新高中語(yǔ)法時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句-高中(clause of time)【考點(diǎn)直擊】1 .引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞分類;2 .易混淆連詞的辨析3 .倒裝【典例探究】1. 【09 福建】 She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing thepiano yesterday.A. when B. whileC. afterD. since2.12012 山東卷】He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.A. as B. if

2、 C. unless D. though3.12011 四川卷6】As it reported, it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.A. whenB. before C. afterD. since4. 【10 陜西】John thinks it won t be long he is ready for his new job.A. when B. after C. before D. since5.【2012 全國(guó) II I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go

3、back home at once.A. when B. than C. untilD. after1 .【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)主從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前已經(jīng)完成，引導(dǎo)詞的意思是：當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，選Ao2 .【答案】A【解析】此處是 as引導(dǎo)這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這里 smile和apologize同時(shí)進(jìn)行，as意為：當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。句意：當(dāng) 瑪麗為她喝醉了朋友道歉時(shí)，他禮貌地微笑著。3 .【答案】D【解析】“It is + 時(shí)間段 +since + 從句(謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí))”為固定句型，故答案選D=句意為：正如所報(bào)道的那樣，自從清華大學(xué)建校以來(lái)已有100年時(shí)間了?！? .【答案

4、】C【解析】所填詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成It (will ) be+時(shí)間段+狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是：過(guò)多久才將.,選Co5 .【答案】A【解析】此題較易。只要辨認(rèn)出固定句型hardlywhen問(wèn)題即刻解決。句意：我剛到辦公室，我妻子就給我打電話讓我立刻回家?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查固定句型 hardlywhere 的用法?！局R(shí)要點(diǎn)】一、從屬連詞分類：1. 基本類 包括 when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as等。Did anyone call when I was out?我不在家時(shí)誰(shuí)來(lái)過(guò)電話嗎？We have k

5、nown each other since we were children.我們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。You ll feel better after you take the pills.吃完藥丸后你會(huì)感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed.睡覺(jué)前一定要關(guān)燈。2. 名詞類 包括（表示一 就一） the moment, the minute, the second, the instant , every time, eachtime , （the） next time , any time , the last

6、time , the first time 等。Tell me the moment （that） you get the results.你一拿到結(jié)果就給我打電話。Next time you come in, please close the door.下次你進(jìn)來(lái)，請(qǐng)關(guān)門(mén)。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him.每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我們談話時(shí)他說(shuō)他還需要兩天。3. 副詞類 如 immediately, directl

7、y, instantly等。如：I came immediately you called.你打電話我就來(lái)了。Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.我一進(jìn)門(mén)就聞到煙味。4. 句型類 包括 no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely - when 等。如：I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked.我剛把門(mén)關(guān)上就有人敲門(mén)。Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them.話剛說(shuō)出 口他就開(kāi)始后悔

8、了。二、易混淆從屬連詞辨析（一） When, while, as（1） when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，可用于主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可用于從句 動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。Most of the guests had left Sorry , I was out when you called me When he had finished his homework 一會(huì)兒。When the film ended , the people went back.電影一結(jié)束，看電影的人便回去了。when he arrived at the party.（call為短暫性動(dòng)詞）

9、對(duì)不起，你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。,he took a short rest . f finished 先發(fā)生）當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了When I got to the airport , the guests had left . （got to后發(fā)生）當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。注意： 表示“每當(dāng)一的時(shí)候”（暗示一種規(guī)律性），一般要用 when ：It s cold when it snows.下雪時(shí)天冷。He smiles when you praise him.你夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。when可用作并列連詞，表示“這時(shí)（突然）”；We were about to start wh

10、en it began to rain.我們正要出發(fā)，這時(shí)天開(kāi)始下雨了。在將來(lái)時(shí)從句中，常用 when,且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。主將從現(xiàn)原則You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書(shū)后，你可以借閱。When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I ll talk with him about this. 下周， 經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸?。高考鏈接?. （2011 浙江高考）One Friday ,we were packing to le

11、ave for a weekendaway my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when2 .（2010 全國(guó)卷II高考）Tom was about to close the windows his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till3 .（2010 四川卷 20） Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break shegottoherof

12、fice.A. sinceB.thatC.whenD. until（2）從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，不能和瞬間性動(dòng)詞連用。側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working .別人在工作時(shí)，請(qǐng)別高聲談話。While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.He is a worker,while hissister is a d

13、octor.Don t talk while you reeating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話。I kept silent while he was writing.在他寫(xiě)的時(shí)候，我默不做聲。注意：while也可以用作并列連詞，表示“而”、“卻（表示對(duì)比He likes coffee, while she likes tea.高考鏈接：1. （2011陜西高考）;他喜歡咖啡，而她卻喜歡茶。all of themare strong candidates,only onewill be chosen for the post.A. Since B. While2. （2011北京高考）C. If D.

