小學英語語法完美版

1、小學英語語法小學英語語法TinaDOC一、名詞（可數名詞和不可數名詞）二、人稱代詞三、冠詞四、動詞五、介詞六、數詞七、形容詞和副詞八、there be結構九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑問句4.祈使句十、時態(tài)：1. 一般現在時2. 一般過去時3. 現在進行時4. 一般將來時十一、“wh”的特殊疑問句一、名詞名詞專有名詞專有名詞普通名詞普通名詞可數名詞可數名詞不可數名詞不可數名詞個體名詞個體名詞集體名詞集體名詞物質名詞物質名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞表人、物質或抽象概念的詞1.專有 FIFA Peter CocaCola Indian May Olympics 2.普通（1）個體house bike

2、doctor photo （2）集體 class group family army （3）物質milk water snow （4）抽象friendship happiness英語語法中，名詞有兩種數的形式：英語語法中，名詞有兩種數的形式：1）單數（表示一個人或事物）；）單數（表示一個人或事物）；2）復數（表示多于一個的人或數）。）復數（表示多于一個的人或數）。 只有可數名詞才有復數形式。只有可數名詞才有復數形式。名詞的數：名詞的數： 名詞復數形式的構成名詞復數形式的構成不規(guī)則名詞的復數不規(guī)則名詞的復數由元音字母的變化構成：由元音字母的變化構成： man-men, tooth-teeth,

3、foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women2. 有些名詞的復數形式與單數的形式一樣：有些名詞的復數形式與單數的形式一樣： sheep, deer, fish(但也可以是但也可以是fishes)有些名詞變成復數時加有些名詞變成復數時加-en: child-children, ox-oxenPractise peach_ 2. zoo _ 3. glass _4. fox _ 5. lady _6. policewoman _ 7. house _8. photo _ 9. monkey _10. wife _ 11. rose _12. path _ 13. judge

4、 _14. map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps二、人稱代詞主格： I we you she he it they賓格： me us you her him it them形容詞性物主代詞： my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱后跟名詞后跟名詞能夠在句子中獨立作能夠在句子中獨立作主語、賓語或表語主

5、語、賓語或表語Practise_(他) is my brother.2. I had a letter from _ (她).3. Its all right; its only _(我).4. Today _(我們) went in _(我們的) car; tomorrow _(我們) are going in _(他們的).5. _(我) lend _(我的) books gladly to _ (我的) friends and to _(你的).6. Can you help _(我) with _(我的) English.7. When _(你) go to see _(你的) fat

6、her, please take these books to _(他).8. _(他們) found _(它) difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit所有格所有格所有格的形式所有格的形式單數人稱名詞末尾加單數人稱名詞末尾加 schild-childs以以-s結尾的單數人稱名詞末尾加結尾的單數人稱名詞末尾加swaitress-waitresss不規(guī)則的復數人稱名詞末尾加不規(guī)則的復數人稱名詞末尾加schildren-childrens以以-s結尾的復數人稱名詞末尾加結尾的復數人稱名詞

7、末尾加girls-girls以以-s結尾的一些人名末尾加結尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情況一般用下列情況一般用 “of”結構：結構：東西東西(沒有現成的復合名詞時沒有現成的復合名詞時): the book of the film2. 東西的一部分東西的一部分: the bottom of the box3. 抽象的概念抽象的概念: the price of success4. 當當of短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時：短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時： Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?雙重雙重 s結構也

8、可以用于結構也可以用于 “of”結構之后，如：結構之后，如：a friend of my fathers , 出現這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常只用出現這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常只用一個限定詞，又如：一個限定詞，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.冠詞不定冠詞不定冠詞a,an定冠詞定冠詞the只能用于單數可數名詞之前只能用于

