M3U3賓語補(bǔ)足語與主謂一致精講精練

1、M3U3BacktothepastGrammarandUsage語法精析一、賓語補(bǔ)足語的概念在英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，接了賓語意義仍不完整，還需要有一個(gè)其它的成分，來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)等，這個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語，簡(jiǎn)稱賓補(bǔ)。二、賓語補(bǔ)足語的形式：常見的賓語補(bǔ)足語有以下形式：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：1. Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.2. Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.3. LastSundayIsawyououtwithyoursister.4. To

2、hersurprise，shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.5. IsawhimdoinghishomeworkwhenIpassedhiswindow.6. Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimselfcoveredwithacoat.7. Thevillagersdidnotallowthemtobuildafactorythere.三、常見的幾種賓語補(bǔ)足語：1. 名詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)Hemakesitaruletoexerciseeveryday.PeoplecalltheplacetheGoldenTriangle.Weelectedhimpreside

3、ntofthecountry.注意：當(dāng)名詞表示獨(dú)一無二的職務(wù)、頭銜時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的名詞前通常不用冠詞。2. 不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)1) 常接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：ask/advise/allow/permit/forbid/force/expect/want/wish/cause/warn/tell/order/wouldlike/remindsb(not)todo等。Ourschoolforbidsstudentstosmoke.Pleasetellhimnottocomelate.2) 常接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞:hear/listento/see/notice/watch/lookat/

4、observe/feel/let/make/haveetc等。Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursadayinthepast.注意：改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，要加to,let和have不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry，todayhewasmadetocrybyher.3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：keep/find/leave/hear/see/smell/watch/get/send等。Don'tleavethewaterrunningwhenyoubrushyourteeth

5、.Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatamanwithhishandrestingonherarm.注意：感官動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。WeoftenhearAlicesingtheABCsong.Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.4. 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，能接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有:get/have/leave/make/hear/see/watch/notice等。KestrchakehimselfIhadmyhairc

6、utlastSunday.ThespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldnHeleftthedoorunlockedwhenhewasaway.注意：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，只表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作已完成，不表示被動(dòng)的意思。Shefoundherwalletgone.介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Itisnotgoodmannerstospeakwithyourmouthfull.Thecitylooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.Thewomanwithababyonherbacklivesdownstairs.Withsomuchwor

7、ktodo,wecan'tkillanytimebyplayingcards.Withaboyleadingtheway,theystartedtowardsthevillage.Withtheproblemssettled,weallfeltveryhappy.Hediedwithhisdaughteraschoolgirl.1) 賓語補(bǔ)足語中常見的結(jié)構(gòu)havesthdone使(讓)某事被；遭受1. havesb/sthdoing使(讓)某人/物持續(xù)做某事havesbdosth使(讓)某人做某事Iwon'thaveyou(stand)thewholeday.2. I'

8、llhavethegardener(plant)sometrees.3. Whowouldyouratherhave(post)theletterforyou?4. Hehadhishouse(paint)lastmonth.5. -I'mgoingtoshanghaiforholiday.-Doyouhaveanything(take)toyourson?使某人成為.使某人做某事使某物被.(captain)ofourfootballteam.(hear)abovethenoiseofthetraffic.(grow)?(work)twelvehoursaday.2) makesb+n

9、.makesbdosthmakesb/sthdoneHecouldn'tmakehimselfWhatmakesthegrassTheboywasmakeleavesbdoingsthleavesthdonecatchsbdoingsthfindsbdoingsthfindsthdoneget/setsbdoingWemadehim讓某人一直做某事留下.被.逮到某人正在做.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做.發(fā)現(xiàn).被做.使某人做1. Don'leavethewater2. Pollyfoundherself(run)whenyoubrushyourteeth.(stare)upatamanwith

10、hishandrestingonherarm.3. Heleftthedoor(unlock)whenhewasaway.1. 4)find/think/consider/make/feel+it+adj./n.+that-/todo主謂一致(subject-verbagreement)一、名詞作主語某些集體名詞作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類集體名詞常見的有：family,class,committee,crowd,government,group,team.表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的集體名詞有cattle,people,police,pub

