高中英語人教版必修四教學(xué)案：Unit2Section3含答案

1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語語法初識(shí)高中英語原句感知自主探究 Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. However, he doesn't care ab

2、out being famous. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading .© Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him . Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing . He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind o

3、f rice that could feed more people . Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry. It is no use arguing with him about such a matter .動(dòng)詞-ing（短語）（加黑部 分）在句中可作主語（句、 、）；可作動(dòng)詞 的賓語（句）；作介詞（短語） 的賓語（句、）。 （2）動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作匚 適（句）。（3）it作形式上語，而動(dòng)詞 -ing（短語）作真正的主語（句 ）。語法剖析語法點(diǎn)一基本用法動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足

4、語和狀語。其基本形式如下:及物動(dòng)詞（do）不及物動(dòng)詞（go）主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving goneBeing exposed to the sunfor a long time will do harm to your skin暴露在太陽下太長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間會(huì)傷害你的皮膚。He enjoys walking in the field in a summer morning .他喜歡在夏日的早上在田間漫步。點(diǎn)津（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式常表示該動(dòng)作與句子謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞-i

5、ng形式的完成式則表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。（2）非謂語動(dòng)詞-ing形式若與其邏輯主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而不及物動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但可有完成形式。（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not,帶有邏輯主語時(shí)not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間。即時(shí)演練11-1.寫出下列句中的動(dòng)詞-ing（短語）所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?Playing with fire is dangerous. 主語Would you mind opening the window?賓語 Having finished his paper, he handed it to his tuto

6、r. 狀語When he walked past the playground, he saw some boys playing football happily .賓語補(bǔ)足語1 2.單句改錯(cuò) Excuse me for not my coming on time .把not放于my后 I'm sorry for having not kept my promise .having not fnot having(一)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語1 .動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，多表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式Laughing often will benefit you a

7、 lot .笑口常開好處多多。Having lived abroad for a long time makes him homesick .在國(guó)外生活了很久令他想家。點(diǎn)津意義不同的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式并列作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式Writing and reading are her two hobbies.寫文章及讀書是她的兩個(gè)愛好。2 .形式主語it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(1)It is + adj. + doing sth.It is/feels funny doing sth .做某事(感覺)很滑稽It is useless doing sth. 做某事無用It's

8、worthwhile doing sth .做某事是值得的(2)It is a waste of + n. + doing sth.It's a waste of time doing sth .做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間(3)It is no+n. + doing sth .It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth .做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思(4)There be + no+ doing (joking/knowing.)It is useless making such efforts.做這樣的努力是沒用的。It is a waste of time

9、 doing such work.做這樣的工作是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It is no good saying such words.說那樣的話沒有好處。There is no knowing how the project will be carried out .不知道這個(gè)工程將如何實(shí)施。即時(shí)演練22-1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up smoking . H is worthwhile reading/to read such a wonderful novel . It's

10、 no use complaining (complain) without taking action .There is no denying (deny) that the environment is from bad to worse .2-2,完成句子 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language .大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。 Wasting a person's -time is the same as killing him for his property .浪費(fèi)別人的時(shí)間無異于謀財(cái)害命。(二)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作

11、賓語1 .在 admit, avoid, consider (考慮),enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, delay, appreciate等動(dòng)詞之后只能用動(dòng)詞 -ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式He finally admitted having made such a mistake.他終于承認(rèn)犯了那樣的錯(cuò)誤。The little girl practises playing the piano every day.女孩每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。2 . 在動(dòng)詞短語 give up, feel li

12、ke, put off, get to ( 著手),object to, look forward to, devote oneself to, can't help(禁不住),can't bear/stand等之后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語I'm looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望著收到你的來信。He devotes himself to looking into the matter.他致力于調(diào)查這起事件的真相。助記接動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞(短語)：建議考慮堅(jiān)持練(suggest, advise, consider,

13、insist on, practise)允許想象棄冒險(xiǎn)(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)阻止抵抗否逃脫(prevent, resist, deny, escape)不禁介意保持完(can't help, mind, keep, finish)耽誤推遲求原諒(delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)過欣喜歡(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)即時(shí)演練33-1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 I often practise listening (listen) and spe

14、aking (speak).The boy was lucky to escape being punished (punish).3-2,完成句子 It is useful for someone who is trying to give up smoking .這對(duì)于正在試圖戒煙的人來說很有用。 I have never dreamed of visiting that place .我從未夢(mèng)想過要參觀那個(gè)地方。 It's quite hot today . Do you feel like going for a swim?今天很熱。你愿意去游泳嗎？語法點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓

15、語時(shí)，需要注意的問題（一）某些動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語后面既可以用不定式也可以用動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語1 .動(dòng)詞begin, start, continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，意義基本相IThey continued reading/to read .他們繼續(xù)朗讀。2 .動(dòng)詞love, like, hate, prefer等后可跟動(dòng)詞-ing和不定式作賓語，但接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常 性的情況，接不定式表示具體的動(dòng)作I hate walking in such a rainy day .（習(xí)慣）我不喜歡在這樣的雨天里散步。I hate to trouble you .（動(dòng)作）我真不愿麻煩你。

16、3 . 一些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語，但意義有很大差別go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事go on to do sth.接著做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事©top to do sth.停下來專做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事 forget to do sth.忘記要做某事try doing sth.試著做某事 try to do sth.試圖做某事remember doing sth.記得做過某事remember to do sth.記住要做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了 某事=regre