14、 Asvolleyballisher main focus,shes also great atbasketball.A.Since B. Once C. Unless D.While3.A.（2010全國(guó)卷I高考） Maryso that B. although C.madecoffeeherguestswere finishingtheir meal.4.（2009.安徽高考）-The first twoI wonderarefreeA.while B. untilC.when5.（2009.遼寧高考）Itwhile D.how muchtheD. beforejust isn t fai

15、ras ifyouthirdcharge costsfor$30.yourservices.I was workingas a waiter last month;on the beach.C. for D. whilemy friends were lying A whenever B. though（3） as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其動(dòng)作為持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，多用于主句和從句動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)發(fā)生，可翻譯為“一邊，一邊”或者“隨著時(shí)間的推移”。As time goes on ,its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣越來(lái)越暖和了。As the time we

16、nt on , the weather got worse.（as 表示 “隨著” 之意 ）The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.隨著高度的增力口，大氣越來(lái)越稀薄。As years go by , China is getting stronger and richer.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去，中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.She wept as she spoke.她邊說(shuō)邊哭He looked behind from to ti

17、me as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時(shí)地往后看高考鏈接：Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,this was a memory she especiallytreasured.（06 廣東）A. as B. if C. when D. where（4）如果主句表示的是短暫動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)when,while 與as可互換使用。 He fell asleep when while, as he was reading.（read為延

18、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）他看書(shū)時(shí)睡著了。When /While /As we were dancing , a stranger came in.（dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。When /While /As she was making a phone call , I was writing a letter.（make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫(xiě)信。When/While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.（二）Before和after 表示“在之前（或之后）

19、”這兩個(gè)連詞大家貌似很熟，但其實(shí)是歷年高考中大家最容易犯錯(cuò)的兩個(gè)連詞。例如可以試問(wèn)自己下：before后面接先發(fā)生動(dòng)作后發(fā)生動(dòng)作？after后面接先發(fā)生后發(fā)生？摸清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序。牢記前（ before ）接后，后（after ）接前 這樣的口訣。（三）Before 和 Since（1） before有時(shí)可譯為“還沒(méi)就“。He had measured me before I could say a word.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)話.他就給我最好了尺寸。I hadnt waited long before he came.我還沒(méi)等多久他就來(lái)了。I slipped out before the l

20、ecture started.還沒(méi)等講座開(kāi)始我就溜了 出去。before也可用于it結(jié)構(gòu)，與since 結(jié)構(gòu)比較相似，注意它們所用時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。其結(jié)卞是：It will be + 段時(shí)間+ before sb. does sth. 表將來(lái)或It was + 段時(shí)間+ before sb. did sth. 表過(guò)去常譯作“還要多久才”。He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back.他要去澳大禾U亞了,3 年后才會(huì)回來(lái)。During the war he joined the army and

21、it was three years before he came back.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間他參了軍 ，3 年后才回來(lái)。（2）Since 自.以來(lái)1）若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞（如go, come, leave , start , begin等）的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的那一時(shí)刻起。這是最常見(jiàn)的一種用法。He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從來(lái)至U我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。Great changes have taken place in our school since you lef

22、t.自從你離開(kāi)這里，我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化。2） 若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示態(tài)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如live , stay , study , learn ,smoke,be等）的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。haven theardfrom him sincehe lived here.從他不住這兒起，我一直沒(méi)有收到他的信。haven teatensnakes since Iwas a student at school.was表小狀態(tài)haven teatensnakes since Ileft school.自從我畢業(yè)后就一直沒(méi)吃過(guò)蛇

23、。試比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來(lái)，他經(jīng)常給我寫(xiě)信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來(lái)，他經(jīng)常給我寫(xiě)信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為終止性動(dòng)詞）3）若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話 時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。He has written to me frequently since I have been ill. 這里 have bee