9、單數可數名詞之前單數可數名詞單數可數名詞復數可數名詞復數可數名詞不可數名詞不可數名詞零冠詞名詞前可不用冠詞名詞前可不用冠詞不定冠詞的用法：不定冠詞的用法：表示表示“一一”，“任何一個任何一個”或或“不管哪一個不管哪一個”的意思。的意思。 I have a sister and two brothers.2. 在某些度量表示法中：在某些度量表示法中： We have PE lessons three times a week.3. 用在單數的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級用在單數的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級等。等。 George wants to be an engine

10、er.4. 在以在以what引導的感嘆句中，單數的可數名詞前。引導的感嘆句中，單數的可數名詞前。 What a pretty girl!5. 一些常用短語中。一些常用短語中。 have a good time, half an hour, have a headache.定冠詞的用法：定冠詞的用法：用來表示用來表示“獨一無二獨一無二”的意思。的意思。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 表示表示“說話的人剛剛提到過的人或事物說話的人剛剛提到過的人或事物”。 There is a boat in the river. The boa

11、t is made of wood.3. 用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。 the letter from America, the fourteenth of April4. 用在泛指的樂器名詞前。用在泛指的樂器名詞前。 He plays the piano.5. 一些常用短語。一些常用短語。 by the way, in the morning, Whats the matter?零冠詞的用法：零冠詞的用法：泛指的抽象名詞前。泛指的抽象名詞前。Life is very hard for some people.2. 泛指的物質名詞前。泛指的物質名詞前

12、。Water is very useful.3. 泛指的復數名詞前。泛指的復數名詞前。Books are my best friends.4. 泛指的泛指的“餐餐”名前。名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5. 大多數的專有名詞前。大多數的專有名詞前。He comes from France.6. 語言的名詞前。語言的名詞前。She can speak French.7. 在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winter is the best time for skating.8. 當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時。當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時。

13、My brother is a soldier.9. 在體育項目的名詞前。在體育項目的名詞前。play basketball1. 10. 一些常用短語。一些常用短語。 at home, go to school, at night1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is _English teacher. She teaches in _ primary

14、 school.4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5. China has _ population of 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people.6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman.7. None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8. _Party al

15、ways teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle School. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.11. _ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.12. Have you had _dinner? PractiseatheaTheana

16、anaa/aanthethe/The/aaThe/ 一、population常與定冠詞the連用,作主語用時,謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數形式。例如: The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增長得越來越快。 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the worlds population was about 1,700 million. 在二十世紀初,全世界的人口大約是十七億。 二、當主語是表示人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾時,謂語動詞用復數形式。例如: About sev

17、enty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國大約有百分之七十的人口是農民。 三、有時population可用作可數名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。例如: China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中國大約有十三億人口。 New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million. 紐約是一個有一千多萬人口的大城市。 在表

18、示多個地區(qū)的人口時,population要用復數形式populations。例如: Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts. 世界上很多地區(qū)一度人口眾多,種植大量的農作物;現在,這些地區(qū)已經變成了沙漠。 四、表示人口的多或少,不用much或little,而要用large或small。例如: India has a large population. 印度人口眾多。 Singapore has a small popula

19、tion. 新加坡人口少。 五、詢問某國、某地有多少人口時,不用How much.?,而用How large.?;在問具體人口時用What.?。例如: -How large is the population of your hometown? 你們家鄉(xiāng)有多少人口? -The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours. 我們家鄉(xiāng)的人口是你們家鄉(xiāng)人口的將近兩倍。 -What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? -The population of Canad

20、a is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬。 六、population還表示某地、某類的動、植物或物品的總數。例如: In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989. 然而在印度,老虎的總數已從1972年的2,000只增長到了1989年的大約5,000只。四、動詞四、動詞 動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質，動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等形式的變化。有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等形式的變化。

21、 小學階段所涉及的動詞主要有：實義動詞、小學階段所涉及的動詞主要有：實義動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞動詞、情態(tài)動詞can等。等。 實義動詞意思完全，能獨立用作謂語。實義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞（及物動詞是指后面要求有直接賓語的動詞；不及物動詞指后面不需要跟賓語的動詞）。 即行為動詞,表示動作的動詞。它分為及物動詞和不及物動詞兩種。 系動詞，亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb）。作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟形容詞（表語） 一肯一否三不定（must一肯，can not一否，may，might，could，三不定）shall（should） would Be動詞am, is,