17、t to do sth.很遺憾要做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事I remembered locking the door.（記著事情做了 我記著鎖門了。When you leave the house, please remember to lock the door.（記著去做）離開家時(shí)，記得鎖門。4.在 need, want, require, demand, deserve等后用動(dòng)詞 -ing 的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng), need/want/require/demand/deserve doing = need/want/require

18、/demand/deserve to be doneThe cottage needs repairing=The cottage needs to be repaired.這所農(nóng)舍需要修理。The letter demands answering at once.=The letter demands to be answered at once.需要立刻回復(fù)這封信。即時(shí)演練44-1.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 He likes swimming but he doesn't like to swim this afternoon . （swim） He usually prefers

19、 staying in the house when it rains, but this time he prefers to_go_（go） out.42.單句改錯(cuò) I mean to changing it for another one . changingfchange（安徽高考改編 ）I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot turning off the lights .locking f to_lock;_turning f to_turn43. 一句多譯這位員工值得表揚(yáng)。（deserv

20、e）The_worker_deserved_praising .=The worker deserved to be praised.這個(gè)窗戶需要清掃了。The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning .=The window needs/requires/wantsto_ be cleaned .（二）動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語時(shí)，省掉介詞的情況花費(fèi)做某事歸納拓展spend . （in） doing sth .have difficulty/trouble (in) doing . 做有困難 /麻煩stop/prevent . (from)doing 阻止做某事

21、waste time (in) doing 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in) doing sth . 做某事很高興 /費(fèi)了很大勁He is usually busy (in) managing his shop.他通常忙于經(jīng)營(yíng)商啟。即時(shí)演練5用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Yesterday, I had difficulty/trouble in hunting (hunt) for some important information on the Internet.We all had a good time st

22、aying (stay) at your home . He usually spends his free time developing (develop) his own hobby .My dear child, don't waste too much time just playing (play) around .語法點(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1 .動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)的兩種形式(1)形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing(2)名詞(有生命白物體)'s+動(dòng)詞-ingHis being late again made his boss

23、very angry.他又一次遲到令他的老板很生氣。Jane's being carelesscaused so much trouble.簡(jiǎn)這么粗心惹來了不少麻煩。2 .動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)的四種形式(1)形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞-ing(2)代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞-ing(3)名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing(4)名詞(有生命白物體)'s或名詞(有生命的物體)+動(dòng)詞-ingHe made an apology for his/him telling lies to the public .他因向公眾撒謊而道歉。Outside the classroom, we co

24、uld hear the noise of the desks being opened and closed在教室外，我們能夠聽到課桌被打開及關(guān)閉的聲音。The chairman of the meeting was angry at John's/John being absent from the meeting.會(huì)議主席因約翰的缺席而生氣。點(diǎn)津(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式：not置于動(dòng)詞-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)之前，即：not doing .(2)能夠在句中充當(dāng)主語和賓語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式又可稱之為“動(dòng)名詞”(3)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(也可稱之為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))的否定形式為：形

25、容詞性的物主代詞/賓格/名詞/名詞所有格+ not doing .(4)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的“形容詞性的物主代詞/賓格/名詞”與動(dòng)詞-ing之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系Jerry's not arriving on time made people present angry.杰瑞未能按時(shí)到達(dá)令在場(chǎng)的人很生氣。Not knowing what has happened to his daughter makes the father upset.不知道女兒發(fā)生了什么使得這位父親很是不安。即時(shí)演練6用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子 His father's being ill mad

26、e him worried .他父親病了，使他很擔(dān)心。 We are looking forward to Jay_Chou's coming to give us a concert我們盼望著周杰倫來給我們舉赤二場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)二 Her_coming_to_help encouraged all of us .她兼而忙鼓舞后誦而后人。The baby was made awake by the_door_suddenly_shutting .這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。一一'一語法 鞏做真題鎖定考查方向做典題提升語法水平鏈接高考用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2016 全國(guó)卷 I

27、 )My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120- plus pandas at Chengdu .2. (2016 浙江高考書面表達(dá) )Planning (plan) is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do .3. (2015 陜西高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went

28、 on to thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career .4. (2015 安徽高考 )Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make .5. (2014 d匕京高考 )The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized (reco

29、gnize).6. (2014 湖南高考 Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions .7. (2014 江西高考 )When it comes to speaking (speak) in public, no one can match him .8. (2013 福建高考)Knowing (know)basic first- aid techniques will

30、 help you respond quickly to emergencies.9. (2012 湖南高考 )We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success.10. (2012 福建高考 )China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked(

31、attack) in the South China Sea .針對(duì)演練I .用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Everybody stopped talking (talk) as soon as the old expert began his speech .2. I have no trouble persuading (persuade) him to change his mind .3. It's no good making (make) an excuse for this .4. People appreciate working (work) with him bec

32、ause he has a good sense of humor .5. Putting/To_put (put) on more clothes is not so good .6. These flowers need watering/to_be_watered (water).7. He got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity .8. Being_invited (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family .9. I can not imagine the boy speaking (speak) so rudely to his parents .10. Meeting (meet) you has been a great pleasure.n .完成句子1. This book is worth reading_again .這本書值得再讀一次。一2. We must try to av