測(cè)井資料與應(yīng)用-文檔資料

1、OEPA , 2006測(cè)井資料與應(yīng)用測(cè)井資料與應(yīng)用(3)Geoscience Center, BeijingMay, 2009OEPA , 20062.5 聲波測(cè)井聲波測(cè)井 (Acoustic Log)OEPA , 20062.5.1 測(cè)量原理測(cè)量原理 * 聲波發(fā)生器激發(fā)聲波 * 聲波沿井壁滑行傳播 * 兩個(gè)接收探頭記錄聲波全波列信號(hào) * 測(cè)量聲波傳播經(jīng)過(guò)兩個(gè)接收探頭所用的時(shí)間 t OEPA , 2006Full wave formConventional acoustic log record P (compressional ), S (shear ) and stoneley wave

2、formcompressionalOEPA , 2006常規(guī)聲波測(cè)井常規(guī)聲波測(cè)井一般提供聲波一般提供聲波時(shí)差時(shí)差tGRtOEPA , 2006不同的地層具有不同的聲波速度和時(shí)差不同的地層具有不同的聲波速度和時(shí)差tOEPA , 20062.5.3 聲波孔隙度聲波孔隙度 通常地層巖石骨架的聲速都 遠(yuǎn)大于孔隙中流體的聲速 高孔隙地層飽含更多的流體, 其聲速將較低 * 記錄的總 t = 骨架 t + 孔隙流體 t* 聲波速度(或或t ) 與與孔隙度緊密相關(guān)soundsoundOEPA , 20062.5.4 應(yīng)用應(yīng)用 計(jì)算孔隙度計(jì)算孔隙度 估算地層破裂壓力估算地層破裂壓力 地層出砂分析地層出砂分析 計(jì)

3、算滲透率計(jì)算滲透率 縱合密度測(cè)井資料制作合成地震剖面縱合密度測(cè)井資料制作合成地震剖面 OEPA , 2006 Wyllie 平均時(shí)間公式平均時(shí)間公式 ( WTA ) 最常用的孔隙度公式最常用的孔隙度公式 : s = 式中式中, tma 純地層骨架的聲波時(shí)差純地層骨架的聲波時(shí)差 ; tf 孔隙流體的聲波時(shí)差孔隙流體的聲波時(shí)差; Cp 壓實(shí)校正系數(shù)壓實(shí)校正系數(shù) . Cp(tf tma ) (tc tma )OEPA , 2006壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正 固結(jié)不好(欠壓實(shí))的砂巖 t較高較高,用其計(jì)算的用其計(jì)算的孔隙度偏高( 28 - 50%),通常需進(jìn)行壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正公式: 致密地層 C

4、p = 1 固結(jié)不好(欠壓實(shí)) 地層 壓實(shí)系數(shù) Cp 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3pmafmaCtttt1100)(CtCshpOEPA , 2006 壓實(shí)校正圖版壓實(shí)校正圖版 范例砂巖 t = 110 s/ft不校正 : = 40%選擇 Cp = 1.5 : 27%OEPA , 2006泥質(zhì)影響校正泥質(zhì)影響校正)1 ()(shmashfVtVttshmafmaVttttshacVshpmafmaVCtttt1固結(jié)好固結(jié)好(壓實(shí)壓實(shí)) 紗巖紗巖 :固結(jié)差固結(jié)差(非壓實(shí)非壓實(shí)) 紗巖紗巖 : 簡(jiǎn)單公式簡(jiǎn)單公式:OEPA , 2006 油油,氣影響校正氣影響校正 油油,氣的氣的 t大于水大于水

5、- 油油/氣層處理出的氣層處理出的 AC 偏大 油油,氣影響校正氣影響校正 系數(shù)系數(shù): 氣層 t = 0.7 AC 油層 t = 0.9 AC OEPA , 2006GRClean sandclean sand: tlog 125 s/ft 125 s/ft tm 55.5 s/ft tf 189 s/ft Cp = 1.2 Vsh 0.1(10%) 0.1(10%) (125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2 Vsh 69.5/133.5/1.2 0.1 0.43-0.1 0.33 (%)Use cross plot: 0.3 % calculation Using acousti

