are hardly a threat to the common culture.閱讀初階D constitute the majority of the population.24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A To prove their popularity around the worl

24、d.B To reveal the publics fear of immigrants.C To give examples of successful immigrants.D To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is A rewarding.B successful.C fruitless.D harmful.2007Text 4It never rains but

25、it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn themespecially in Americathe sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive su

26、ite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bosss agenda in businesses of every variety. Several massive leakages of customer and

27、 employee data this yearfrom organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeleyhave left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potent

28、ial vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” saysHaim Mendelson of Stanford Universitys business chool. “The ability to guard customer data isthe key to market value, which this responsible for on behalf of shareholders”., justas there is the

29、concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accep ed Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New Yorks Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is amanagement issue, not a technical

30、one,” he says.Theis that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious tothe dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed andhugely expensive to restoreand that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a companyletting sen

31、sitiveal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouragedthough not justifiedby the lack of legal penalty ( in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data

32、went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by Ameri

33、cas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce A the fierce business competition.C the threat from news reports.B the feeble boss-bo

34、ard relations.D the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out 閱讀初階A whether there is any weak point.C who is responsible for the leakage.B what sort of data has been stolen.D how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the

35、 concept of GASP the author is making the point that A shareholders interests should be properly attended to.B information protection should be given due attention.C businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.D the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to

36、 Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to A see the link between trust and data protection.B perceive the sensitivity ofal data.C realize the high cost of data restoration.D appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that A data leakage is

37、more severe in Europe.B FTCs decision is essential to data security.C California takes the lead in security legislation.D legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.2008Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirabl

38、e category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to tress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals a d human have shown that sex hormones somehow affec

39、t the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of

40、 the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,

41、” she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things thatwomen are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men

42、go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kindsof interal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by,unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear

43、 that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.“I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead

44、and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a閱讀初階single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez de

45、scribes. But mostwomen today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first tw

46、o paragraphs?A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women A need ext

47、ra doses of chemicals to handle stress.B have limited capacity for tolerating stress.C are more capable of avoiding stress.D are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_beforeitA domestic and temporary.C durable and frequent.B irregular and violentD

48、 trivial and random.24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”(Paragraph 5) shows that A Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expensesC Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which

49、 of the following would be the best title for the text?A Strain of Stress: No Way Out?C Stress Analysis: What Chemi als SayB Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceD Gender Inequality: Wonder Stress讀一題 看一段2002TEXT4The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications

50、 for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two eff

51、ectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patientspain, even though increasing dosages will eventually k

52、ill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patientssufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”George Annas, chair of the he

53、alth law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery, ” he says. “We dont call閱讀初階those deaths homicides because the d

54、octors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intendtheir suicide.”O(jiān)n another level, many in the medical commuacknowledge that the assisted-suicidedebate has been fueled in part by the despai

55、r of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undert

56、reatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain ma

57、nagement therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it con