11、lic。Hisfamilyisverylarge.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，反之，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),Chinese,Japanese等。Everypossiblemeanshasbeentriedout.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentriedout.3. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、體積、重量、面積、數(shù)字等詞語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessary

12、preparations.4. 如果主語有morethanone或manya構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是表示復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonecomradehasaskedtostay.Manyapassengerwaskilledintheaccident.5. 由every,each,manya,no等限定的單個(gè)主語由and連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)，后一個(gè)限定詞可省略。Everymanand(every)womanisatwork.6. 表示成雙成套的名詞，(如chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,

13、shoes,socks,trousers等，)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如與akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof連用，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thetrousersareinthedrawer.Thepairofshoesisratherexpensive.7. 由kind,form,type,sort,species,seriesof等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是它們后面所跟的名詞。Thisnewtypeofbusesisonshow.比較：Busesofthiskindarenowonshow.8. one,everyo

14、ne,eachone,each,anyone,either,neitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。Neithersideoftheteamiswillingtogivein.如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all,most,some,neither,none等詞，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之用單數(shù)。Therestofthestudentsarewateringtrees.Therestofthewinehasgonebad.Noneofthemoneyhasbeenspentonrepairs.Noneofthebookshave/hasbeenplacedontheselves.No

15、nehas/havearrived.沒有人來。9. 表示國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、事件、作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。OneThousandAndOneNightstellspeoplelotsofmysteriousbitsoffolklore.TheUnitedStatesisleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology.10. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-tcs結(jié)尾，(如mathematics,politics,physics)形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)的名詞。Ithinkphysicsiseasytostudy.11. 表示群島，山脈，瀑布，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等專有名

16、詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.12. the+adj表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thericharenotalwayshappy.二、由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1.and或both-and連接并列主語，表示不同概念，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。TheGermanandtheEnglishlanguagehavesomethingincommon.但并列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語表示整體概念時(shí)，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞修飾。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinh

17、istory.ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：相關(guān)名詞并列表示整體概念ironandsteel車岡鐵lawandorder治安breadandbutter黃油面包c(diǎn)offeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡sodaandwater汽水saltandwater鹽開水配套事物awatchandchain一塊帶鏈的表aneedleandthread針線Aknifeandforkisneededforawesternmeal.Thecartandhorse(馬車)iscoming.表示兼職或有多個(gè)稱呼的人Thewriterandt

18、eacherisspeakingatthemeeting.兩個(gè)完全重合的概念并列Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessofall.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.1. 由or,notonly-butalso-,either-or,neither-nor，MI的并bufc語，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和與它鄰近的主語保持一致。EitheryouorIammad.Neitheryounorheisright.Notonlyhebutalsohisfamilyarefriendly.2. 當(dāng)主

19、語后面E艮有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,morethan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。Yourfatheraswellasyouisverykindtome.You,ratherthanyourteacher,areresponsibleforyourstudies.三、分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞"構(gòu)成的短語及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,halfof,構(gòu)成的短語作主

20、語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.Onethirdofthestudentsaregirlsinourgroup.注意：alargequantityof后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般由后面的名詞來決定，而(large)quantitiesof后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargequantityoftimeisneeded.Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.Largequant

21、itiesoffoodareneededinthevillage.agreatdealof/alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Agreatdealofricewastakenfromthecountrytothecitybyrailway.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.1. anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofstudentsaregoingf

22、orapicnicthisweekend.ThenumberofdaysinFebruarythisyearis28.2. oneandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但該短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。a/an+n+andahalf作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Oneandahalfbananashasbeeneatenbythechild.Anhourandahalfisenough.四、動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語和從句作主語動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語和從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Smokingisbadforhealth.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdec

23、idedyet.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaregoodteachers.五、其它倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中主謂一致Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中主謂一致ItisMikewhoalwayshelpsmestudyEnglishafterclass.1. 趁熱打鐵一、賓語補(bǔ)足語練習(xí)I'llgotoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtoyourfather?2. A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.

