環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語 pollution污染 acid rain酸雨 environmental problem環(huán)境問題 environmental disturbance環(huán)境破壞 biotic habitat生物環(huán)境 sulfur dioxide二氧化硫 nitrogen oxide氧化氮 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 automobile exhaust汽車尾氣 infectious diseases有傳染性的疾病 waterborne diseases水傳染的疾病 agrarian society農(nóng)業(yè)社會 industrial society工業(yè)社會 ind

2、ustrial revolution產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 urbanization城市化 industrialization工業(yè)化 developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家 developing country發(fā)展中國家 undeveloped country落后國家primary air pollutant一次大氣污染物 secondary air pollutant二次大氣污染物 monoxide一氧化物 dioxide二氧化物 trioxide三氧化物 carbon monoxide一氧化碳 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 sulfur dioxide二氧化硫 sulfur trioxide

3、三氧化硫 nitrous oxide一氧化二氮 nitric oxide一氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮 carbon oxides碳氮化物 sulfur oxides硫氧化物 nitrogen oxides氮氧化物 hydrocarbons碳?xì)浠衔?photochemical oxidants光化學(xué)氧化物 particulates顆粒物 inorganic compound無機(jī)化合物 organic compound有機(jī)化合物 radioactive substance放射性物質(zhì) heat熱 noise噪聲 contaminant污染物 strength強(qiáng)度 foreig

4、n matter雜質(zhì) domestic sewage生活污水 municipal wastewater城市廢水 microbe微生物 microorganism微生物 bacteria細(xì)菌 total solids總固體 inorganic constituents無機(jī)要素 suspended solids (SS)固體懸浮物 volatile suspended solids (VSS)揮發(fā)性懸浮固體顆粒 organic matter有機(jī)物質(zhì) total organic carbon, TOC 總有機(jī)碳 chemical oxygen demand, COD化學(xué)需氧量 biochemical

5、 oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量 biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染 groundwater地下水 surface water地表水 restriction限制 colloid膠體 screening隔柵 coagulation凝聚 flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀 filtration過濾 disinfection消毒 chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination預(yù)加氯 ozonation臭氧消毒 aeration曝氣 softening軟化 activa

6、ted carbon活性炭 adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis反滲透 desalination脫鹽處理microbial degradation微生物降解 biological degradation生化降解 biofilm process生物膜法 activated sludge process活性污泥法 attached-growth吸著生長 suspended-growth懸浮生長 shock loading沖擊負(fù)荷 organic loading有機(jī)負(fù)荷 mixed liquor suspended solids混合液懸浮固體 metabolize使代謝化 met

7、abolism新陳代謝 dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 pretreatment process 預(yù)處理工藝 primary clarifier初沉池 equalization basin均質(zhì)池 biological treatment process生物處理工藝 aeration basin曝氣池 secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物質(zhì) heterotrophic bacteria異養(yǎng)菌 autotrophic bacteria自養(yǎng)菌 hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留時間 sludge residence time (

8、SRT) 污泥停留時間solid waste固體廢物 municipal城市化 industrial工業(yè)的 agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的 hazardous危險的 residential住宅的 commercial商業(yè)的 putrescible易腐爛的 combustible易燃的 flammable可燃的 explosive易爆的 radioactive放射性的 Landfilling土地填埋 incineration: 焚燒 composting: 堆肥 compaction: 壓實(shí)，緊湊 sanitary landfill衛(wèi)生填埋 balance剩下的，余額，結(jié)余 batch-fed分

9、批投料 refuse垃圾 municipal waste城市垃圾 perform: 執(zhí)行 shut down: 關(guān)閉 energy recovery能量回收 incomplete combustion不完全燃燒 combustion燃燒 volume reduction體積縮小 anaerobic厭氧硝化 中英互譯短語 Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin調(diào)節(jié)池 aeration basin曝氣池 sludge blocs污泥絮體 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧 suspended-growth懸浮

10、生長 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎 biofilm生物膜 well-compacted landfill壓實(shí)填埋場 nutrient source營養(yǎng)源 mass-burning大量燃燒 fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃燒法 soil conditioners土壤改良劑 溫室效應(yīng)greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳預(yù)算the world carbon budget 天氣自然波動natural fluctuations 全球變暖global warming 厭氧的anaerobic 腐爛Putrefied

11、甲烷methane 臭氧層ozone layer 氣候模型climatic model 正常濃度：normal concentration 嚴(yán)重污染物：heavily polluted 決定因素：determining factor 光化學(xué)氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液體微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物質(zhì)：radioactiue substance 汽車尾氣：automobile exhaust wet oxidation濕式氧化 1、 Environment is the physical and b

12、iotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 環(huán)境是我們周圍的物理和生物環(huán)境，我們可以看到、聽到、接觸到、聞到和品嘗到的。 2、 Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health

13、, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms污染可以定義為大氣、水或者土壤在物理、化學(xué)或者生物方面的特征所產(chǎn)生的不愉快的變化，它對人類的健康、生存和活動或者其他的有機(jī)體都產(chǎn)生了有害的影響。 3、 Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem,

14、and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature目前大氣中二氧化碳的增多，是一個全球性的問題，還有酸雨問題，一般來說它都具有一定的區(qū)域特性，這就是兩個關(guān)于系統(tǒng)之間的相互聯(lián)系而產(chǎn)生重大環(huán)境問題的例子。 4、 With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resista