22、 arewas, werebeenPractise1. He _ very good at English. 2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month. 3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday? 4. Mr. King _ in London two weeks ago. 5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What _ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A little girl _ flying a kite

23、. 8. Who _ not at school last Monday? 9. Have you ever _ to Japan?10. I _ not a nurse. I work as a doctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam動詞的基本形式第三人稱單數 動詞動詞be和和have的第三人稱單數現在式的第三人稱單數現在式分別是分別是is和和has。動詞的過去式現在分詞hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingc

24、arriescarriedcarryingPractise五、動詞的時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動詞形式。動詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動詞形式。小學階段所學的時態(tài)有：小學階段所學的時態(tài)有： 一般現在時：work/works 2. 現在進行時：am/is/are working 3. 一般過去時：worked1.4. 一般將來時：am/is/are going to work一般現在時通常表示經常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作或通常表示經常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作或目前的狀態(tài)。目前的狀態(tài)。常與時間副詞連用：常與時間副詞連用：always, often

25、, usually, every, on Sundays, twice a week等。等。基本結構現在進行時通常表示說話時或現階段正在發(fā)生或通常表示說話時或現階段正在發(fā)生或進行著的動作。它所表示的動作具有進行著的動作。它所表示的動作具有持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性。持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性。常見的與現在進行時有關的詞有：常見的與現在進行時有關的詞有：now, these days, look, listen等。等?；窘Y構基本結構一般過去時通常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或通常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語

26、連用：常與表示過去的時間狀語連用：yesterday, last, ago, just now, in 1998等。等?；窘Y構基本結構yes，he did.一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomorrow, next, Be going to do表示主體現在打算在最近或將來要表示主體現在打算在最近或將來要做某事；也可以表示做某事；也可以表示“預見預見”，即現在已有跡象表，即現在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。基本結構基本結構Peter _ (play) bas

27、ketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he _ (say) just now?3. Look! The lazy cat _ (sleep) in the sofa.4. There _(be) a book and two pens on the desk.5. _you _(see ) a film tomorrow morning? 6. She _(not play) the guitar at the moment.7. What _his father usually _(do) in the evening ?8. They _

28、( have ) a meeting next week, arent they? 9. Both he and I _ (be) teachers. 10. I _ (not feel ) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and _ (go) out.12. Lei Feng often _ (help) others and he was helpful. Next Sunday, we _ (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother _ (wait) for you at the schoo

29、l gate.Practiseplayssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting六、介詞六、介詞介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系。不能單獨作句介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系。不能單獨作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當的其他詞類、短語、從句）子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當的其他詞類、短語、從句）前面構成介詞短語。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語。前面構成介詞短語。介詞后

30、面的成分作介詞的賓語。方位介詞方位介詞in, on, at, under, to, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between時間介詞時間介詞in, on, at, after, before, fromto, past, between 其它其它of, by, with, into, out of, for, Practise1. Look _ the picture. Its the picture_ my school. 2. There is a school building _ my school. It

31、has five floors._ the school building, there is a big playground. _school, the children always play ball games there. 3. My classroom is_ the fifth floor. Its big and clean. 4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes _ school early every morning. She comes _bicycle. Then she does morning exercises _

32、us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card _ her. We love her very much. 5. There are some apples _ the tree. 6. Wheres your study? Its next _ my bedroom.7. The car _ the tree is Jacks. 8. The ball is_ the door, so you cant see it.9. _ _ _the house, there are many trees. 10.

