英語十六時(shí)態(tài)表格總結(jié)材料(很全面)

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下面用表格的形式給羅列出來，便于記憶英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying過去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying將來shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have s

2、tudiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying過去將來should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一. 一

3、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B) 習(xí)慣用語。C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。D) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。E) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)   、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 ）可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用   。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'

4、;clock this afternoon.    （下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。）How often does this shuttle bus run? （這班車多久一趟？）F) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來事情。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若

5、為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。二. 一般過去時(shí)用法：A) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。B) 表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的   就是過去時(shí)。He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday

6、, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。三. 一般將來時(shí)：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, n

7、ext day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.、be to do   be  about to  、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來  、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

8、分別用法：A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B) 有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，可以表示將來時(shí)。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying

9、 here until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會(huì)呆到5月。）C) 表示“打算去，要”時(shí)，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。）D) 表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.E) "be to do" 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。F) 同樣可以表示“

10、正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.       例：2005年6月大學(xué)四級(jí)第65題I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) in B) to C) at D) on答案是D)。on the

11、 point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他?！弊⒁馐马?xiàng)：在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞（immediately, the moment, directly）等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)。例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next ye

12、ar.（我希望到明年你回來的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。）四、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：用法：A) 表示在過去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。）B) 如果when,

13、while這樣的時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時(shí)，則另一個(gè)句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。）時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。六、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing) 用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的

14、動(dòng)作或事情。例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。）句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語+will be+doing/主語+be going to+be+doing時(shí)間狀語：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening.I

15、60;will be studying English when you arrive tonight.明晚你來的時(shí)候,我會(huì)正在學(xué)習(xí)英語.Im going to be studying English when you arrive tonight.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)用法：A) 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。B) 表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。注意事項(xiàng) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去

16、和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。時(shí)間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句：have或has。八. 過去完成時(shí)(had done)概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。時(shí)間狀語：before, by th

17、e end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑問句：had放于句首九、將來完成時(shí)(will have done)用法：在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語+will+have doneI will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.在我完成這個(gè)課程的時(shí)候,我已經(jīng)能完成英語時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)了.句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be going to+have doneIm going to have

18、studied every tense by the time I finish this course.時(shí)間狀語：By the time of, by the end of+時(shí)間短語（將來）； by the time+從句（將來）十、過去將來時(shí)：概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。時(shí)間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do

19、;would/should + not + do.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。例  I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。）十一、  現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。時(shí)間狀語：or+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)(過去某一時(shí)間開始表示并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可用）；by the time基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞

20、（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。）注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。以下六種時(shí)態(tài)考察較少十二、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall have been doing ，will have been doing例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）十三、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back