情態(tài)動詞（一）（講義）

1、.高中英語情態(tài)動詞一1. 掌握情態(tài)動詞can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would以及must等詞的根本含義和用法。2. 初步理解情態(tài)動詞用于表推測的根本功能和特征。重點：相關(guān)情態(tài)動詞的根本含義和用法。難點：情態(tài)動詞表推測的根本用法。1. 情態(tài)動詞是英語語言當中一個非常重要的元素，在各類文章和題型中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，并且在高考語法填空和短文改錯中也多有考察。2. 情態(tài)動詞的根本用法在閱讀和書面表達中也有著非常重要的影響，尤其是在寫作中考生經(jīng)常在情態(tài)動詞用法上出錯，需要引起重視。can與could的用法Festivals can also

2、be held to honour famous people. 節(jié)日也有可能是用來紀念名人的。Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.收獲節(jié)與感恩節(jié)可能就是非常喜慶的節(jié)日。She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.也許這會兒她跟朋友們在一起，正在取笑他呢。1. can可以表示才能，可以；此時could為can的過去式，表示過去的才能。2. can / could可以表示懇求、答應(yīng)；問句could表示委婉語氣，但此類問句不用could來作答。3.

3、 can / could可表示主觀推測把握、可能性較大；只用于否認句和疑問句中。表示對過去情況的推測，用“can / could + have done。4. can也可用于表示客觀可能性理論上、客觀上存在某種可能性，并非某人的推測、看法，此時可用于肯定句中。5. cannottoo+ adj. / adv.= cannot adj. / adv. +enough“再也不為過“越越好。He could speak Japanese when he was young, but he cant remember most of it now.他小時候會講日語，但是如今大多數(shù)都不能記得了。Can

4、/ Could I have a look at your photos? Of course you can.能讓我看一下你的照片嗎？ 當然可以。Can Jim be in the classroom? No, he cant be in it.Jim可能在教室里嗎？ 不，他不可能在教室里。Where can Mary have gone? She cant have gone to school. Its Sunday.Mary可能去哪兒了？ 她不可能去了學校。今天是星期天。Everyone can make mistakes.每個人都可能犯錯。Accidents can happen t

5、o any drunken driver.任何喝醉的司機都可能發(fā)惹事故。It can be very hot here in summer.這兒的夏天可能會很熱。You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.你過馬路的時候再小心也不為過。You can never do the work too well.你工作要做得盡可能的好。can與be able to都表示才能，意義上沒有區(qū)別，但在形式和用法上有區(qū)別：1. can只有如今時和過去時，而be able to有更多的時態(tài)變化。將來時和完成時只能用be able to。2. can一般指自身

6、只有的才能，即be able to那么表示經(jīng)過努力后所具有的才能，相當于manage to do或succeed in doing.The young man cant carry the heavy box.這個年輕人搬不動那個重箱子。This time I failed the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time.這次我考試不及格，但下次我會及格的。3. 在否認構(gòu)造中was / were able to與could沒有區(qū)別。She ran fast but she couldnt / wasnt able to catch th

7、e bus.她跑得很快，可還是沒能趕上公共汽車。It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldntC. should D. neednt答案：B思路分析：考察情態(tài)動詞。句意為：不可能是詞匯導致了你習題中的問題，因為你知道很多詞匯。couldnt不可能，表示有把握的否認推測。may與might的用法Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the a

8、ncestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些節(jié)日，是為了紀念死者，或使祖先得到滿足，因為他們有可能回到世上提供幫助，也有可能帶來危害。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.假如鄰居什么糖果也不給，那么孩子們可能就會捉弄他們了。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the

9、most handsome rooster.有些人還有可能因為他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品而獲獎，比方最大的西瓜或最帥的公雞。At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中國人過春節(jié)要吃餃子、魚和肉，還可能會給孩子送用紅紙包著的壓歲錢。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colo

10、urful clothing of all kinds.狂歡節(jié)期間，人們身著各種艷麗的節(jié)日盛裝，伴隨著鼓噪的音樂，在街頭游行，晝夜跳舞。1. may / might可以表示懇求、答應(yīng)較can / could更正式；在疑問句中might語氣更委婉；肯定答復可用may或can，否認答復可用may not, cant或mustnt。mustnt表示“不可以，不許。2. may / might可用于表推測把握及可能性較小，可用在肯定句、否認句中，might語氣更弱。3. May+主語+動詞原形，可用于表示祝愿注意句式順序與構(gòu)造。4. may / might as well+動詞原形，“不妨“倒不如“還

11、是的好。5. may well很可能。May / Might I have a word with you? Yes, you may / can.或No, you may not / cant / mustnt. 我可以跟你說句話嗎？ 好的，可以。/ 不，不行。Why hasnt he come? He may be very busy now. / He may have missed the train. 他為什么還沒有來？他可能如今很忙。/他可能沒趕上火車。May you succeed / be happy!祝你成功！/祝你開心！May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！M

12、ay you have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快！Theres nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 沒事可做，倒不如去睡覺。Its too late. You might as well not go.太晚了，你不如別去了。Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt答案：B思路分析：mustnt表示“制止；may表示“有可能。句意為：Johnny，

