英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)第三單元reflection

1、 . Word Formation: From morpheme to word- Inflection & DerivationI溯源溯源 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的構(gòu)成，為什么英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的構(gòu)成，為什么英語(yǔ)單詞比漢字多單詞比漢字多或者或者 談?wù)勛约罕硢卧~的經(jīng)歷，可列談?wù)勛约罕硢卧~的經(jīng)歷，可列出一串單詞出一串單詞 帶領(lǐng)大家背一串單詞，帶領(lǐng)大家背一串單詞，領(lǐng)略構(gòu)詞法的妙處領(lǐng)略構(gòu)詞法的妙處 . inflection Altering the shape of a word so it will fit in a particular position within a sentence.(通俗解釋)In

2、flection, but not derivation , is determined by syntax.（區(qū)別之一） inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation（動(dòng)詞的詞形變化）, and the in

3、flection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension（詞尾變化）.The Inflectional Way of FormationNumber: Singularplural roofroofspsychiatristspsychiatristrabbitechomaplerabbitsmaplesechoesFurther Examples-To find out differences spy spies ray rays hero heroes church churches brief briefs

4、knif knives dwarf dwarvesdwarfsCase（Possession): Belonging to sbsth Corporate Corporates ethics Building Buildings heightFurther Examples-To find out differences colleges academic atmosphere JonessJones ; DickenssDickens z Maxs ; Rosss ks s childrens toys Bob and Marys Bobs and Marys bedroom Person

5、The first personeg:I wonder whether there is true love The second person eg:You prove that you are somebody really. The third person eg:She lives on her craftsmanship.Aspect體 It refers to the forms of verbs, indicating the conditions of actions, process or states in a certain period. 表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)處于

6、何種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式。 Classification:Progreessive Aspect 進(jìn)行體-（be）v-ingPerfective Aspect 完成體-(have) v-edExamples v I am speaking English now.She taught physics, but she was teaching maths that term.By 10 oclock she had been playing the piano for two hours.v By the end of the week, she has worked here for ten ye

7、ars.Tom has studied engineering for four years.Now the new road has been opened to traffic.Derivationderivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word, e.g. happiness and unhappy from happy, or determination from determine. It often involves the addition of a morpheme

8、in the form of an affix, such as -ness, un- and -ation in the preceding examples. Derivational, in contrast to inflection, can be make the word class of the original word either changed or unchanged. 與屈折變化的詞形成對(duì)比，派生詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的原始詞的詞類(lèi)可能相同可能不同派生法派生法 DerivationAffix詞綴前綴前綴prefix后綴后綴suffix否定前綴否定前綴其他前綴其他前綴名詞后綴名詞

9、后綴形容詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴副詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴前前 綴綴 意意 義義用用 法法例例 詞詞un-不，未不，未（= not) 加在形容加在形容詞或副詞詞或副詞前前unhappy, unnecessary, untouched, 相反動(dòng)相反動(dòng)作作加在動(dòng)詞加在動(dòng)詞前前uncover, untie, unwrap, unlock 前前 綴綴 意意 義義用用 法法例例 詞詞mis-表示錯(cuò)、表示錯(cuò)、誤誤加在名詞、加在名詞、動(dòng)詞或及動(dòng)詞或及其派生詞其派生詞前前mistake, misfortune, misreadin- ，il-im-，ir-不，不， 非，非， 無(wú)無(wú)加在形容加在形容詞或其派詞或其派生的名詞生的名詞或副詞前或副詞前inattentive, impossible. impolite, irregular, 前前 綴綴意意 義義用用 法法例例 詞詞dis-表示表示否定否定加在名詞或加在名詞或形容詞前形容詞前dishonour, disease表示表示相反相反加在動(dòng)詞前加在動(dòng)詞前 dislike, disbelieve表示表示分離分離剝奪剝奪除去除去加在名詞或加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前動(dòng)詞前discharge, dismiss . 總結(jié)：總結(jié)：Differences betwe