高中非謂語動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)表格版

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂 語動(dòng) 詞相對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間意義例句式不定式說明行為在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish等。I want to go home.I hope to see you.說明行為與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生，多 數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號(hào)的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓 唐0I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.式動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)出。We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job

2、.在動(dòng)詞 insist on; rely on; count on（相信）等后表示動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。He insisted on doing that work在有些明確表小時(shí)間先后的動(dòng)詞和介詞on;upon after代替完成動(dòng)名詞表小的動(dòng)作在謂語 動(dòng)詞表小的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.式分詞現(xiàn)在分詞持續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He stood there speaking.Holding a book u

3、nder his arm, he entered the room.終止性 動(dòng)詞說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后, 句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作立刻發(fā) 生。Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.過去持續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞通常說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句 中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.分詞I can't find my lost pen.說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的

4、動(dòng)作并無先后。He is a person well-known in this country.代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語70 0Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.完成式不定式說明行為動(dòng)詞在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的行為動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。I'm sorry to have troubled you.He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it.He seemed to have known it.在 wi

5、sh, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)后，說明行為動(dòng)詞沒有 實(shí)現(xiàn)。We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I had expected to heave by then.)完成式動(dòng)名詞說明動(dòng)名詞表小的動(dòng)作，此句中動(dòng)詞表小的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home.He denied having broke the glasses.

6、完成式分詞說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的 動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。多數(shù)表十些瞬時(shí)間動(dòng)詞。如果 是hear; see 或表小位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞 arrive;eave; turn; open. 不用完成時(shí)Having finished his work, he went home.Sitting down with him, we begun to discussit.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.非謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意義非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句表示被動(dòng)的意義The meeting is to be held next w

7、eek.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.不定式有時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意義，同被動(dòng)沒什么區(qū) 別，具有“應(yīng)該”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主 語的承受者，但有時(shí)作某些形容詞的賓語，如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。The box is not strong enough to stand this.It's too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to

8、 let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.表示被動(dòng)的意義He insisted on being sent to the hard area.動(dòng)名詞在動(dòng)詞need, require等的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和形容詞worth后，表示被動(dòng)的意義My watch needs repairing.The book is worth reading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義The building being built is a school.N

9、ot having been told, he didn't know where to start.過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義Heated, the metal expands.2. 一般現(xiàn)在分詞，完成的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義的區(qū)別非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句一般式現(xiàn)在分詞含有具體的意義，說明和句中謂語動(dòng)詞表 示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞The person being criticized is our monitor.元成式分詞表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)比句中謂語動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，一般是瞬間動(dòng)詞Not having been told about it, I don't know ho

10、w to do it.過去分詞具有一船的意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)，說明比句中 謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，有時(shí)同完成 式的被動(dòng)詞態(tài)口互換。Given more time,(二Having been given) I can do it much better.三.非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用1 .非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用一覽表非謂語動(dòng)詞句子成分不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞主語VV賓語直接賓語VV短語動(dòng)詞賓語VV賓語補(bǔ)語VVV介詞賓語V形容詞賓語VV表語VVV定語VVV狀語VV同謂語VV插入語VV2 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句不定式動(dòng)詞不定式表示比較具體的意義, 經(jīng)常和特定的動(dòng)作和執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系 起來，經(jīng)常帶時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)

11、狀語，有 時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。To master a foreign language is no easy job.To do it well is my earnest desireTo see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作主語時(shí)，常見 的另一種形式是在旬首用先行代 詞it作形式主語，而將動(dòng)詞不定 式（短語）移到謂語之后作真正主 語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容 詞，動(dòng)詞和名詞1）形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：important,difficult, eas

12、y hard possible）It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.2）動(dòng)詞作謂語（常見的動(dòng)詞后：require, cost, amusedelight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does n

13、o good to say like that.It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.3）名詞作表語It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞表求比較抽象（一般）和 經(jīng)常性的意義，有時(shí)可同/、定式互 換Collecting stamps is a good hobby.Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telli

