英語國家概況試題庫

1、英語國家概況試題庫I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(10

2、%)1. TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStateswasframedinPhiladelphiain.A.1776B.1783C.1787D.16202. IntheUnitedStates,theDepartmentofadvisesthePresidentonforeignrelations.A.DefenseB.StateC.CommerceD.Labor3. RepresentativesintheUnitesStatesareelected.A.annuallyB.everytwoyearsC.everythreeyearsD.everyfouryears4.

3、 Whichofthefollowinghasthepowertomakefederallawsandlevyfederaltaxes?A.TheexecutiveB.ThelegislativeC.ThejudicialD.Thepresident5.TheNewDealwasstartedby.A.FranklinD.RooseveltB.J.F.KennedyC.GeorgeWashingtonD.ThomasJefferson6. WhichofthefollowingisNOTregardedasoneofthethreebasicreligiousbeliefs?A.Protest

4、antismB.CatholicismC.IslamD.Judaism7. WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthePresidentintheU.S.?A. TovetothebillspassedbytheCongressB. ToappointfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccurC. ToproposelegislationtotheCongressD. Tomakelaws8. ThefirstCatholicPresidentintheU.S.was.A.JohnF.KennedyB.GeorgeWashingtonC.Abra

5、hamLincolnD.GeorgeW.Bush9. Duetohisfirmbeliefinnon-violentpeacefulprotestinthespiritofIndia'sleaderGandhi,wasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.A.MalcolmXB.JohnF.KennedyC.MartinLutherKing,Jr.D.JamesFarmer10. In1972,U.S.PresidentmadeatriptoChinatoimproverelationswiththePeoplesRepublicofChina.A.Carte

6、rB.TrumanC.BushD.Nixon11. weretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.A.TheAnglo-SaxonsB.TheNormansC.TheDanishVikingsD.TheRomans12.isthesmallestofthefourpartsofGreatBritain.A.EnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland13. AllofthefollowingaremajornationalpartiesinGreatBritainexcept.A.theConser

7、vativePartyB.theLabourPartyC.theLiberalDemocratsD.theRepublicanParty14. InBritain,aVoteofnoconfidence,isdecidedby.A.theHouseofCommonsB.theHouseofLordsC.thetwomajorpartiesD.thePrimeMinister15. InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento.A.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.p

8、ublicschools16. Throughtheexaminationcalledthe11plus"，studentswithacademicpotentialgoto.A.grammarschoolsB.comprehensiveschoolsC.publicschoolsD.technicalschools17. WhichofthefollowingisnotinvolvedinmakingtheforeignpolicyinBritain?A. TheQueenB. TheForeignandCommonwealthOfficeC. ThePrimeMinisteran

9、dtheCabinetD. TheMinistryofDefenceandtheTreasury18. WhichgroupofpeopleCANNOTvoteinthegeneralelection?A.MembersintheHouseofCommonsB.LordsintheHouseofLordsC.TheUKcitizensabovetheageof18D.TheUKresidentcitizensoftheIrishRepublic19. Halloweeniscelebratedon.A.October31stB.November5thC.March17thD.December2

10、5h20. AllofthefollowingwasinventedinBritainexcept.A.footballB.tennisC.basketballD.cricketII.Defineterms1. BillofRightsintheUnitedStatesTheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentswhichwereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.Itwaspassedtoguaranteefreedomandindividualrightssuchasfreedomofspeech,therighttoa

11、ssembleinpublicplaces,therighttoownweaponsandsoon.2. JudicialreviewJudicialreviewreferstothepoweroftheSupremeCourttodecidewhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.3. ThestrategyofpreemptioninU.S.foreignpolicyItisalsoknownastheBushDoctrine.InanaddressdeliveredtotheWestP

12、ointgraduates,PresidentBush,forthefirsttime,putforwardthestrategyofpreemption.Bypreemption,theUSmeansthatwhenitdeterminesthatacountrywhichisrepressiveandhostiletotheUShasacquiredorproducedweaponsofmassdestructionorhasthepotentialtohavesuchweapons,theUSshoulduseforcetoremovethisthreattoUSsecurityands