6、c data along tOEPA , 2006研究巖石的物理特性研究巖石的物理特性* 可用可用 AC 資料計(jì)資料計(jì)算出許多巖石算出許多巖石的彈性摸量參的彈性摸量參數(shù)數(shù)* 著些彈性摸量參著些彈性摸量參數(shù)可用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)可用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)儲(chǔ)層壓裂儲(chǔ)層壓裂,出砂出砂等問(wèn)題等問(wèn)題OEPA , 2006OEPA , 2006Borehole BreakoutGood Borehole井壁穩(wěn)定性分析井壁穩(wěn)定性分析OEPA , 2006地層出砂分析地層出砂分析 Sanding PotentialPredictionOEPA , 2006用斯通利波計(jì)算滲透率* Permeability is a important

7、parameter for reservoir evaluation* Permeability is difficult to calculated accurately* Stoneley wave can be used to calculate permeability more accuratelyOEPA , 2006 合成地震剖面合成地震剖面OEPA , 2006OEPA , 2006OEPA , 20062.6 電阻率測(cè)井電阻率測(cè)井OEPA , 2006AMN0測(cè)量間距電源電壓表B測(cè)井儀器電場(chǎng)電阻率測(cè)井示意圖OEPA , 2006不同地層的電阻率不同地層的電阻率 松軟地層松軟地

8、層 (泥質(zhì)砂巖泥質(zhì)砂巖) 0.5ohmm - 50ohmm. 致密地層致密地層(碳酸巖碳酸巖) 10ohmm to 1000ohmm. 噴發(fā)巖噴發(fā)巖 (硬石膏硬石膏) 可高達(dá)幾千到上萬(wàn)可高達(dá)幾千到上萬(wàn)ohmmOEPA , 2006PresentationLinear scale logarithmic scaleOEPA , 2006Sand scale : 0.02 - 200Limestone scale: 2 - 2000OEPA , 20062.6.3 Dual Lateral Resistivity ToolInvestigate depth - deep log RD 80 in

9、- shallow log RS 60 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW OEPA , 2006ReceiverGround loopTransmitter2.6.4 Induction Tool Schematic Conductivity log Investigate depth - deep log RD 60 in - shallow log RS 40 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW OEPA , 2006* 8 Rt curves with differe

10、nt investigation depth (10 120 in)* The logging curves separate in the permeable zone. * The invasion profile shows us the flushed zone, transitionzone and virgin zone. HDIL (high resolution digital induction log)OEPA , 2006 Use focused current* Very shallow investigation (2-12 in)* Measure Rt of fl

11、ushed zone ( RXO)* Used for evaluation of invaded affection 2.6.5 聚焦及微電阻率測(cè)井聚焦及微電阻率測(cè)井OEPA , 20062.6.6 環(huán)境影響Invaded zoneNone invaded zone 泥漿侵入對(duì)地層的污染在泥漿侵入條件下的測(cè)井響應(yīng)OEPA , 2006 主要的環(huán)境影響主要的環(huán)境影響 井眼垮塌 電阻率差異大的圍巖 泥漿侵入.OEPA , 2006The affection of bed thickness Log pg7-4, fig 7-5Lower Rt of surrounding bedHigh Rt

12、of surrounding bedOEPA , 2006Bed thickness Correction( Induction log )Bed thickness 6 ftNo correctionThinner beds need more correctionDifferent Rs need different correctionOEPA , 2006Chart for borehole correction to dual lateralExamplegive:Rm = 1mRD = 10 mborehole = 11inRLLDcorr 10 1.4 14 ( 14 (m)OEPA , 2006Invasion affectionLow resistivity invadedHigh resistivity invadedOEPA , 2006High resistivity invasion Rw = 0.04m/29C Rmf = 1.16m/28.5C Rt (shallower) Rt (deeper). OEPA , 2006Low resistivity invasion Rw = 1.14m/30C Rmf = 0.16m/27.8C Rt (shallower) Rt (deeper