13、你不可以玩刀，那樣可能會傷到你自己。shall與should的用法People should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.人們要掃墓，燒香，以緬懷祖先。1. shall用于主語為第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?. shall用于主語為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、許諾、威脅等。3. should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to。4. should表示推測、可能。這種推測往往有一定的根據(jù)，含有“按道理應(yīng)當之意，只用于肯定句。

14、5. should表示說話人的驚奇、憤怒、絕望等特殊情感。6.“shouldhave過去分詞構(gòu)造一般表示義務(wù)，表示本應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到，并包含一種抱怨、責備的口氣。Shall we begin our lesson?我們可以開場上課了嗎？When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么時候可以分開醫(yī)院呢？You shall fail if you dont work harder.警告假如你不更努力學習的話一定會不及格的。He shall be punished.威脅他會受到懲罰的。You should go to class right a

15、way.你應(yīng)該立即去上課。You should be more careful next time.你下次要更小心些。The roads should be less crowded today.今天道路應(yīng)該沒那么擁擠了。Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.令人吃驚的是，Mary竟然會喜歡Jack這樣的人。She should have finished her report.她本應(yīng)該完成那份報告的。It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring m

16、e food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could答案：C思路分析：考察情態(tài)動詞根本用法，句意：他們自己那么窮，_給我?guī)硎澄?，這讓我感動得心里不好受。should用在that引導的從句中，跟在某些形容詞或動詞之后，表示“竟然，居然，帶有驚訝的語氣。應(yīng)選C。will與would的用法Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.有時，在獵人捕獲獵物后，也舉行慶賀活動。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the

17、 cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.多數(shù)古老的節(jié)日總是慶賀寒冷天氣的完畢、春天的種植和秋天的收獲。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在歐洲國家，人們通常用鮮花和水果來裝飾教堂和市政廳，在一起聚餐。1. 表示懇求，多用于第二人稱的疑問句中，would語氣上比will更委婉。2. will

18、表示意愿、意志和決心，would表示過去的意愿和決心。3. will表示習慣性動作或某種傾向，“總是會，老是；would表示過去的習慣或傾向，譯作“過去常常。Will you give me a helping hand?請你幫我個忙好嗎？Would you open the window, please?請你開下窗戶好嗎？If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.假如你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。I will do anything to help you.我愿意做任何事情來幫助你。I will never do that again

19、.我決不會再那樣做了。The boy will sit there for hours looking at the traffic go by.那個男孩常常在那兒坐數(shù)個小時，看車來車往。He would go to the park to have a walk after supper.他過去常常在晚飯后去公園漫步。The car wont go.車發(fā)動不了了。He pushed the door, but it wouldnt open.他推了推門，但開不了。Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say wh

20、ere he was.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)but及其前句my brother called to say he was all right所表達的語境可知，此處應(yīng)該選擇wouldnt，表示意愿。句意為，幾天后，我哥哥打 來說他一切都好，但是不愿意說他在哪兒。must，mustnt與have to的用法When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones.當你吃魚時一定要小心魚刺。Well, you have to eat food with plenty

21、of fibre that helps you digest better.好吧，你得吃一些含纖維量多的食物，從而能幫助你更好地消化。1. must表示說話人主觀上認為“必須、“應(yīng)該。否認形式must not / mustnt表示“制止，不準，不要命令、建議、要求。must問句，否認答復須用neednt或dont have to答復。2. must表示肯定推測把握及可能性較大；只用于肯定句中must+動詞原形推測如今，must+ have done推測過去3. must可表示“一定，非要，偏要，用于對某種與說話人意愿相反、不受歡送的事的質(zhì)疑和反對。4. if you mustdo sth.“假

22、如你一定要那么做，表示雖不贊同卻可允許。5. have to表示客觀需要，常作“不得不；只好講。have to的相應(yīng)形式可以表示如今、過去和將來“必須做某事。have got to是have to的口語形式。6. have to的疑問式是“Do / Does / Did +主語+have to?，否認式是“do / does / did not+ have to。You must come on time.你必須按時來。You mustnt lend the new book to others.你不準把這本新書借給其別人。Must we hand in our exercise books

23、today?Yes，you must. No，you dont have to.我們必須今天把練習冊交了嗎？ 是的，必須。不，你們不必。She must be tired after such a long walk.走了這么遠的路她一定是累了。Must you play the piano at this time of night?你一定要在這么晚的時候彈鋼琴嗎？He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去過上海。Can I smoke here? 我可以在這兒吸煙嗎？If you must. 假如你非要的話。Why dont you talk with that

24、foreigner? 你為什么不跟那個外國人交談呢？My spoken English is poor, if you must know.假如你非要知道的話，我的英語口語很不好。 you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.A. Can B. ShouldC. Must D. Would答案：C思路分析：句意為：你必須如今插話嗎？難道你沒看到我正在打 嗎？抱歉，先生。但事情緊急。分析句意可知前者是問對方必須must要插話嗎，答語中的“urgent也是關(guān)鍵信息；can表示“可以；should表“應(yīng)該；would表“將會，均不合語境。用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1. He have the book when I finish reading.2. Even an experienced teacher make mistakes.3. I havent dec