24、n ill 表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù) 性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開(kāi)始生病”時(shí)算起?！白詮奈疑∫詠?lái)，他經(jīng)常給我寫(xiě)信?！痹嚤容^：I ve written（從開(kāi)始算起）I ve written（從結(jié)束算起）her 20her 20lettersletters4) It is +段時(shí)間 +since I have been here.自從我來(lái)到這，我已經(jīng)給她寫(xiě)了20封信。since I was here.自從我離開(kāi)這兒，我已經(jīng)給她寫(xiě)了20封信。since sb. did sth.It has been + 段時(shí)間 + since have done sth.表示“從”起已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。兩句型意思相同,前者是規(guī)范

25、說(shuō)法,后者是口語(yǔ)說(shuō)法O用法：since從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，若從句中是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示該動(dòng)作結(jié)束有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了It isthreeyearssincehesmoked.他不吸煙已有 3年了。試比較:It isthreeyearssincehebegan to smoke.It isthreeyears兩句均意為：他吸煙已有since3年了。hehas smoked.注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示否定意義，試比較：他好久沒(méi)學(xué)漢語(yǔ)了。誤：It is a long timesince be didn t study Chinese.正：It sa

26、 longtimesincehe studied Chinese. （studied為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)從其動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起）（四）Till , until 和 not - until無(wú)論肯定句還是否定句，until的意思都是“過(guò)則反主”，即“過(guò)了從句所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作后，則發(fā)生與主句相反的動(dòng)作”。The baby wont stop crying until his mother tells him a story.過(guò)了他媽給他講故事這個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)間，小孩兒就停止哭泣了，但主句說(shuō)不會(huì)?？?，所以選擇until 。1）肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時(shí)，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判

27、斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。2）否定形式表達(dá)的意思是直至某時(shí)才做某事。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直至U 6 點(diǎn)才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直至U你教我后，我才會(huì)做。3）區(qū)別：until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told

28、me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。4）否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。Not until在句首，主句用倒裝 .Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉蹈了幾多歲月。（五）表示一就一”的結(jié)構(gòu)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, once, immediately, directly, instantly（從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)）

29、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.Tell him the news as soon as you see him.The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father is coming.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.hardly/scarcely - when, no sooner - than （hardly/scarcelyno sooner而when與then引導(dǎo)的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí))如果 hardly, sca

30、rcely 用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.sb. had hardly/scarcely done sth =Hardly / Scarcely had sbI had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door =Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone kno

31、cked at the door 敲門(mén)了。引導(dǎo)的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或no sooner 置于句首，句子必須.我剛一閉上眼，就有人在我剛一走進(jìn)房門(mén)，電話就響了。1.We were swimmingin thelakesuddenlythestormstarted.（2004 北京春 26）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.Itwasevening.wereached the littletownof Winchester.（2004天津32)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before3.Youcaneat food freein my resta

32、urantyoulike.（2004 重慶 21）A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however4.Scientistssay itmaybe five orsix yearsitis possibleto test thismedicineonhumanpatients.（2004福建 31）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when5.We toldthatweshould followthe main roadwereached thecentral railwaystation.（2004遼寧27）A.wheneverB.untilC.wh

33、ileD.wherever6.It is almost fiveyears wesaw each other lasttime.（2005 北京23）A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.whenI had hardly / scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang =Hardly / Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang7.Simon thought his computer was broken his little brother pointed ou

34、t that he hadforgotten to turn it on.（2005 北京春 35）A.until B.unless C.after D.because8 .The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.（2005 廣東 30）A.after B.before C.when D.then9 .-Did Jack come back early last night ?-Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home. （2005 福建 24）A

35、.before B.when C.that D.until10 . “You cant have this football back you promise not to kick it at my cat again.the old man said firmly.（2006 廣東 31）A.because B.since C.when D.until1.1 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_ I heard the steps.（2006 湖南 31）A.whi

36、le B.when C.since D.after12 .-How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to themoon?-Perhaps two or three years.（2006 福建 25）A.when B.until C.that D.before13 .-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting ?-He rushed out of the room I could say a word. （2006 四川 35）A.before B.until C.

37、when D.after時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1-13 : ADACBBABBDBDA【鞏固練習(xí)】1. It was quiet those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless2. It seemed only seconds the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. Hardly had he reached the school gate the bell rang.A

38、. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4. We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5. I recognized you I saw you at the airport.A. the moment B. while C. after D. once6. He was about to go to bed the doorbell rang.A.

39、 while B. as C. before D. when7.I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until8. John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till9. The children ran away from the orchard（果園）they saw the guard.A. the moment B. after C. before D. as10. No sooner had I arrived home it began to rain.A. when B. while C.