15、nt to controls. 經(jīng)過這些進(jìn)步，盡管還是有一些破壞性的影響，例如耕地、森林的消失，環(huán)境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制 5、 Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工業(yè)化兩者的現(xiàn)象，是過去和現(xiàn)在水污染和大氣污染的根本原因，在過去這些城市是處理不了的 6、 Rapid advances in te

16、chnology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下來的幾十年理發(fā)達(dá)國家，在水治理和部分廢水治理技術(shù)方面都取得了快速的進(jìn)展。 1、 What Is Air Pollution Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough con

17、centrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration. It can be a natural air component, such as carbon dioxide, that rises above its nor

18、mal concentration, or something not usually found in the air, such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city

19、or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup什么是大氣污染大氣污染一般定義為含有一種或多種濃度足夠高得

20、而且對人類、其他動物、植物或者物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生有害影響的物質(zhì)，有兩種主要類型的大氣污染，一次大氣污染是一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)直接排放到大氣中并達(dá)到一定的有害濃度，他可以是空氣仲的自然組分，例如二氧化碳，當(dāng)它的濃度升高到超過它的正常值時，或者一些平常在大氣中找不到的組分，例如汽車燃燒含鉛汽油而導(dǎo)致大氣中散發(fā)出一些化合物。二次大氣污染物是指在大氣中通入現(xiàn)有組分間發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生的一種有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。嚴(yán)重的大氣污染通常是在靜風(fēng)條件下經(jīng)過一段時間后結(jié)果一個城市或其他地區(qū)的大氣中有高濃度的污染物。一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置，例如洛杉磯和墨西哥的地理位置，使得它們經(jīng)常特別易受空氣流動停滯和污積物的增加的影響。 1、

21、 The most severe consequence of CO2 induced global warming would be melting of the polar ice caps and he subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains. 二氧化碳導(dǎo)致全球變暖最嚴(yán)重的后果將會是兩極冰塊的融化和海平面的上升以及沿海地區(qū)洪水的泛濫。 2、 Although global warming from the already elevate levels of atmospheric CO2 has b

22、een predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.雖然全球氣候變暖已經(jīng)是通過大氣仲CO2的濃度升高而被許多氣候模型而預(yù)測得到，如此的一種變暖還沒有以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地觀察 3、 Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately coincide with increased industrialization and pollution雖然他

23、們指出表面溫度和氣候的平均趨勢，但是他們不幸地與工業(yè)化增加和污染相一致 4、 High biomass systems: Many current approaches to high biomass system employ a combination of fixed film suspended biomass in the process. High biomass systems have gained a certain popularity in Europe. During the past few years, a number of investigations unde

24、rtaken in the Federal Republic of Germany have been reported. Among the advantages attributed to such systems have been improvements in nitrification performance, sludge settleability, and effluent quality.高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)：現(xiàn)在很多應(yīng)用在高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)的方法是生物質(zhì)固定膜上的組合工藝法。高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)在歐洲得到了廣泛的普及，在過去的幾年里，由德國聯(lián)邦政府著手的大量調(diào)查研究都被報道，在這樣的優(yōu)勢歸因于

25、系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)改善了硝化性能，污泥的沉降性和出水水質(zhì) 5、 Reasons for selecting high biomass systems over construction of additional aeration tanks and clarifiers(or other secondary treatment process) include reduced space requirements, increased process stability, and capital/operating cost savings.選擇高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)的原因是在傳統(tǒng)的曝氣池和澄清池或者其他二次處

26、理工藝的構(gòu)筑物中都有減少空間的需要，增加工藝的穩(wěn)定性能和節(jié)省操作費(fèi)用6、 High biomass systems call for installation of supplemental equipment over that contained in a conventional activated sludge plant, More installed equipment generally implies more maintenance, and, to some extent, this is true for some of the systems. In addition,

27、 the presence of both suspended and fixed biomass forms and higher biomass concentrations may require a certain level of additional operator time to achieve optimum system performance.高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)需要安裝輔助設(shè)備在那些常規(guī)的活性污泥廠里面，很多安裝的設(shè)備一般需要較多的維修費(fèi)用，在某些程度上，對于一些系統(tǒng)來說這是真的，除此之外，現(xiàn)場的懸浮和固定的生物質(zhì)的形式和高生物質(zhì)濃度都需要一個合適程度的額外操作時間來達(dá)到最佳的

28、系統(tǒng)性能。 7、 The presence of inert support media and higher biomass concentrations in these systems can increase overall power consumption. To achieve desired mixing patterns in retrofitted aeration tanks, power input may have to be increased. Also, the presence of additional biomass increases system ox

29、ygen requirements which, in turn, requires additional power input. In addition, high biomass systems generally yield higher levels of nitrification, which also can affect overall power consumption. Such factors should be addressed when analyzing operating costs. 這些系統(tǒng)的惰性支持介質(zhì)和較高的生物量集中的出現(xiàn)能增加全部的耗電量。為了達(dá)到

30、在曝氣池改進(jìn)理想混合模型，使輸入有力量可能必須被增加。同時另外生物量的出現(xiàn)增加系統(tǒng)氧需求，依次需要額外的電源輸入。除此之外，高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)一般達(dá)到較高的硝化水平，也能影響全部的耗電量。當(dāng)分析操作費(fèi)用的時候，如此的因素應(yīng)該被提到。 英譯中 1、 Typical waste generation facilities, activities, or locations associated with each of these sources are presented in Table1. The types of wastes generated, which are discussed next, are also identified.固體廢棄物的來源與設(shè)備、活動和土地有關(guān)的每一個這些來源在Table1中呈現(xiàn)，廢棄物類型的產(chǎn)生，然后被討論，也被識別 2、 Hazard