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1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流從句中that和what的用法.精品文檔.that與what從句用法 that 與what從句是中學(xué)課本的一項(xiàng)重要語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,也是學(xué)生易出錯(cuò)的地方。現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下: 一、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 that與what都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如: What he said at the meeting was very important 他在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的非常重要。 (what在主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)) What surprised us is that he did it a

2、lone 使我們吃驚的是他一個(gè)人做了那項(xiàng)工作。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) That he did it alone surprised us 他獨(dú)自完成了那項(xiàng)工作使我們感到吃驚。(that用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在句中不作成分) 二、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 that與what都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分, 一般情況下可以省略 但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能省掉第一個(gè) that。 what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如: They stopped to see what was happening 他們停下來(lái)看發(fā)生了什么事情。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) The tea

3、cher got angry because of what the boy had done 那個(gè)男孩子做的事情讓老師很生氣。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)) All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple 所有的人都認(rèn)為拯救古廟是正確的。(that在賓語(yǔ)從句中不作句子成分且可省略) We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we m

4、ust work hard at it until we succeed 我們必須相信,我們每一個(gè)人都能把某件事情辦好;而且,當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這事情是什么的時(shí)候,我們就必須努力干下去,直到成功為止。(第一個(gè)that可省略,第二個(gè)that不能省略) 三、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 that與what都可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如: Mary is no longer what she used to be 瑪麗不再是從前那樣了。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)) The question is what we should do to

5、prevent him from going 問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幼霾拍茏柚顾ァ#╳hat在表語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)) The reason why he didnt come today is that his mother is ill 他今天沒(méi)來(lái)的原因是他母親病了。(that只起連接作用) 四、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句 that與what都可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,修飾表示抽象概念的名詞,對(duì)所修飾的名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。 這類名詞有:fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。 that在從句中不作句子

6、成分,但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如: I have no idea what we should do next 我不知道我們下一步該做什么。(what在同位語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)) He made a promise that he would study hard 他許諾要努力學(xué)習(xí)。 that只起連接作用 The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up 那個(gè)男孩兒表達(dá)了他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名飛行員的愿望。(that只起連接作用) 五、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在定語(yǔ)

7、從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that既可指人也可指物。that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如: This is one of the buildings that were built last year 這是去年建的樓房之一。(that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),指物,不能省略。) The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago 你昨天在街上遇到的那位醫(yī)生二十年前就來(lái)到這里了。that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ),指人并可省略。 注:what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如不能說(shuō): 1He did all what he could to s

8、ave the patient 2All what he needs is more time 應(yīng)將句中的what改為that,或去掉what, 還可以將以上兩句中的all去掉,但兩句的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了根本的改變: 句1中的what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,句2中的what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 六、引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 sothat suchthat so that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。what不能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,但whatever, no matter what可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如: He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write a

9、rticles for an American newspaper 他的英語(yǔ)進(jìn)步很快,不久就能為美國(guó)的一家報(bào)社寫(xiě)文章了。 Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun wont burn them 請(qǐng)把幼苗放在陰涼處以免太陽(yáng)曬枯它們。 Dont believe him no matter what he says 無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么,都不要相信他。that與what從句用法淺談(二)七、高考英語(yǔ)試題例: 1、_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C.

10、 How D. Where 2、In some countries _ is called equality does not reallymean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. one 3、Chen Jiagen was born in a family in _is now the special economic zone of China. A. what B. where C. that D. which 4、Water will continue to be _ it is today - next

11、 in importance to oxygen. A. how B. whichC. as D. what (根據(jù)全句的意思“水在將來(lái)還是現(xiàn)在的狀況-其重要性僅次于氧氣。”判斷,空格處缺少一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞,并且這個(gè)引導(dǎo)的意思是“的狀況”。) (正確答案是:1.A B 2 3.B 4. D ) 很顯然,這幾題是為了考查學(xué)生是否掌握了what 和that的實(shí)際含義及引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的用法差異而設(shè)定。那what 和that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)究竟有怎樣的差別呢? (一)、當(dāng)what用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句(不可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句);它本身在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或

12、表語(yǔ)。 1、 what表示“所以的(事)”的意思,相當(dāng)于“the thing(s) that”、“all that”、“that which”、“everything that”等。例如: (1) Leave it with me and Ill see what I can do.(what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并作do的賓語(yǔ)。) (2) What you have done might do harm to other people. (what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。) (3) What he said at the meeting astonished everybody presen

13、t. (what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。) (4) What is most important in life isnt money. (what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。) (5) But wait till you see what well make for you to your own measure. (what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。) (6) What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. (what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。) 2、 what 表示“所的(人)”

14、的意思,相當(dāng)于“the person that”等。例如: (1) He is not what he used to be. (what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作表語(yǔ)。) (2) She is no longer what she was five years ago. (what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作表語(yǔ)。) (二)、當(dāng)that用作連接詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,that 在從句中既不充當(dāng)任何成分,也無(wú)實(shí)際意義,僅起著連接句子的作用。一般不可省略(賓語(yǔ)從句除外)。若從句置于句子后面,代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。例如: (1) It worried

15、her a bit that her hair was turning grey. (that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)。 (2) It is a fact that Chinese is accepted as an international language. (that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句) (3) Can you believe (that) in such a rich country there should be so many poor people?( that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) (4) Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it themselves.( that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)

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