初中英語主謂一致講解和練習題

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語主謂一致一）主謂一致的種類1語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意義上一致1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting. 單數(shù)形式代表復數(shù)內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.

2、 形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 二）主謂一致的應用1名詞作主語1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形

3、式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?！癮 group(crowd) of +復數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復數(shù)，前者強調整體，后者強調各個部分。2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。如：The police

4、are searching for the thief. 3）單、復數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數(shù)。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞，一般作

5、集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. 5）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主語有more than on

6、e或many a構成，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +復數(shù)名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, sci

7、ssors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復數(shù)，all ki

8、nds of后跟復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復數(shù)形式的單、復數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway sta

9、tion. （這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復數(shù)。11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。如：Betw

10、een the two windows hangs a picture.2由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1）用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love a

11、nd to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)而定。如：The teac

12、her as well as the students was reading in the library.3）以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據就近一致的原則。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代詞作主語1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your

13、 shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數(shù)。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words. 3）關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 4）疑問代詞wh

14、o, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數(shù)。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式，例如：Now all has been changed. All are present. either, neither單獨

15、作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如：Do(es) any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)seen the film.4分數(shù)、量詞作主語1）“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中

16、of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：A number of students have gone home.The n

17、umber of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)，例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作

18、主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)，例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of, (a) part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。5

19、名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù)。如：The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known

20、 engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier6從句作主語1）由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的

21、動詞應該是復數(shù)形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當one之前有the only等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數(shù)形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoples

22、D. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year

23、2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A

24、. is exploited B. are exploitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD.

25、were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bou

26、ght by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were pre

27、servedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are

28、 covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD.

29、am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ t

30、he newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has been C. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all stu

31、died the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ spo

32、rts and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoying C. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3. 解析：選A. who 為引導定語從句的關系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單

33、數(shù)形式。5.解析：選C. there be句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。6. 解析：選A. 主語為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。7. 解析：選A. 主語Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8. 解析：選C. 此處mathematics 為學科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9. 解析：選B. both-and-連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C. either 是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。11.解析：選B. what 引導的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要根據后面的名詞的數(shù)來決定，此處要用非第三人稱