33、 Listen! Someone is knocking _the door.11. There is something wrong _ my computer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofatwithvstay at home 呆在家， home 是名詞。vstay home 呆在家， home 是副詞， 這里 home 就和there 用法差不多。vhome用作副詞的基本意思是“在家,回家,到家”,多用在be home, go home, come home, arrive home, bring home,

34、 hurry home等短語中作狀語。 vhome本身含有“在”“到”的意思,故其前不可用介詞to或in。 七、數詞 表示數目的詞稱為基數詞表示數目的詞稱為基數詞 表示數目順序的詞稱為序數詞表示數目順序的詞稱為序數詞112的基數詞的基數詞：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319的基數詞：的基數詞： thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090的基數詞：的基數詞： twenty, th

35、irty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2129的基數：的基數： twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位數和個位數之間要加連字符號十位數和個位數之間要加連字符號“-”2. 百位數百位數：one hundred, two hundred, three

36、hundred, four hundredfive hundred and eighty-six, six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3. 千位數千位數：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five百位數和十位數之間加百位數和十位數之間加and。 注意注意 英語中沒有英語中沒有“萬萬”這個單位，所以常用這個單位，所以常用thousand來表示。來表示。ten thousand, thirty tho

37、usand, fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two英語序數詞第英語序數詞第1-19除了除了first, second與與third有特殊形式外，其余的都由有特殊形式外，其余的都由基數詞加后綴基數詞加后綴-th構成。構成。 注意：注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和和twelfth的拼法。的拼法。2. 十位數的序數詞的構成方法是：先把十位數的基數詞的詞尾十位數的序數詞的構成方法是：先把十位數的基數詞的詞尾ty中的中的y變變?yōu)闉閕，然后加后綴，然后加后

38、綴-eth,如：如： twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth3.十位數的序數詞如果含有十位數的序數詞如果含有1-9的個位數時，十位數用基數詞，個位數用的個位數時，十位數用基數詞，個位數用序數詞，中間用序數詞，中間用“-”連字符。如：連字符。如： twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4. 百、千、萬等的序數詞由百、千、萬等的序數詞由hundred, thousand, million等加等加-th,前面加前面加有關的基數詞構成。如：有關的基數詞構成。如： one hundredth, one thousandth 注意：序數詞前的注意：序數詞前的one不能

39、用不能用a代替。代替。 one hundred and twenty-firstPractise1. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of3.There

40、 are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of4._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade O

41、ne, Class Three D. class three, grade one6. We are going to learn_ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 7. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. s

42、eventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-fiveCDAABDC8. The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9. He will come h

43、ere _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth 10. Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten 11. We all like the_ boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten 12. There are_ mo

44、nths in a year. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 13. During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty14. Jenny was born_.A. on July 10, 1987 B. in J

45、uly 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10 BBABBBA八、形容詞和副詞形容詞形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞。是用來描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞。副詞副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。句的詞。 He is a good student. 2. The film is very interesting. 3. There is something wrong with the bike. 4. Lucy is older than Helen. The problem

46、is very difficult. 2. He wrote the letters carefully. 1. 方式副詞：方式副詞：carefully, quickly, suddenly 2. 地點副詞：地點副詞：here, there, up, down3. 時間副詞：時間副詞：yesterday, today, now4. 程度副詞：程度副詞：very, quite, much, just形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級v soonv longvloudvfastvwidevearlyvhappilyvcarefully副詞的比較級和最高級原形比較級最高級soonerlongerloude

47、rfasterwiderearliermore happilymore carefullysoonestlongestloudestfastestwidestearliestmost happily most carefully副詞的比較級和最高級(不規(guī)則)原形比較級最高級 betterworselessmorefartherbestworstleastmostfarthest/furthestwellfarmuchlittlebadly比較級的用法1. 用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示“比比更更一些一些”的意思，通常用一個由從屬連詞的意思，通常用一個由

48、從屬連詞than引導的狀語從句來表示和什引導的狀語從句來表示和什么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more information than I did.He runs faster than I.2. 如果我們要說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用如果我們要說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用 “as+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞+as”, 形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否定形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否定比較時，可以用比較時，可以用not asas,