14、ng what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)，常見的另一 種形式是在旬首用先行代詞it作 形式主語面將動(dòng)名詞短語移至謂 語之后作真實(shí)主語。用于這種形式 是一些特定形容詞和名詞1）形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile）It is nice talking to you.It's foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2）名

15、詞作表語It's waste of time doing this.It's no good (use)doing that.It's an awful job doing this. It's fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語成分非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句直 接 賓 語不定式不定式的邏輯主語一般同謂語動(dòng)詞的主語-<I want to read a novel.用于該形式的常見的動(dòng)詞后：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask

16、, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有時(shí)賓語省略不定式符號(hào)(常見的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon,He made believe he was correct.動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作 賓語時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足

17、 語，則可以用先行語 it作形式賓語，而將 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）后 移作直接賓語He found it necessary to work hard at English.用于該形式的常見的動(dòng)詞后：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine,udge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, thin

18、k.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語有 時(shí)同謂語動(dòng)詞的主語 不一aDo you mind my smoking動(dòng)名詞（短語）作賓語 時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足語則 可以用先行詞it作形 式賓語，而將動(dòng)名詞短 語后移作直接賓語We found it troublesome solving this problem.Weconsider it worthwhile spending sometime onthis.有一類動(dòng)詞后面必須跟動(dòng)名詞We enjoyed staying there.常見的動(dòng)詞后： admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confe

19、ss, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, nvolve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.有一類動(dòng)詞后向可跟 動(dòng)名詞也可以跟不定 式1)意義區(qū)別不大。He began learning (to learn) English a

20、t the age of five.常見的動(dòng)詞后：start, like, hate, love, continue,prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2）意義有區(qū)別a) remember doing sthremember to do sthb)forget doing sthforget to do sthc)regret doing sthregret to do sthd)try doing sthtry to do st

21、h e)mean doing sthmean to do sth f)stop doing sthstop to do sthg)can't help doing sthcan't help to do sthh)go on doing sthgo on to do sth記住做過某事。記住要做某事。忘記做過某事。記住要做某事。遺憾做過某事。遺憾要做某事。試著做某事。努力做某事。意旨做某事。打算做某事。停止做某事。停下來做某事。忍不住做某事。不能幫做某事繼續(xù)做某事。接著做另一事。短 語 動(dòng) 詞賓 語動(dòng)名詞這一類多是動(dòng)詞和小品詞構(gòu)成的短語He insisted on doing

22、that.常見的短語啟： stand up, leave off, put off, giveup, can't help(stand)不定式這一類多數(shù)是一些特 定的用法。He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.'d rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/loveto do sth,賓 語 賓 補(bǔ)不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的事實(shí)、將要和應(yīng)該做的事We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.I helped him (to) learn

23、 English.He arranged for me to stay there.常見的動(dòng)詞啟：1)省略不定式符號(hào)的動(dòng)詞： make, let, have, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at2)表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid,force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, wa

24、rn3)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.4)短語動(dòng)詞 arrange for, prepare for, providefor, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on動(dòng)名詞說明實(shí)際的情況，這種形式數(shù)量不多。We call this process testing.卜

25、/Veknow of the earth behaving as a large magnet.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程I found him coming in.He kept him waiting outside.如謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，這時(shí)分詞成了主語 補(bǔ)語，分詞形式/、變。He was seen coming in過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成，同賓 語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，說明動(dòng) 作在謂語動(dòng)詞表小的 動(dòng)作之前。have (get) 表示的動(dòng) 作往往表示別人完成， 有時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能由 主語完成We found him tied to the tree.I had my hair cut.I

26、can't get this motor started.如謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，這時(shí)分詞成了主語 補(bǔ)語，分詞形式/、變。He was found tied to the tree.介詞 賓 語i不定式立一類多是一些特定 I向形式，It1hardly remember what I did besides read.He had nothing in mind except to work hard.t is better to do some work than to spend the ime idly.rhere is no way out than climb the cl

