最新新概念英語(yǔ)一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、一. 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。含有be動(dòng)詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beau

2、tiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蚠Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)

3、詞之間加 doesn' t動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虷e doesn ' t like books.She doesn ' t like him.The dog doesn ' t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesn ' t.Yes, she does. No, she doesn ' tYes, it does. No, it doesn ' t.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to hav

4、e a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don t.You don t want to have a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don t.Yes,

5、 we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they don t.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成： 主語(yǔ) be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?A

6、re the boys swimming across the river?變否定何在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?（必背）沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示

7、狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has當(dāng)"擁有"講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last night, the day beforeyesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is 的過去式為was， are 的過去式為wereI was at the butcher s.You were a student a year ago.Th

8、e teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butcher s?精品文檔精品文檔Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI was not at the butcher ' s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯

9、定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?（必背）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.變疑問句在句首加did,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?/p>

10、原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta yea

11、r ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn ' t.Yes, he did. No, he didn ' t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+i去分詞1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和 just, usually, already, sinc瑾時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch. 一了,不用再吃了 ）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their hol

12、iday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過 地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have

13、never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been tdfe 示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London隊(duì)已經(jīng)回來）He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5） 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變

14、疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)： I ve left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)： I left Beijing 3 days ago. I ha

15、ve been away from being for 3 days.5 . 一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in fivehours ' time, et表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+ 動(dòng)詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new hous

16、e tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his

17、new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.精品文檔特殊疑問句：What will you do?6 .過去完成時(shí)：用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I as

18、ked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShe hadn ' t finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn ' t.特殊疑問句：What had she done?7 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在w

19、hen, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8 .過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.一.特殊句型：there be句型，be going to結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be going to

20、結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+going to +動(dòng)詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI

21、 am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?（

22、必背）2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）There is+單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notTh

23、ere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.1 問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句一般疑問句:助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is your name?選擇疑問句: orDo y

24、ou want beef or lamb?反意疑問句: 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You don t need thaet np, do you?否定疑問句: 一般疑問句+否定詞Aren t you lucky? Don t you want have a rest?2 冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法詳細(xì)見筆記3 限定詞： some, any, many, muchsome, any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用somemany修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般

25、不用 many, much,而用a lot of,在 否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I don t have much money.4 名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞精品文檔無法分開的東西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米）抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness （寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用a, an修飾不能加s和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化:規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)

26、形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g. shelH shells bookf books規(guī)則2以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+ese.g. foxf foxes church churches, bus buses, watch watches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g. potato- potatoes, Negrg Negroes, herg heroes, tomato tomatoes, （口訣：黑人央雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radio f radios規(guī)則4以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為vese.g. lifeflives halffhalves, shelH sh

27、elves, dt尸 cities, wifefwives規(guī)則5以輔首,子母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g. sk尸skies flyfflies不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeeseteeth單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefish五.介詞（注意總結(jié)書上詞組）六.副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如:The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.

28、Certainly I will go with you.變化：1 .直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2 .以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,力口-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily3 .有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化 fast, hard, late4 .有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)： neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, might, need,1. .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can （能夠）,must

29、（必須）,may （可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot

30、.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：What can you do?（必背）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2. Must/have to的區(qū)另must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而 have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3. must, may, might表示猜測(cè)：must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have don盛示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have be

31、en doing表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。can t/couldn 表示不可能 t4. need 用法：表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don t.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done 表示被動(dòng)The flowers need watering.Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用You needn t go s

32、o early. =You don t need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn t.不定代詞及不定副詞：精品文檔SomeanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodyI looked for my book everywhere, but I

33、 can ' 1 find it anywhere.If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.Help! Somebody?Anybody?You are really something.Since everybody is here, let ' s begin our class.Where did you go? I went nowhere.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left.二.感嘆句:What +名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)What a b

34、eautiful girl she is!How + 形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)How beautiful the girl is!三.祈使句：第二人稱：let+其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加don' t反意疑問祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆好或者 句號(hào)，用降調(diào)?？隙ň鋭?dòng)詞原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy

35、.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞血型Don't come here.Don' t sit down.Don' t stand up.Don' give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Let ' s have a rest.（反意疑問）：Let ' s have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will y

36、ou?精品文檔四.倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg.精品文檔He can swim. So can I.I didn t go to class. Neritdhied I.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+主語(yǔ)so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), do, does/am, is, are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),am,is, are一般過去時(shí),did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),have, has一般將來時(shí),will,shall,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was, were過去完成時(shí)，had過去將來時(shí), would5 直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相

37、應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)be going to was/were going to/wouldcancouldmaymight時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here there, tomorrowthe next day, the following day, this that 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。6 直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的，或者是為誰做的。

38、所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ)，a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to 或 for主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.1 從句：賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句（限定性），表語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句（if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）賓語(yǔ)從句：如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主句中的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要

39、和主句統(tǒng)一；如果賓語(yǔ)從句為疑問詞引導(dǎo)，那么語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，動(dòng)詞在后。定語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句（if 引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）：主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What will you do if you win a lot of money?If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.2 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法（詳細(xì)用法請(qǐng)見NECII）結(jié)構(gòu)： to do,用法： 可以做除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分，語(yǔ)法上稱之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。做賓語(yǔ)：在一些動(dòng)詞后常用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，例如： want, like, ask ,try 做賓補(bǔ)： want sb.

40、to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do精品文檔精品文檔附錄：代詞及be動(dòng)詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞過去式 過去式的讀音形容詞的比較級(jí)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)代詞及be動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名詞性代詞mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisarebe動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g. shell-shells toy-toys規(guī)則2以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +ese.g. fox-foxes church-churches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+ese.g.