24、beingtakenThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaughtandletheroff.3. A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingMrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrongagain.4. A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedThestudentsexpectedtobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.5. A.thereB.itC.

25、thatD.oneWhenhereturnedyearslater,hefoundhishometowncompletely.6. A.tochangeB.changedC.changingD.changePeterwantedhisTV,buthiswifewouldratherhaveit.7. A.fixed,thrownB.tobefixed,bethrownC.fixed,throwingD.fixing,throwingWithleavesintheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.8. A.falling,buryingB.

26、fallen,buriedC.fallen,buryingD.falling,buriedThedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.9. A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingBillsuggestedameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.10. A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.holdtheroom,thenursefoundthetaperecorder.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;gone11

27、. C.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolenTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.12. A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donottoWhodoyouthinkyou'dlikewithyou,aboyoragirl?13. A.tohavegoB.tohavetogoC.tohavegoneD.havingtogoAnyonebags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.14.

28、 A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.seeingtocarryD.seeingcarryingTheaccidentissaidbythethickdarknessandthesnowontheroad.15. A.tobecausingB.tohavebeencausedC.beingcausedD.tobecausedThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.16. A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutThoughhehadoften

29、madehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.17. A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cryTheywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.18. A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingThesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudienceonbenches,chairsorboxes.19. A.havingseatedB.seated

30、C.seatingD.havingbeenseatedYouhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.20. A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingoutHemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.A.understand;breakingB.understand;broken21. C.understood;breakingD.understood;brokenThegirlisstillfastasleep,withherheaddeepinarms.22. A.buryB.toburyC.bur

31、iedD.buryingShewonderedwhoforgottoleavethefreshfruitsandvegetables.23. A.coverB.coveringC.tobecoveredD.coveredFinallytheyreachedanagreement,with.A.everyconcernedstudentB.everystudentwasconcerned24. C.everystudentconcernedD.alltheconcernedstudentsThefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecells

32、insidethehumannoseandthroat.25. A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavebeencausedWhodidthebosshiscarthistime?1. A.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowash二、主謂一致練習(xí)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertscausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.2. A.isB.areC.haveD.hasOnethirdofthecountrycoveredwithtreesan

33、dthemajorityofthecitizensblackpeople.3. A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;isJohnaswellastheotherstaffmemberswhoworkingwiththisworld-famouscompanytoattendits100thanniversary.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are4.SuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficulttounderstand.3. A.are;isB.is;i

34、sC.are;areD.is:areThepopulationofthecityfromlessthanhalfamillionin1949toovertwomillion.4. A.haveincreasedB.hasimprovedC.haveimprovedD.hasincreasedWhileahugeamountofmoneybeenspentstoppingpollution,largequantitiesofwaterstillheavilypolluted.5. A.have;isB.has;areC.have;areD.has;hasAnaverageofabout100e-

35、mailsaweekreceived.SuchthecasewithMartinatpresent.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD,are;is8.SofarasIknow,morethanonepersonconnectedwiththeaccident.A.isB.hasC.areD.have9.Thenumberofpeopleintheworldabout6billionandlargequantitiesofwaste_eachyear.A.totals;hasbeenproducedB.totals;isproducedC.totals;areproducedD

36、.total;arebeingproduced10Whattheremoteareasneedmosteducationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneedgoodtextbooksatthemoment.A.was;wereB.are;isC.is;areD.were;wasHey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmetosendmoneytoDeleteit!It'satrick.Manyapersonbysuchtricks.11. A.hasbeencheatedB.havebeencheatedC.werecheatedD.wascheatedWeeachstrongpointsandeachofus,ontheotherhand,weakpoints.12. A.have;hasB.have;haveC.has;haveD.has;hasPeteraswellastheotherchildrenwhonoparentsgoodcareofinthevillage.13. A.have;isbeingtakenB.ha