27、iff.i動(dòng)名詞求一類數(shù)量較多。IE('m afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.3n (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came tosee his friend.In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.常見的短語：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth形 容

28、 詞 賓不定式這一類有些語法家也 認(rèn)為是這些形容詞的 原因狀語。I am glad to see you.常見的形容詞后：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry,thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxious, eager, prone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, ealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky, sad這一類肩些語法家也 認(rèn)為是這些形容詞的 原因狀語。I am surprise

29、d to see you.常見的過去分詞后：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed,embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, sc

30、ared, thrilled, vexed動(dòng)名詞這一類多是一些特定 的用法。The tree seems like trembling.The book is worth reading.He is busy working.114 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法連系動(dòng)詞例句不定式表示具體的動(dòng)作，表示打算、計(jì)劃、命令和要求等意義有時(shí)可用appear, seem, happen等作連 系動(dòng)詞To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.( 一 般同主語的形式一直)What I wanted to do is write it down.The onl

31、y thing you can do is wait and see.How am I to pay such a debtSuch questions are to be avoided.He was never to see his friend again.What he said proved to be true.He seems to be ill.常#語的名WW: aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞，說 明主語動(dòng)作的 情況和狀態(tài)。TK是 b

32、eWhat like best is swimming in the sea.My job is teaching English(My job is to teach them to learn English.)Seeing is believing.有時(shí)同/、定式可以互換Our duty is serving the people.Our duty is to serve the people.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，說明主語動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的。一般分詞后/、冉接任何成份有時(shí)可用become ; get等It is annoying that the meeting should be put

33、 off.常見作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising.過 去 分 詞相當(dāng)于形容詞 說明主語動(dòng)作 的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)， 一般后面帶介 詞短語，有些形 容詞化的過去

34、分詞前可加 very.有時(shí)可用Become ;get ;remain ;appear ; seem; fell; go; look 等動(dòng)詞He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that.My work is finished. My watch is gone.常見的過去分詞后：1)常見帶介詞about分詞： annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased,puzzled, shocked, worried 2)常見帶介詞 at分詞：amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, de

35、lighted, disappointed, disgusted,displeased, dissatisfied, excited,offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3) 常見帶介詞against 分詞： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4) 常見帶介詞 for 分詞：celebrated, concerned, destined, disqualified, noted, prepared,pressed, qualified. 5)常見帶介詞 in 分詞：absorbed,

36、celebrated, concerned,disappointed, delighted, dressed,embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6)常見帶介詞 on 分詞：founded, based, bent, set 7)常 見帶介詞 to 分詞：abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed, engaged, entitled, expos

37、ed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8)常見帶介詞 with 分詞：annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loaded, tormented, torture5 .非謂語

38、動(dòng)詞作定語非謂語動(dòng)詞位置意義和用法例句不定式動(dòng)詞不式必須放在所修飾詞（名或表小將要發(fā)生，應(yīng)該 做的動(dòng)作，說明動(dòng)作 在謂語動(dòng)詞表小動(dòng)作I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.代）后之后，具有形容詞性 質(zhì)。有時(shí)根據(jù)思思的需要加開詞,這時(shí)介詞不 能省略，因被修飾的名詞是它的賓語。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞放在在所修飾的詞前說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)，具有名詞的性質(zhì)， 它同所修飾的名詞問 /、存在什么主謂關(guān)系He looked me with questioning eyes.a living room.一股 形式分詞現(xiàn)在分詞在所修飾詞前，有些放在所修飾詞后說明正

39、在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，同它所修飾的動(dòng) 作存在著邏輯主謂關(guān) 系a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running過去分詞在所修飾詞前，有些放在所修飾詞后表小被動(dòng)的意思，多 數(shù)/、及物動(dòng)詞的過去 分詞/、能用作定語， 只有少數(shù)表示動(dòng)作改 變的動(dòng)詞表小在謂詞 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前完成a lost child, a fallen leaf, retiredworkers, faded flowersWe have no time left.Fill the blanks with the words given.短語不定式放在所修飾詞后一股表小要做和應(yīng)該做的