13、houldnotwaittillthedangerbecomesimminentoruntiltheUSisattacked.4. TheHouseofLordsTheHouseofLordsconsistsoftheLordSpiritual,whoaretheArchbishopsandmostprominentbishopsoftheChurchofEngland;andtheLordsTemporal,whichreferstothoselordswhoeitherhaveinheritedtheseatfromtheirforefathersorhavebeenappointed.T

14、helordsmainlyrepresentthemselvesinsteadoftheinterestsofthepublic.5. Comprehensiveschools(inBritain)ComprehensiveschoolsarethemostpopularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday.Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfromacademicsubje

15、ctslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking.6. Constitutionalmonarchy(inBritain)Constitutionalmonarchyisamonarchyinwhichthepowersoftherulerarerestrictedtothosegrantedundertheconstitutionandlawsofthenation.InBritain,theQueenistheofficialheadofstate,butherpowersarelargelytraditionalandsymbolic

16、.Theconstitutionallocatestherestofthegovernment'spowertothelegislatureandjudiciary.7. FederalismAfederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.8. CountercultureInthewakeoftheFreeSpeechMovementandtheNewLeft,thereappearedaphenomen

17、onthathistorianscalledthecounterculture.ItrejectedcapitalismandotherAmericanprinciples.Theyhadmoralsdifferentfromthosetaughtbytheirparents.Somegroupsofyouthtriedtoconstructdifferentwaysoflife.Amongthemostfamouswerethehippies.Theysoughtnewexperiencethroughdroppingoutanddrugtaking.Butitwasmusic,rockmu

18、sicinparticular,thatbecamethechiefvehicleforthecounterculturalassaultonthetraditionalAmericansociety.Thecountercultureexertedagreatinfluenceuponpeople'sattitudestowardsocialmorals,marriages,careerandsuccess.9. AffirmativeActionItisaprogramthatseekstoredresspastdiscriminationthroughactivemeasures

19、toensureequalopportunity,asineducationandemployment.10. Blues(music)Bluesreferstoatypeofslow,sadmusicfromtheSouthernUS,fromthecityofNewOrleans.ItisderivedfromablendoffieldchanteyandspiritualaformofhymnsingingprevalentinAfricanAmericanChristianchurches.Thetraditionofthevocalballadusuallyaccompaniedby

20、aguitaralsocontributedtotheformofBlues.ThemusicoftheBlueshasapeculiar,poignantsadness.Thelyricsofthebluespiecesaresardonicfilledwithwry,self-deprecatinghumor.11. Sep.11terroristattackOnSeptember11,2001,terroristshijackedfourAmericanpassengerplanes,twosmashingintotheWorldTradeTowers,oneintothePentago

21、n,andthefourthonesmashingintothefieldsinPennsylvaniaasaresultofthestrugglebythepassengers.3,000innocentliveswerelostintheterroristattacks.Thewholeworldwasshocked,andanti-terrorismbecameapriorityontheagendaofthemajorityofthecountriesallovertheworld.12. TheHouseofCommonsTheHouseofCommonsistherealcente

22、rofBritishpoliticallifebecauseitittheplacewhereabout650electedrepresentatives(MembersofParliament)makeanddebatepolicy.TheseMPsareelectedintheGeneralElectionsandshouldrepresenttheinterestsofthepeoplewhovoteforthem.13. GrammarschoolsItisatypeofsecondaryschoolsinBritain.Grammarschoolsselectchildrenatth

23、eageof11throughanexaminationcalled11plus”.Thosechildrenwiththehighestmarksgotogrammarschools,whichlayemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschoolsandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities.14. PuritanismPuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohn

24、CalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievethathumanbeingsarepredestinedbyGodbeforetheyareborn.SomeareGodschosenpeoplewhileothersaredamnedtohell.Neitherchurchnorgoodworkcansavepeople.ThesignofbeingGod'selectissuccessinhisworkorprosperityinhiscalling.Theyalsoarguethateveryonemustreadthe

