功能加忠誠理論諾德FunctionalityplusLoyalty

1、functionality plus loyalty Christiane Nord 周莉周莉劉美辰劉美辰Main partsMain partsexamplesBackgroundNords theory123第一代功能派翻譯理論1.1. 凱瑟林娜凱瑟林娜賴斯賴斯(Kantharina(Kantharina Reiss)Reiss)的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的功能功能 (the(the FunctionalFunctional CategoryCategory ofof TranslationTranslation CriticisCriticism)m) 提出將文本功能列為翻譯批評的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，

2、指出翻譯批評的依據(jù)應(yīng)是原文和譯文兩提出將文本功能列為翻譯批評的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指出翻譯批評的依據(jù)應(yīng)是原文和譯文兩者功能之間的關(guān)系。者功能之間的關(guān)系。 文本類型理論：信息型，表達(dá)型，操作型文本類型理論：信息型，表達(dá)型，操作型 譯文必須連貫一致，而這種連貫性取決于譯者對原文意圖的理解。譯文必須連貫一致，而這種連貫性取決于譯者對原文意圖的理解。 賴斯的理論總體上是建立在對等理論之上，其實(shí)質(zhì)指的是譯文與原文的功能對等。賴斯的理論總體上是建立在對等理論之上，其實(shí)質(zhì)指的是譯文與原文的功能對等。-expressiveOperative reference work report lecture biography

3、 play poemoperating instructionstourist brochureofficial speech satiresermonelectoral speechadvertisementReisss text types and text varieties2.漢斯費(fèi)米爾(HansVermeer)的翻譯目的論(Skopostheorie)(Skopostheorie) 三個(gè)法則：目的法則，連貫法則，忠實(shí)性法則三個(gè)法則：目的法則，連貫法則，忠實(shí)性法則 以行為理論為基礎(chǔ)，提出以行為理論為基礎(chǔ)，提出“翻譯行為翻譯行為”概念概念 所有翻譯遵循的首要法則是目的法則，翻譯行為所要達(dá)

4、到的目的決定整所有翻譯遵循的首要法則是目的法則，翻譯行為所要達(dá)到的目的決定整 個(gè)翻譯行為的過程，即結(jié)果決定方法個(gè)翻譯行為的過程，即結(jié)果決定方法3.3. 賈斯塔賈斯塔赫茲赫茲曼塔利曼塔利(Justa(Justa HolzHolz Mantari)Mantari) 的翻譯行為的翻譯行為理論理論(theory(theory ofof translationtranslation action)action) 翻譯行為理論把翻譯視為有目的，重結(jié)果的交際活動(dòng)，把翻譯過程視為與翻譯行為理論把翻譯視為有目的，重結(jié)果的交際活動(dòng)，把翻譯過程視為與文化轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)聯(lián)的信息傳遞綜合體（文化轉(zhuǎn)換相關(guān)聯(lián)的信息傳遞綜合體（m

5、essage-transmittermessage-transmitter compounds)compounds) 翻譯不是單純地翻譯詞語，句子或文本，而是引導(dǎo)意向中的合作，跨越文翻譯不是單純地翻譯詞語，句子或文本，而是引導(dǎo)意向中的合作，跨越文化障礙，促進(jìn)功能性的交際?；系K，促進(jìn)功能性的交際。第二代功能翻譯理論Nordstheory功能加忠誠（功能加忠誠（Function plus LoyaltyFunction plus Loyalty） Definition:Definition: the translator should aim at the translator should a

6、im at producing functional target text which conforms producing functional target text which conforms to the requirement of the translation to the requirement of the translation skoposskopos fixed by the initiatorfixed by the initiator, respecting, at the same , respecting, at the same time, the leg

7、itimate interests of both the time, the legitimate interests of both the author of the original and the readers of the author of the original and the readers of the translation. translation. text types and their functionsTypeFunction ExampleReferential指稱reference to objects and phenomena of the worl

8、dIts raining.(下雨了)Expressive表情expression of the senders attitude or feelings towards the objects and phenomena dealt with in the textIts bloody pissing down again!(討厭，又下雨了！)Appellative訴求appealing to the receivers experience,feelings, knowledge, sensibility Wait here till it stops raining!(等雨停了再說吧！)P

9、hatic寒暄establishing, maintaining or finishing contactNasty weather again,isnt it?(見鬼的天氣又卷土重來了，你沒感覺到嗎？)A Translation-oriented Model of Text Functions(Christiane Nord)referentialreferential function functioninformative function( a traffic accident)metalingual function(a particular use of language)inst

10、ructive function( the correct way of handling a washing machine)teaching function( e.g Geography)appellativefunctionTypeIntended reactionillustrative functionrecognition of something knownpersuasive functionadopt the senders viewpointimperative functiondo what the sender is asking forpedagogical fun

11、ction(教育功能)learn certain forms of behavioradvertising functionbuy the productexpressive functionemotive function(expression of feelings)evaluative function(expression of evaluation)Phaticfunction salutational function salutational function small talk function small talk function peg function peg fun

