初二英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句用法

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流初二英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)之賓語(yǔ)從句用法.精品文檔. 賓語(yǔ)從句 一、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的概念賓語(yǔ)從句即指在主從復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句。對(duì)比下面兩句：簡(jiǎn)單句： I know him. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句： (I know ) that he is a teacher. 主句 （主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)） 賓語(yǔ)從句如：I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期過(guò)得愉快。He began to think about what he should do. 他開(kāi)始考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做。二、注意賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

2、詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)情況使用任意時(shí)態(tài)； 但若主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句必須要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)與主句呼應(yīng)。比較：He says he is busy. 他說(shuō)他很忙。 He said he was busy. 他說(shuō)他很忙。I know you will agree. 我知道你會(huì)同意的。 I knew you would agree. 我知道你會(huì)同意的當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher said that the ea

3、rth turns around the sun. 老師說(shuō)，地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。三、明確賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句屬名詞性從句，不管用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序總是用陳述語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）。如：She asked when she could leave. 她問(wèn)她何時(shí)可以離開(kāi)。Please tell me what you need. 請(qǐng)告訴我你需要什么。四、分清賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句部分表示陳述句語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。that只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒(méi)有詞義，且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篧e think (that) he will he

4、lp us. 我們認(rèn)為他會(huì)幫助我們。He said (that) he was good at English. 他說(shuō)他擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句部分為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)。if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有詞義，表示“是否”。如：I dont know if /whether he will come. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。She asked i

5、f /whether that was enough. 她問(wèn)那是否夠了。I wonder whether /if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下4種情況只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.在介詞后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.賓語(yǔ)從

6、句位于句首時(shí)：Whether well attend the meeting,no one knows.3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有what, who, whom, which, whose,when, how, where, why等。此時(shí)要特別注意賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句詞序，而不用疑問(wèn)句詞序。如：She asked who would like to go.  Tell me whose wallet this is.  I dont know _(他有什么問(wèn)題）。.He knows _ 他知道他

7、們住哪里。Tell us how you are getting on now. 告訴我們你現(xiàn)在過(guò)得怎樣？I cant tell you _. 我不能告訴你她為什么在哭。He didnt say _. 他沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)表示“什么”，有時(shí)表示“所的”: I asked what he needed. 我問(wèn)他需要什么。I gave him what he needed. 我給了他所需要的東西。 Please remember_(我昨天所說(shuō)的話）.【注意】1由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化同

8、義句。eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. => I don't know how to do with the presents.Eg:1)Please tell me what I should do next.(改同義句)Please tell me what _ _ next.2) I havent decided where I will go.(改同義句) I havent decided _ _五、賓語(yǔ)從句與否定前移當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，動(dòng)詞 為think, believe, su

9、ppose, expect, imagine ，后接一個(gè)表示否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。如： I dont think that it is worth doing. 我認(rèn)為這不值得做。I dont believe that he will help us. 我相信他不會(huì)來(lái)。：）（合并為復(fù)合句）（合并為復(fù)合句）6 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.it is fine，I will go out tomorrow2） I don't know if the tra

10、in has arrived.句1）中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2）中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞don't know的賓語(yǔ)。句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。判斷方法：1可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外）， 賓語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。2從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。 when充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。Eg:（從句）（從

11、句）3從時(shí)態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句要注意：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)（主將從現(xiàn)）。Eg:（_從句）。（_從句） 七、賓語(yǔ)從句與形式賓語(yǔ) it 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常在賓語(yǔ)從句處使用形式賓語(yǔ)it，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句移至句末。如：I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。He hasnt made it known when

12、 he is going to get married. 他還沒(méi)宣布他何時(shí)結(jié)婚注意：標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào)；是疑問(wèn)句則用問(wèn)號(hào)。eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題一 選擇 。1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D

13、. if; If2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he m

14、end C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the

15、train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know _.A. what is their stockings in B. wha

16、t is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means二. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子）Could you

17、 tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）I want to know _ the tra

18、in _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫(xiě)) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.三、將下面的句子合并成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong.

19、He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I wa

20、nt to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?8What does he often talk a

21、bout? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.9Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 10. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know _ he still _ in that street. 四、選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if y

22、ou are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does

23、the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who yo

24、u are waiting for C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so

25、 early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( ) 9.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens&

26、#160;   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the

27、computer. A. how check   B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 15. O

28、ur homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another  B. what, more   C. how ,other    D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone C. whe

29、re was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains     D. will yo

30、u have/ rains( )18. I really don't know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Li said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. A. that B. where C. which D.

31、what( )20. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new

32、 computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they _ ( can hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (g

33、o) or wait.六. 翻譯：1. Please tell me _. （我們什么時(shí)候會(huì)開(kāi)會(huì)）2. Can you tell me _? （他在哪兒）3. Could you tell me _?（我該怎么去車站）4. Would you tell me _? （為什么火車遲到了）5. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）6. Ask him _. （他是否能來(lái)）7. I don't know _.（是否要下雨） 感嘆句 感嘆句通常由what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。 what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以

34、下幾種： How +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)) How+形容詞/副詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))How +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))6)What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)! How time flies! What cold weather it is! 感嘆句巧解：感嘆句要看后面，即

35、看形容詞后面，1) 若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就用what a/an；2) 形容詞后緊跟不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，只用what。3）若形容詞后后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/these/those/Toms等等，則直接用how。如： 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是個(gè)多么好的男孩??！ 形容詞 單數(shù)名詞例句2：What good boys they are! 他們是多么好的男孩啊！ 形容詞 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天氣?。?形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 例句4：How good the boy is

36、! 這男孩多好?。?形容詞 the 若沒(méi)有形容詞，而出現(xiàn)副詞或是句子，直接用how.例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他彈得多好啊！ 副詞 （what不可以修飾副詞，看到副詞直接用how） How time flies!        How fast Liu Xiang runs!感嘆句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the s

37、tory is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is ！6)._hard the work is!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news you've brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、選擇填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How     

38、  B. How an C. What         D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, how                 B. What, whatC. How, what       &

39、#160;        D. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. How