英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、英語(yǔ)日態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解一.概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形 式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。二.種類：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)三.用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):"一1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .（包括be動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+ She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

2、通常與always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一1） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, last night ,someyears ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6 years ago.2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+ 例句：昨天他很忙He wasn t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No,3)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 a)-H

3、e was busy yesterday. he wasn ' t.4）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a）一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcall-calledb）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .livelivedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddiediedgraduategraduateddrivedrovec）以輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.study-studiedcarrycarriedcry-criedtry-triedmarry-marriedd）以先音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單，直接加-ed.playplayedstay-sta

4、yede）以、個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ed.stop-stopped plan-plannedpatpattedf）動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didgo-wentcome-camerun-ranwrite-wrotebeginbegandrink-drankkeep-keptleave-leftsleep-sleptmake-madelielaydig-dugeatateknow-knewcut-cutset-setletletread-readhurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書。去年我買了一輛自行車。每天晚上我聽音樂(lè)。3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）表示將來(lái)

5、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days 等連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ will/shall +V.原形+(第一人稱用 shall)I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.- -She will be 20 years old.- -Will she be 20 years old?- -Yes, she will./ No, she won' t .3)主語(yǔ)

6、+ will/shall +V.原形+ be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )- -What will they do next Sunday ?- -When will they have a meeting?4) be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.(x )復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .H

7、e(do) his homework at school every day.2 .They(finish) their work yesterday.5.他將騎自行車去學(xué)校4 .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +V.原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與 now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基

8、本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing + You are listening to me carefully now.3)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo - doingread - reading 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-inglike - liking take - takingleave - leaving live - livingreceive - receiving dance - dancing 以一個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stopping begin

9、 - beginningdig diggingswim swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen - listening open - opening eat -eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)6 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1) 表示過(guò)夫某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間M在講行的動(dòng)作.通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ) +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00

10、the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren ' t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.He(do) his homework now.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1) 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，for 5

11、 years, since 1994, so通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用up to now, in the past, recently, byfar, already, yet, ever, just 2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)1. I ' ve finished this work.Have you read ？Yes, I have. No, I haven ' t.What have you read?3) 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成)不規(guī)則變化如下do did donego wentgoneeatateeatencome

12、came come have had hadwrite wrote written be was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunkgive gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought boughttell told toldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet

13、let let4) 注意1. 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等)A) I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years

14、ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別)I(hear) form her recently / yesterday.8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào) 過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，常與by the time, bythe end offore , by等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的

15、狀語(yǔ)連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+ had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.當(dāng)我離開這個(gè)學(xué)校為止 他已教這個(gè)班級(jí)三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到這學(xué)期末我已學(xué)會(huì)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。時(shí)態(tài)部分總復(fù)習(xí)題I. Fill in the blanks.1. We usually(get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2. She(watch) TV when