12、ctionTwobasictypesoftranslationprocess Documentary translationDocumentary translation( (文獻(xiàn)性翻譯文獻(xiàn)性翻譯) ) An instrumental translationAn instrumental translation（工具性翻譯）工具性翻譯）DocumentarytranslationT r a n s l a t o r s a s t h e T r a n s l a t o r s a s t h e author of original author of original texttex

13、tthe authorST recipient 紀(jì)實(shí)型翻譯DocumentaryTranslation翻譯功能翻譯功能為目的語文化讀者記錄原語文化交際互動(dòng)翻譯類型翻譯類型紀(jì)實(shí)型翻譯翻譯形式翻譯形式逐行對照翻譯逐行對照翻譯 逐詞對應(yīng)翻譯逐詞對應(yīng)翻譯 語文學(xué)翻譯語文學(xué)翻譯異國情調(diào)翻譯異國情調(diào)翻譯翻譯目的翻譯目的再現(xiàn)原語系統(tǒng) 再現(xiàn)原語形式 再現(xiàn)原文形式+內(nèi)容 再現(xiàn)原文形式、 內(nèi)容+情景翻譯焦點(diǎn)翻譯焦點(diǎn) 原語詞匯 結(jié)構(gòu)+句法 原文詞匯單位 原文句法單位 原文文本（語篇）單位舉例說明舉例說明 對比語言學(xué)新聞文本中的引語希臘和拉丁經(jīng)典名著現(xiàn)代文學(xué)中小說（散文）AnInstrumentalTranslati

14、ontarget culturetarget culturecommunicationcommunicationA new communicative actionfulfill its communicative purposeEg: A computer manual or software工具型翻譯Instrumental Translation工具型翻譯工具型翻譯功能保存翻譯（功能保存翻譯（Function-preserving Translation) 或叫等同功能翻譯（或叫等同功能翻譯（Equi-functional Translation) 例如：科技文獻(xiàn)、商務(wù)信函、操作手冊、電

15、腦說明書例如：科技文獻(xiàn)、商務(wù)信函、操作手冊、電腦說明書翻譯等。翻譯等。異質(zhì)功能翻譯（異質(zhì)功能翻譯（Heterofunctional Translation) 例如：莎士比亞戲劇被改譯成兒童故事讀物。例如：莎士比亞戲劇被改譯成兒童故事讀物。相似翻譯（相似翻譯（Homologous Translation) 例如：例如：“詩人譯詩詩人譯詩”的做法。的做法。 忠實(shí)（fidelity, faithfulness）與忠誠a. fidelity or faithfulness refers to thea. fidelity or faithfulness refers to therelationshi

16、p between source text and targetrelationship between source text and targettext.text.eg. literal translation (eg. literal translation (直譯直譯) ) free translation ( free translation (意譯意譯) )b. loyalty is an interpersonal category referring to b. loyalty is an interpersonal category referring to a socia

17、l relationship between people.a social relationship between people.( (忠誠是一種翻譯上的倫理道義的原則。忠誠是一種翻譯上的倫理道義的原則。) )author; commissioner translator target author; commissioner translator target readers readers eg. eg. Lady Chatterleys LoverLady Chatterleys Lover ( (查特萊夫人的情人）查特萊夫人的情人） Living HistoryLiving His

18、tory ( (親歷歷史：希拉里回憶錄親歷歷史：希拉里回憶錄) ) 1.functinalityandloyaltyinfilmdobbingKung Fu PandaKung Fu PandaSo, you want to get to sleep. 那么 是的你想睡覺了 Yeah.Im keeping you up.你要睡了 我在打擾你 We got big things tomorrow. 我們明天還有大事要干. all right. Youre awesome.Last thing im gonna say. Bye-bye.你很牛！我就說這些啦，OK 拜拜 2.functionali

19、tyandloyaltyinbusinesstranslation安徽大學(xué)的劉俊烈在譯安徽大學(xué)的劉俊烈在譯“渦陽苔干渦陽苔干”廣告時(shí)，有這么廣告時(shí)，有這么一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句子:“:“( (苔干苔干) )有清熱降壓、通經(jīng)脈、壯筋骨、去有清熱降壓、通經(jīng)脈、壯筋骨、去口臭、解熱毒酒毒及治療心臟病、神經(jīng)官能癥、消化口臭、解熱毒酒毒及治療心臟病、神經(jīng)官能癥、消化不良、貧血諸功效。不良、貧血諸功效?！彼@樣處理的他這樣處理的: : Taigan has been believed to be able to produce certain medical effects，namely，to allay a f

20、ever，to reduce hypertension，to strengthen physical and mental functions,to relieve halitosis and to dispel the effects of alcohol. Taigan can also be served as a medical diet for those who are suffering from heart failure，neurosis，indigestion and anemia.References當(dāng)代西方翻譯理論選讀，馬會(huì)娟、苗菊，外語教育與研究當(dāng)代西方翻譯理論選讀，馬會(huì)娟、苗菊，外語教育與研究出版社，出版社，2009200