狀語(yǔ)從句(原因,目的,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn))

1、狀語(yǔ)從句本質(zhì) 用不同的連接詞將主句與一個(gè)或幾個(gè)分句連接起來(lái)，以表達(dá)主句與分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。連接詞主句分句邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較、方式時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系類(lèi)型常用連接詞特殊連接詞重點(diǎn)間語(yǔ)句 時(shí)狀從when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as名詞：the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, next time, everytime副詞：instantly, immediately, directly連

2、詞：no sooner than, Hardly , when, scarcely, when主句從句的時(shí)態(tài)拾 配，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別1. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可以理解為"當(dāng)”的時(shí)候”辨析The performer will already have played the music when we get there.The performer will be playing the music when we get there.是否可以用while來(lái)替換？It is challenging for a company to remain internatio

3、nally competitive while the global economics are receding.when, while, as用法的區(qū)別when相當(dāng)于at that time ,引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的也可以是非延續(xù)性的 while, as相當(dāng)于during that time,引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性的 隨著英特網(wǎng)變得日益商業(yè)化，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用對(duì)商人們非常有利。As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to unive

4、rsalize access.公司很難在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的環(huán)境下保持自身的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。It is challenging that commercial organizations remain globally competitive, while the economics is receding.2. before, after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before可理解為在”之前，after可理解為在”之后 主從句時(shí)態(tài)可明顯體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的先后順序We should do everything for what we want before it is getting too late.He had nev

5、er gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 dollars worth of gambling.3. since, until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用since弓I導(dǎo)先發(fā)生主句中的動(dòng)作從句中的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生并且一直持用until引導(dǎo)后發(fā)生且非延續(xù)(1) since從句中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。I have worked in this company since I graduated.He has written to me since I fell ill.而由since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中如果出現(xiàn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式，表示該

6、狀態(tài)結(jié)束的時(shí)間點(diǎn)I have worked in this company since I was a student.He has written to me since I was ill辨析He hasn ' t contacted me since I worked in that company.He hasn ' t contacted me since I have worked in that comply.since引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，完成 時(shí)表示動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。(2) until狀態(tài)+until+時(shí)間點(diǎn)狀態(tài)

7、可以用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的否定形式表示。He had to stay abroad until the World War II came to the end.He couldn ' return his homeland until the World War II came to the end. notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)常用的否定詞還包括 never, hardly, scarcely, rarelynot until 正常結(jié)構(gòu)Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth ce

8、ntury. until置于句首Until about the middle of the eighteenth century, ice cream did not reach America.notuntil置于句首(倒裝)Not until the 1982 Convention was adopted, could the argument be made that there existed adequate and comprehensive maritime treaty law as such for the larger part of the world community

9、.4. 表示“一,就,”的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)引導(dǎo)詞as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作no sooner than., hardlywhen,scarcelywhen主句動(dòng)作先于從句動(dòng)作It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.5. 其他短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句介詞短語(yǔ) at the time, during the time, by the time其中by the time常與過(guò)

10、去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用He had already left by the time they arrived.He will already left by the time they arrive.名詞短語(yǔ) next time, every time, the day, for the first timeIn the classic children' s tale, the puppet Pinocchio' s nose grows longer every time he tells alie.The first time I can actually remem

11、ber hearing it in public anyway, was when Prince Charles was leaving Australia by boat.二地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1 弓丨導(dǎo)詞 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhereWhere they occur, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.2 wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)一種

12、強(qiáng)調(diào)的語(yǔ)氣，要與讓步狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的區(qū)分Wherever your school is located, you will be met by the Foreign Affairs Officer at the final point of the journey.Where there is a will, there is a way.A driver should slow down where there are schools.People prefer to work where they can fully display their talents.三原因狀語(yǔ)從句廣 連詞

13、 because, for, as, since< 介詞 because of, due to, owing to表原因可以表示原因，但不能做從句連接詞< 其他 in thatsee ing (that), now (that),con sideri ng(that), given (that)not that butthat in asmuch as, in somuch as, in as much as1 because, for, as, since(1) because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，只有because才能回答 why的提問(wèn)，只有because才能用only, just, pe

14、rhaps 修飾Perhaps because most of today' s cross-cultural marriages occur because of “ true love” , these couples work hard to overcome their difference.because的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句是否定的情況下，because引導(dǎo)的從句可能是按正常情況理解即否定主句謂語(yǔ)， 也可能是按否定轉(zhuǎn)移來(lái)理解(否定從句)，具體如何理解要結(jié)合上下問(wèn)進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義分析。He doesn' t exercise because he likes to.A. He lik

15、es to exercise by himself.B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.C. He ' s glad he doesn ' t have to exercise.D. He doesn ' t have enough time to exercise.In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor because she had more re

16、aders was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.(2) as, since, for語(yǔ)氣較弱，常用來(lái)表示眾所周知顯而易見(jiàn)的原因。其中for不能用于句首。As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.Since you are an English major, I guess you can help me

17、with this sentence.since常譯成 既然”，放在句首，for則不用于句首。2 because of, due to, owing to引導(dǎo)的表示原因的短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)后面只能接名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)，不能引導(dǎo)從句 其中owing to常置于句首，due to則不能置于句首We had an accident because he was careless.We had an accident due to his careless.Owing to his careless we had an accident.because of依然遵循否定轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)律The conference

18、'purpose is to demonstrate that we' reall continuing to focus on the economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates being low.It has long since been satisfacto

19、rily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.3復(fù)合連詞表示原因 in that引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句后，而起主句通常在做比較English has an advantage over most of the other languages in that it has become, so to speak, an international language.E-mail is differen

20、t from the traditional mail in that it sends and receives mails in a second. Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that)用法與意義都與since相似，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的含義They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.

21、 Given that they are inexperienced, they' ve done a good job.not that but that不是因?yàn)?，而是因?yàn)?，I haven ' t finished the report yet, not that I ' m lazy, but that I have no time.inasmuch as, insomuch as, in as much as, in so much as表示原因，常用于極為正式的場(chǎng)合 Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not

22、 reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.四目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用的連詞 so that, in order that, that其他連詞 lest, for fear that, in case in the hope that, on purpose that,1在so that, in ordfotthlP引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中常常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如may/might, can/could, shouldFormer Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted

23、 as saying that the old and infirm “ havea duty to die and get out of the way” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should remember what they had done.We climbed high （so） that we might get a better view.目的狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句后，但若要強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，也可提前。2. lest （以防），for fear th