49、not soas, 也可以用也可以用lessthan，如：，如：Jimmy is as tall as his father.I dont write as/so well as Helen.This film is less interesting than that one.比較級的用法3. 為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較雙重比較”的方法，的方法，這種結構后面不可跟這種結構后面不可跟than引導的比較狀語從句引導的比較狀語從句，越來越，越來越.如：如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country get

50、s more and more beautiful.Computers are getting smaller and smaller, and computing(計算計算) faster and faster.4. 表示兩個變化是一起發(fā)生的，可以把比較級形式和表示兩個變化是一起發(fā)生的，可以把比較級形式和the一一起用，表示起用，表示“越越，就越，就越”的意思。如：的意思。如：The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is.The earlier you start, the sooner you will be back. Practi

51、se1. Shanghai is _than Beijing. It is _ city in our country. (large) 2. Bill isnt as _ as Mike. Tom is _ than Mike. Who is _ of the three boys? (old) 3. Mary draws as _ as Bill, and she is much _ than him at singing. (well, good) 4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting _ and _.(warm) 5. Tom, Jon

52、 and I bought a computer each last week. Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine. It is _ of the three. (expensive) 6. It is a little _ today than yesterday. (wet) 7. Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago. (healthy) 8. Which do you like _, basketball, volleyball, or football? (well) lar

53、gerthe largestoldolderthe oldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermore expensivethe most expensivewetterhealthierbestBeijingers are true _ to the world. (friend)2. Look! How _ Kitty is laughing! (happy)3. I think July is _ than any other month in our country. (hot)4. She always listens to the teacher _ in class

54、. (care)5. The park is one of the _ parks in Beijing. (beautiful)6. She speaks English, but not as _ as his brother. (good)7. I was _ by the _ sound. (frightened, frightening)8. The music sounds _. (beautiful, beautifully)9. Dont make so much noise, or you will wake up the _ boy. (sleeping, asleep)1

55、0. Yesterdays concert was wonderful. Ive never heard such an _ one before. (excited, exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhottercarefullymost beautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexcitingvsleeping是sleep的現在分詞或動名詞。作前置定語,放在名詞前面。 3 .asleep adj.睡著的,作表語、賓語補足語,指狀態(tài)。vHe is asleep.vHe is sleeping.vDo

56、nt wake up the sleeping boy.vTry to do next time. （good）vI had seen the film only a few days . （early）vPlease speak .（slowly）vHe works than he used to.（little)vHe studied the subject than I do. (far)vYou must work much . (fast)vShe could dance even than a dancer. (gracefully)vCan you come over a bit

57、 ? (quikly)vThey work as as you do. (hard)vI didnt do as(so) as I should. (good)vShe can read twice as as he does.(fast)lessfurthermore slowlybetterearlierwellhardmore quikly more gracefullyfasterfastThere be 的結構肯定句：肯定句： There is/was a There are/were 一般疑問句一般疑問句:Is/Was there ? Yes, there is/was. No,

58、there isnt/was. Are/Were there? Yes, there are/were. No, there arent/werent.否定句：否定句： There isnt/wasnt . There arent/werent.There be表示表示 “存在有存在有”,即當我們告訴某人某事存在即當我們告訴某人某事存在(或不或不存在存在)常用這種結構。其中常用這種結構。其中there是引導詞是引導詞,本身無詞義本身無詞義;be為謂為謂語動詞語動詞,后面跟的是名詞后面跟的是名詞,也就是主語也就是主語,也就是說也就是說there be結構結構的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主

59、語在的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在there be 之之后。后。 There be 的結構 Some 和和 any 一般情況下，一般情況下， some用于肯定句中，用于肯定句中， any用于否定用于否定句和疑問句句和疑問句中。中。如：如： There is some milk in the bottle. There arent any pictures on the wall. Is there anything new in todays newspaper?3. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：Whats in the basket? There are some eggs in i

60、t.2) How many students are there in your class?1) There are fifty students.2. Be動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則：動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則： There is a pen and two pencils in the box. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.v只有there is going to be 的結構，沒有there is going have 的結構，there is going to be 是there be 的將來時be