2020屆高考英語二輪復習題型專練：七選五(科教科普類)+Word版含答案

1、1、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選 項。Critical（批判的）thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn' t mean you ' re thinking harder or longer . Here are sometips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.Qu

2、estion your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It' s hour brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. . Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from t

3、he bottom up.Don' t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of informatio

4、n that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don' t.Put yourself in other people' s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinkingskills. You may find t

5、hat a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little

6、pond just because your ego（ 自 負）feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.A. Actually, it ' s about thinking better.B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.C. Be someone that people know

7、 that they can count on.D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.G. So what is published in a magazine or online

8、 doesnt mean it ' s necessarily true.2、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選 項。A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals（ 痊愈）.Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.The study showed how the bodies circadian rhy

9、thm（ 晝夜節(jié)律 ）controlled the healing of wounds.It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circle a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day.In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published

10、in the journal Science Translational Medicine.The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases.（3）Night-time burns burns suffered between 8 o ' clock at night and 8 o ' clock the next morning were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.But after an average of 17 days, d

11、aytime burns - burns suffered between 8 o ' clock in the morning and 8 at night -were 95 percent healed. Wounds are very costly to treat. In Britain ' s National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per year. Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a

12、 lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.A. Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.B. The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.C. Specifically, their investigation found the following information:D. The new study's findings could help scientists develop better drugs.E. In other words, ni

13、ghttime injuries took an average of 11days longer to heal.F. Worldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound-treatment services.G. That's what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.H. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Restaurant chefs, home coo

14、ks, and foodiespeople who love good food often say that we eat with all of our senses.First, we use our sense of sight to appreciate how a meal is presented, either on a dinner plate or a dining table.Additionally, with our sense of smell, we breathe in the mouthwatering smell rising up from the mea

15、l. Finally, we enjoy the food with our sense of taste.But does sound also affect our dining experience? A new report from researchers at BrighamYoung University said yes." Hearing is often called the forgotten food sense” ,says Ryan Eassistant professor of marketing at Brigham Young University.

16、 On the other hand, watching loud television or listening to loud music while eating can hide such noises. And this could lead to overeating.During the experiments, the test subjects wore headphones and listened to noise at either a high or low audio level. The study found that subjects who listened

17、 to the higher volume noise ate more biscuits than those with the low audio levels.Elder says that when hiding the sounds of eating,like when you watch television or listen to loud music while eating, we take away the sense of hearing. The researchers are calling this the“ crunch effect ” ,which the

18、y admit may not seem like much at one meal. But over aweek, a month or a year, all that food can really add up. So hearing the sound of eating does reduce the amount of food you eat.Hearing the noises of your meal as you eat could also help you to be more mindful of the experience and perhaps help y

19、ou to enjoy it more.A.Then researchers gave them a hard snack: biscuits.B.But besides not overeating,there is another（好處）C.And this may cause you to eat more than you would normally.D.In fact, beautiful food is healthier than food that doesn' t look attractive.E.He notes that soft and sweet soun

20、d is thought to improve the taste of food.F.Our sense of touch can also be important when preparing or sharing food.G.He says that if people notice the sound the food makes as they eat it,they might eat less.4、How similar are language and music?Language is part of our daily life, no matter where we

21、live in the world. It is the same with music, whether you listen to it on the radio on your drive to work or sit before an orchestra. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture.? Both language and music have a writing system.In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a c

22、ollection of letters. Similarly, we use notes to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music.By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition of someone who lived hundreds of year

23、s ago.You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language they use. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situati

24、on.? Both share emotion.Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share in that emotion. When you feel happy, you might w

25、ant to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics.A. Both are expressive.B. Both vary with culture.C. Here are some of their similarities.D. How do you know

26、 that I am angry?E. We use language to express our thoughts.F. So just as you read English, you can read music.G. In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.5、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選 項。Tin Feeling Very Blue TodayEvery people has its own way of saying

27、 things and its own special expressions. Red is a hot color.When they are red hot, they are very angry about something. Fast loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is red hot, especially the kind called Dixieland jazz.People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in

28、 good health. The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the twentieth century. It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color that shows that they are in good health.Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opp

29、osite（ 相反）of red hot music.The color green is natural for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural color for humans. A person who has a sick feeling stomach may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves（ 海浪）may look very green.Sometimes a person may b

30、e upset because he does not have something as nice as a friend has, like a fast new car.Some people are green with envy（嫉妒）because a friend has more dollars or greenbacks. Dollars are called greenbacks because that is the color of the back side of the paper money.A. Someone who is blue is very sad.B

31、. That person may say he is green with envy.C. Many everyday American expressions are based on colors.D. Pink is a lighter kind of red.E. In some cases, colors describe a situation.F. Americans often use it to express heat.G. Blues is slow, sad and soulful.6、How to grow tomatoes?Given the proper cli

