上海牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)

1、上海牛津小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有usually , often , every day , sometimes ,always , at weekends , on Sundays 等表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成：1）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞+其他如：I am a student. He is_ Jim' s father. They are from Japan.2）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是行 為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)（非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如：I often watch TV at the

2、weekends.Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.主語(yǔ)（第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式+其他如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.3、動(dòng)詞三單形式的變化規(guī) 則: 一般情況下，直接加 s 如：read-reads , swim-swimsD 以 s, x, sh , ch , o 結(jié)尾，力口 es | 如：wash-washes , watch-watches , do-doe

3、sD 以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾，變 y為i,再加 es 如：study-studies , fly-flies不規(guī)則變化如：have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:啟7E句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答They watch TV every day.They don' t watch TV every day.Do they watch TV every day? Yes, they do . / No, they don' tShe watches TV every day.She doesn ' t watchTV every day.Does she watch TV ev

4、ery day? Yes, she does . / No, she doesn '. t現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)now , look, listen 等詞。1、定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句中常有如：I am washing clothes now.Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2、構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are ） +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞（V-ing ）3、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成: 一般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加ing如：read-reading , drink-drinki

5、ng , eat-eating , look-looking|以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉 e,再加ing如：write-writing , make-making , ride-riding , take-taking|以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母，再加 ing如：sit-sitting , swim-swimming , put-putting , run-running , stop-stopping , get-getting , begin-beginning , jog-jogging , forget-forgetting4、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí) 就是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在

6、分詞，它既有名詞性質(zhì)（可作主語(yǔ)），又有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語(yǔ)）如： Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating.5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:啟7E句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答He is running now.He isn ' t running now. Is he running now? Yes, he is . / No, he isn '. tThey are making a puppet.They aren ' t making a puppet.-Are they making

7、 a puppet? Yes, they are . / No, they aren ' ._一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、定義：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:a moment ago , just now , yesterday , last week , this morning 等。如： My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was_beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cake

8、s last Mid-Autumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.2、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 的變化規(guī)則:一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加 ed如：play-played ,listen-listenedlook-looked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞，加d如：live-lived , like-liked , taste-tasted 輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i,再加ed如：study-studied , carry-carried , cry-cried 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加 ed如

9、：stop-stopped , plan-planned不規(guī)則變化如:am/is-wassit-satgive-gaveeat-ateare-weretell-toldread-readfly-flewhave/has-hadsee-sawbuy-boughtmeet-metdo-didget-gotcome-cameput-putgo-wentmake-madedraw-drewrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換啟7E句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答He watchedTVyesterday.He didn ' t w

10、atch TV yesterday.一Did he watch TV yesterday?Yes, he did . / No, he didn ' .tThey played games just now.They didn ' t play games just now.-Did they play games just now?Yes, they did . / No, they didn ' .t般將來(lái)時(shí)1、定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中一般含有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：tomorrow morning , next week

11、 , this afternoon 等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成：be gong to + 動(dòng)詞原形如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.will +動(dòng)詞原形如：They will go swimming this afternoon.3、be going to 和 will 區(qū)別：be going to表示經(jīng)過(guò)事先安排、打算或

12、決定要做的事情，基本上一定會(huì)發(fā)生；will則表示有可能去做，但不一定發(fā)生，也常表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的臨時(shí)決定。如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.They are cleaning the libra ry now. I ll go and join them.be going to表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情；will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如:He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.be going to還可以用來(lái)表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用

13、于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如:Look! It ' s goitog rain.4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換:啟7E句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isn ' t going to have a picnic tomorrow. Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?Yes, she is . / No, she isn ' . tThey will go swimming this afternoon.They will not(won ' t) go sw

14、imming this afternoon.Will they go swimming this afternoon?Yes, they will . / No, they won' t句法1、陳述句說(shuō)明事實(shí)或陳述說(shuō)話(huà)人觀點(diǎn)的句子。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他1）肯定陳述句 We all like pandas very much.2） 否定陳述句 He doesn ' t do housevork at weekends3）肯定陳述句 改否定陳述 句 一般是在 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not 。Mary was at school yesterday.I can make a

15、model plane. > Mary was not at school yesterday. >I can not make a model plane. 不含 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的， 行為動(dòng)詞前要用助動(dòng)詞的否定式( don t ， doesn t ， didn t) ，后面跟動(dòng)詞的原形。He likes drawing pictures. >He doesn t like drawni g pictures.I went to the park yesterday. >I didn t go to the park yesterday.4 ) 陳述句改一般疑問(wèn)句

16、 有 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，把be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Mary was at school yesterday. > Was Mary at school yesterday?I can make a model plane. > Can you make a model plane? 不含 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，借助助動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，動(dòng)詞還原成原形。He likes drawing pictures. >Does he like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. >Did you go to the pa

17、rk yesterday?2 、 疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題，詢(xún)問(wèn)情況的句子，末尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。1 ) 一般疑問(wèn)句： 一般疑問(wèn)句常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事是否屬實(shí)，通常以 be 動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞開(kāi)頭，用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答，因此又叫是非疑問(wèn)句，通常讀升調(diào)。 Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes ， he is. / No ， he isn t. Do you have any hobbies? Yes ， I do. / No ， I don t. Can you play the guitar? Yes ， I can. / No ， I can t.2 ) 特殊疑問(wèn)句： 以特殊疑

18、問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，do you go to work every day?要求回答具體問(wèn)題， I go to work by car.不能用yes 或 no 來(lái)回答。 Howor連接。3 選擇疑問(wèn)句： 提供兩種或兩種以上情況，讓對(duì)方選擇，往往用 Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please.4 反意疑問(wèn)句 ：反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問(wèn)句組成。 It s a fine day, isn Yet sit?,it is. 3 、 祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。1 用于第二人 稱(chēng) ，通常省略 you 。 肯定祈使句： Open the door, please. 否定祈使句： Don t be late again.2用于第一人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng) ，通常以 let ( let 后跟賓格或shall 開(kāi)頭。Let me have a look. Let s play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?4 、 感嘆句表達(dá)喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾常用感嘆號(hào)( ! ，語(yǔ)氣用降調(diào)。1 what + 名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)Wh