25、BibleinordertofindGod'swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshaveproducedagreatimpactuponAmericanculture.15. NewDealTheNewDealreferstothedomesticreformprogramoftheadministrationofFranklinD.Roosevelt.Itisgenerallyconsideredtoconsistoftwophases.Inthefirstphase(19331934),attemptsweremad

26、etoproviderecoveryandrelieffromtheGreatDepressionthroughprogramsofagriculturalandbusinessregulation,inflationandpricestabilization.Inthesecondphase(19351941),socialandeconomiclegislationwasprovidedtobenefitthemassofworkingpeople.III. Answerquestionsbriefly.1. Whatarethefourbasicrequirementsforsecond

27、aryschoolstudentswhowanttoapplyforarespecteduniversityintheUnitedStates?FourrequirementsforuniversityapplicantsintheUnitedStates:highschoolrecords;recommendationsfromhighschoolteachers;impressionduringinterviewsbytheuniversity;scoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests.2. Describebrieflythethree-tierednatio

28、nalcourtsystemoftheU.S.Americafederalcourtsystemconsistsofthreelevels:theSupremeCourt,federalcourtofappeal,andfederaldistrictcourt.3. DescribethefourcategoriesofinstitutionswhichcomprisethesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStates.Americanhighereducationsystemiscomposedoffourcategories:theuniversityw

29、hichcanconferbachelors,mastersanddoctoraldegrees;thefour-yearundergraduateinstitutions;thetechnicaltraininginstitution;andthetwo-yearcollegeorcommunitycollege.4. ListtherolesofthemonarchyinBritaintoday.Theroleofthemonarchtodayisprimarilyasymboloftraditionandtheunityofthestate.Besides,sheislegallythe

30、headoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderinchiefofthearmedforces,andsupremegovernoroftheChurchofEngland.ShealsoactsasadvisorofthePrimeMinister.5. WhatfactorsplayanimportantroleinthecontemporaryforeignpolicyofUK?Answer:ContemporaryforeignpolicyofUKisinfluencedmain

31、lybythreefactors:itsimperialhistory,itsgeopoliticaltraits,anditsspecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates.6. ItissaidthatBritishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasions.Whatarethemajorinvasions?ThemajorinvasionsinthehistoryofBritainincludetheRomaninvasionin43A.D.,theinvasionbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,theinvasion

32、bytheVikingsfromScandinavia,andtheNormanConquest.7. Illustratetheprincipleofchecksandbalanceswithexamples.Itisaprincipleofgovernmentunderwhichseparatebranchesareempoweredtopreventactionsbyotherbranchesandareinducedtosharepower.Exampleofchecksandbalances:thepresidenthasthepowertovetobillsandsuggestbi

33、lls;thejudgesareappointedbythepresident;theCongresscanimpeachthepresident;theSupremeCourthasthepowertodecidewhetheralawordirectiveisconstitutional(judicialreview).8. WhatarethemajorfunctionsofBritishParliament?ThefunctionsofBritishParliamentare:topasslaws;tovotefortaxation;toscrutinizegovernmentpoli

34、cy,administrationandexpenditure;andtodebatethemajorissuesoftheday.9. WhatwerethemajorideasinthOeclarationofIndependence?Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtosomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowerofgo

35、vernmentcamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentwastosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.10. WhatarethepowersoftheUSpresident?ThepresidentcanproposelegislationtoCongress.HecanvetoanybillpassedbyCongres

36、s.Butthevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsvoteinbothhouses.Thepresidentcanappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur.Heisthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforces.Hehasotherbroadauthoritiesinrunningdepartmentsandhandlingforeignrelations.11. WhatarethetwomajorconcernsofmanyAmericansabouttheirpoliticalsystem?Why?Oneconcernisaboutthehighcostofcampaigningforpublicoffice,whichmayforcecandidatestospendmo