32、matic （氣候的）conditions, you can grow tomatoes nearly anywhere. Before you grow tomatoes, check if your area has the right climatic conditions for this purpose.And if it doesn , 'just give up this idea.t know how to grow tomatoes fromOne is to grow them from seed and the other is to grow them from

33、 the plants.The seeds usually take six to eight weeks to grow. If you don seed, you can consider buying the plants directly. Many of these plants can be found at most garden centers.Tomatoes don ' t grow well in coconditions.Tomatoes require areas with full sun and should have enough protection

34、from strong winds as well, that, they require a ' s morelot of water ; therefore, you had better water your tomato plants regularly. Check tomato plants daily for any ripe （成熟的）produce. Picking often helps more to grow. Once the end of growing season is coming, it' s helpful to remove any fl

35、owers as well.If you still have a lot of green tomatoes during this time , go ahead and pick them.These can be stored in a warm area up to four weeks, and then they will turn red.A. It's not that difficult to grow tomatoes.B. Doing this can help existing fruits grow.C. If it does, find some land

36、 for growing some.D. There is one popular way to grow tomatoes.E. There are two ways for you to grow tomatoes.F. Pay attention to all these things to grow tomatoes well.G. They require an average temperature of 65 F or higher to grow well.7、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Have you ever hear

37、d of a bug（蟲子）called the cicada（蟬）？Well,a special kind of these bugs live underground in the US for most of their lives.They have an interesting bio-clock. Every 17 years,billions of the noisy Brood V cicadas will swarm（ 涌現(xiàn)）to northeastern parts of the US, including New York,Ohio and Pennsylvania. B

38、ut there are usually a lot less of them compared to the Brood V cicadas.According to Discovery News,these bugs started their lives in 1999.Andas their 17-year life cycle comes to an end,they go above ground when their underground homes get warmer64 degrees Fahrenheit （about 18 C ） to be exact.Then t

39、he females will lay hundreds of eggs in trees.The baby cicadas will go underground,and the 17-year cycle will start over again.While they can be kind of annoying,these bugs don't harm humans.That sound is the male cicadas attracting the female cicadas.Besides,a large amount of laid eggs can some

40、times harm small trees and bushes because there are so many of the 17-year cicadas.However,after this summer,these bugs will mostly mind their own business until 2033. A.They feed on leaves and roots.8.1 t tells them when to go above ground.C.What makes Brood V cicadas so special?D.But they do make

41、a lot of noise during their time above ground.E.After about four to six weeks,the mother and father cicadas will die.F.For a different brood of cicadas,mating season is just around the corner.G.There are other kinds of cicadas that come around once a year or every 13 years.8、Every animal sleeps, but

42、 the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. .One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing （力口強）connections between brain cells, but the memory processes tha

43、t take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons （神經(jīng)元）in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapse

44、s in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.s sleep, w（If Tononi ' s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night it harder the next day to concentrat

45、e and learn new information - our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. "You keep wh

46、at matters," Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with mem

47、ories.E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.答案以及解析

48、1答案及解析：答案：A; E; G; D; B解析：本文為說明文。批判性思維是一種運用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以達到真正潛能的藝術。這是更好地思考。文中介紹了一些幫助你建立批判性思維基礎的技巧和想法：勇于質疑、會移情，為他人著想、與聰明的人相處等?？疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。本段是對批判性思維的定義。批判性思維是一種運用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以達到真正潛能的藝術。接著進行解釋：這并不是你思考的更久或更長。那是什么呢？”而是.”。分析選項，選項A（而是關于更好的思考）。不是.而是.， 正是一種常用的解釋，因此A項符合題意?？疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。第二段最后一句 "Then

49、 the whole foundation needs tobe rebuilt, from the bottom up.那么整個基礎就需要自下而上重建。由此可推斷 如果是錯誤的就是重建分析選項，E項（但是如果他們被證明是錯誤的，或者至少不是完全真實的呢 ?） 與后面的整個基礎就需要重建是互為條件。故選E項?？疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。本段的意思是說除非你親自調(diào)查過，否則不要把權威性的信息帶進來。因為我們無法都仔細檢查每件事，所以權威性的東西并不非一定是值得信賴，并非是真的。分析選項可知，只在G項（所以雜志或網(wǎng)絡上發(fā)表的內(nèi)容并不意味著這是 真的。）的意思與之相符，因為雜志上發(fā)表的東西相對