40、動(dòng)作。He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didn't have the chance to go to school in the past.1) 一般所修飾詞是抽象名詞agreement, attempt, claim, decision,decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, p

41、romise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish2）說明被修飾詞內(nèi)容的名詞campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means3）跟不定式作狀語的形容詞生成轉(zhuǎn)化來 的抽象名ability, ambition, anxiety,curiosity, eagerness, im

42、patience, reluctance, willingness分詞放在所修飾詞后現(xiàn)在分詞短語有動(dòng)作 進(jìn)行之意。過去分詞短語后被動(dòng) 之意。The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.This is the bird shot by the boy.My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days.6 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句不定式表示目的，很常用。He went home to see his mother.He came to ask a quest

43、ion.He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study.表示結(jié)果，很常用。She says so well as to bring down the house.Will you be so good as to tell him this?He is not old enough to do this.He is too excited to speak anything.表示原因，He laughed to see them fall down.He wept to hear the news.表示選擇和比較She ope

44、ned her lips as through to speakHe would die rather than give in.表示條件To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring.分詞表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于表示時(shí)間， 相當(dāng)于狀語從句when,while oHe went through the papers while having breakfast.Since leaving school, I met him only once.常用于這些連詞后 When, before, while, after, since表示原因，有時(shí)同用作時(shí)間狀

45、語的分詞難以分清，相當(dāng)于原 因狀語從旬 because, since, for 和 as。Being ill, he didn't come.Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.表小條件，相二丁條件狀語從句if oGiven more time, I can finish the work.We'll not attack unless attacked.Working hard, you'll succeed.表示讓步，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從旬 though, although 。Though warn

46、ed of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從 句，這種分詞前通常后thus 或 thereby。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.表小方式He sat there, as though waiting.7 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作同謂語非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句不定式不很常用He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this iss

47、ue, the other to come out in the next.動(dòng)名詞不很常用I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening.His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.8 .非謂語動(dòng)詞作插入語非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句不定式多是一些特定的短語To tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin wi

48、th,to cut a long story short, to be exact, so to speakTo tell you the truth, I don' t know computers very well.動(dòng)名詞多是一些特定的短語Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly speaking.Generally speaking, his work is successful.四.非謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式形式非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式for sb to do sth這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用先行代詞it作形式主語面將該結(jié)構(gòu)后移作

49、真正主語。It is impossible for me to do this.It is for you to decide.It is time for us to do this.There is a lot of work for us to do.I'd like you to do it.常引導(dǎo)該形式的形容詞有：dangerous, easy,useful, hard, difficult, strange, astonishing,pleasant, fortunate lucky, necessary, reasonable, right, wrong, natural

50、, interesting.with+名詞或代詞to dosth的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作I feel quite easy, with her to help me.It (That) is + 形容詞 of to do sth. 表示性格特征， 行為表現(xiàn)。 It kind of you to help me.常引導(dǎo)該形式的形容詞后：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, considerate, clever, cunning, clumsy, decent, foolish, good, honest, impudent, naug

51、hty, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, splendid, wise, wrong, wonderful, thoughtful.send, bring, take 等動(dòng)詞 表目的時(shí)，可帶出自己的邏 輯主語。The king sent the official to have a look.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞之前的名詞，如果是 有生命的，通常用所屬格表 示，如果是無生命的，則用 通格表示，現(xiàn)在后一種趨勢(shì) 用名詞和代詞代替所有格。His coming won't help much.I don't mind your (you) smoking.They insisted on our staying there.We are happy about his coming to see us.Do you remember Mary coming to see you ?I objected to you smoking here.分詞分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，一船沒 有自己的主語，其邏輯主語He stood there with his hand rising (raised).