50、是權威性的。故G與本段意思相一致?？疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。本段的中心為：設身處地為別人著想即移情還可以幫助你培養(yǎng)批判性思維的技能。因為一點點理解就有助于深入了解他們。你理解他人越深，你做出的決定或判斷就越明智。分析選項，可知D選項選中的動詞understand與本段中的名 詞understanding,選項中的judge評判與本段中decisions決定,判斷是詞義的復現(xiàn)。而其句意不理解別人時不要評價別人”與本段意思相一致。因此 D項符合題意，故選D?？疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容：跟你身邊的聰明的人學習是最好的辦法,如果你想變得更聰明，那就不要自負，要與聰明的人交朋

51、友，總之就是要與聰明的人在一 起。本小題是對本段的總結 ，分析選項可知 B項（和比你更聰明的在一起）符合題意。2答案及解析：答案：B; A; C; E; F解析：語篇解讀本文介紹了一項科學研究，研究表明在白天受的傷比在夜晚受的傷愈合得更快。1. B細節(jié)句。根據(jù)空后信息可知，此處作者強調(diào)晝夜節(jié)律有很強的周期性，B項銜接前句，表明晝夜節(jié)律像時鐘或者計時器一樣，符合語境。2. A 細節(jié)句。 根據(jù)空前句中的"a cycle - a series of activities are repeated day after day口此周期每天循環(huán)，由此可判斷周期時長為 24小時，故選A。3. C過

52、渡句?？涨熬涮岬窖芯咳藛T研究分析了燒傷數(shù)據(jù)庫，空后句談到調(diào)查研究結果，由此判斷C項符合語境。4. E總結句。由上文信息可知，夜晚受的燒傷修復需要 28天的周期，而空后信息談到，白天受 的燒傷修復只需要 17天。因此可以判斷，夜晚修復的平均周期比白天長 11天，故E項符合語 境。5. F過渡句。根據(jù)空前句可知，創(chuàng)傷治療費用高，后文舉例"such services cost around $6.56billion說明治療費用不菲，因此F項符合語境。3答案及解析：答案：FGACB解析：空格上文闡述，我們通過視覺欣賞餐盤或者餐桌上的食物，空格下文闡述，用我們的嗅覺我們可以聞到食物散發(fā)出的香味

53、，因此推斷此處講述我們?nèi)绾问褂梦覀兊母泄倨穱L食物，所以F項 我們的觸覺在準備或分享美食的時候也是很重要的”符合語境，講述我們?nèi)绾问褂糜|覺享受美食，與上下文相符、故選 F。根據(jù)空格下文句首的“On the other hand可知，上下文講述相反的兩個方面。由下文人們在進餐時看音量較大的電視或聽喧鬧的音樂可以掩蓋就餐的聲音，會導致過度進食可以推斷G項范說,如果人們注意傾聽他們進食發(fā)出的聲音，可能會吃得更少”符合語境。故選 Go空格上文闡述在實驗中，實驗對象戴著耳機聽音量大小不同的聲音，空格下文闡述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)聽較高音量的比聽較低音量的實驗對象進食多。因此可知，實驗中，研究對象聽著音量大小不同的聲音吃

54、東西，所以A項 講究者給實驗對象一包松脆可口的零食：脆餅干”符合語境。故選A。空格上文闡述吃東西時看電視或者聽嘈雜的音樂會掩蓋進食的聲音，失去了聽覺，結合上一段的實驗結果可知，失去聽覺可以導致你進食超量。故選Co空格下文闡述傾聽進食的聲音可以有助于更加關注進食的過程因而更加享受美食的體驗。結合空格上文提到傾聽咀嚼聲"以避免過度進食推斷，此處講述了傾聽咀嚼聲的好處除了避免過度進食還有另外一個好處。故選B。4答案及解析：答案：CFBDG解析：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了語言和音樂有哪些相同之處。1. C 根據(jù)上文 Both language and music play a huge r

55、ole in our culture.可知，語言和音樂在我們的文化中扮演著重要的角色，下文介紹了語言和音樂的一系列共同點。C項（以下是它們的一些相似之處。）承上啟下符合語境。2. F根據(jù)設空前兩句可知英語和音樂都是可以被記錄下來并且能讀取的F項（正像你可以讀英語一樣你也能讀音樂，）承接上文。故選 F項。3. B本空下段落的主要內(nèi)容是音樂和語言都隨著文化而變化、關鍵詞是culture o 故選 B 項。4. D 根據(jù)空后的 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. 可知這里是說人們可以通 過語言和音樂表達情緒,D項（你怎么知道我生氣了 ？）符合語境。故選D項。5. G G項中的sad music及feeling down與空前一句中的 happy song及feel happy相對照，符合語境，故選G項。5答案及解析：答案：C; F; D; G; B解析：【文章大意】本文主要介紹了用顏色表達人們心情的各種方式。1.