Chapter2課后題講解

1、Chapter 2 課后題講解 The leaders of the worlds 20 major economies on Friday ended a frequently rancorous two-day summit in this northeast Asian capital without reaching agreement on specific steps to avert damaging currency and trade wars. rancorous:憎恨的，怨恨的，充滿敵意的 Trans.星期五，世界上20個(gè)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人結(jié)束了在這座東北亞首都城市舉行的

2、為期兩天的峰會(huì)。各國(guó)爭(zhēng)論不休，然而卻沒有就避免破壞性貨幣和貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的具體措施達(dá)成一致意見。There were far more setbacks than gains, but President Obama suffered the biggest disappointment, falling short in his attempt to forge a unified approach to boosting the global economy. far morethan fall short in會(huì)議遭遇的挫折遠(yuǎn)多于收獲，而奧巴馬總統(tǒng)最為沮喪，其采取統(tǒng)一方法推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的努力未能

3、成功。In one blow, G-20 members refused to endorse a U.S. effort to force China to raise the value of its currency, prolonging a bitter dispute that many say could eventually lead to a global trade war. endorse：publicly support or approve of sth. e.g. I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly. 20國(guó)集團(tuán)成員

4、國(guó)突然拒絕支持美國(guó)迫使中國(guó)提高幣值的嘗試，延續(xù)了這場(chǎng)痛苦的爭(zhēng)端，很多人認(rèn)為爭(zhēng)端最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。Before world leaders left the city, they issued a watered-down statement agreeing merely to refrain from “competitive devaluation” of currencies. The joint statement described their intent to promote growth while balancing trade and exchange rates an

5、d avoiding protectionist policies in general. watered-down: 打折扣的e.g. The British government introduced a watered-down version of the proposals.在離開這座城市之前，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)打了折扣的聲明，僅僅同意避免貨幣的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性貶值”。這份聯(lián)合聲明大致描述了他們推動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)，并平衡貿(mào)易和匯率以及避免貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義政策的意圖。U.S. officials described it as a substantial deal that will help relie

6、ve some of the pressure on countries suffering big trade deficits. But nations are under no binding obligation to follow the agreements. 美國(guó)官員稱此為一份重要協(xié)議，將會(huì)幫助減輕一些承受巨額貿(mào)易逆差的國(guó)家的壓力。但是各國(guó)并沒有義務(wù)遵守這些協(xié)議。Substantial: large in amount or degree. Binding: a binding promise, agreement, or decision must be obeyed or c

7、arried out. In his final speech, Obama put a positive spin on a disappointing summit, saying that the worlds developed and developing economies have been successful in putting the global economy back on a path toward recovery. 在最后的講話中，奧巴馬對(duì)這次令人失望的峰會(huì)持積極態(tài)度，說世界上的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家已經(jīng)成功地把世界經(jīng)濟(jì)引入通往復(fù)蘇的道路。put aspin:

8、If someone puts a certain spin on an event or situation, they interpret it and try to present it in a particular way. 帶傾向性的解釋說明e.g. The campaign put a favorable spin on the story.那場(chǎng)競(jìng)選活動(dòng)從那個(gè)故事中引申出了有利的政見.Yet he acknowledged that the summit nations risk slipping back into the old imbalances that contrib

9、uted to the global economic crisis. Still, he would not admit defeat in back-door meetings that often seemed on the verge of breaking into hostility. 但是他也承認(rèn)參與峰會(huì)的各國(guó)可能重陷一種險(xiǎn)境：引起本次全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡。盡管如此，他不會(huì)承認(rèn)在后門會(huì)議上遭遇的失敗。這樣的會(huì)議經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是處于陷入敵對(duì)狀態(tài)的邊緣。1) risk: v.n. ; 2) 添詞；3) 拆分He stressed that G-20 leaders made strid

10、es, including the development of a system to give the international community a mechanism to determine whether countries are engaging in unfair practices with their trading partners. 他強(qiáng)調(diào)二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)袖們作出了巨大的努力，包括建立國(guó)際社會(huì)所要求的裁定當(dāng)事國(guó)是否對(duì)貿(mào)易伙伴采取不公平做法的仲裁機(jī)制。1) _ It is slower than in the boom before the financial cris

11、is, but well above the worlds underlying speed limit of around 4%. D. This week the IMF predicted that global GDP should expand by 4.8% this year. Yet this respectable average hides a series of problems. 2)_ C. Most obviously, there is the gap between the vitality of the big emerging economies, some

12、 of which have been sprinting along at close to 10%, and the sluggishness of many rich ones. In the emerging world the macroeconomic errors come from . And emerging economies, as a group, still save more than they invest, which explains why global imbalances remain so big. 3)_E. poor countries, espe

13、cially young ones, ought in theory to invest more than they save, and so be a net source of demand for richer, older ones, all the more so when the latter are in bad shape. In the rich world the danger is the reverse: .4)_B. Rich countries are planning tax rises and spending cuts worth 1.25% Europes

14、 working-age population is about to start declining; Japans is already doing so. 5)_A. Even in America the ageing of the baby-boomers points to a slower-growing workforce. Reading Comprehension 1) Which of the following is an important reason for the American economys persistent weakness? A. New ris

15、ks.B. Damage to morale. C. Distrust in one another. D. John Maynard Keynes theory文中關(guān)鍵句: In a broad sense, damage to morale which John Maynard Keynes called “animal spirits”surely ranks as one of the most important reasons for the American economys persistent weakness. 2) According to the passage, th

16、e book Why Wages Dont Fall During a Recession focuses on _. A. the recession of 1999B. the recession of 1990-1999C. the recession of 1990-1991D. the recession of 2008-now 文中關(guān)鍵句：文中第四段it focuses on the recession of 1990-1991 and the long “jobless recovery” that followed it. 3) What is unusual about th

17、e market for labor compared with other productive factors? A. For other productive factors such as wheat, the price usually drops until the excess supply is mostly gone. B. Excess supply of labor shows up unemployment. C. Unlike factors of productions such as wheat or trucks, human beings dont have

18、morale issues. D. For labor market, excess supply can be prominent and persistent. 文中關(guān)鍵句： What is unusual about the market for labor is that excess supply, can be prominent and persistent. 4) The managers that Professor Bewley interviewed consistently told that _. A. they are concerned about both th

19、e emotional and physical state of their core employees. B. they are concerned about the emotional state of their core employees. C. they are concerned about the physical state of their core employees. D. they are concerned about he emotional state of all their employees. Paragraph 7: Professor Bewle

20、y The managers consistently told him that they are concerned about the emotional state of their core employees. 5) The underlined part in the sentence “they steel themselves against sentimentality” means _. A. become hard-hearted B. wrap themselves with wheelC. be equipped with steel D. fight agains

21、t steel yourself for/against sth.: to prepare yourself to deal with sth. unpleasant. 準(zhǔn)備對(duì)付；下決心應(yīng)付e.g. As they waited, she steeled herself for disappointment. 她等著的時(shí)候，就冷了心不指望了。 He steeled himself to tell them the truth. 他硬下心來把實(shí)情告訴了他們。6） Why do managers often lay off more people than necessary? A. To ens

22、ure that they dont have to repeat the ordeal anytime soon. B. To ensure that the remaining workers work harder. C. To cut down cost. D. because the remaining workers want to take extra work. 關(guān)鍵句: Unfortunately, managers often lay off more people than necessary, to ensure that they dont have to repea

23、t the ordeal anytime soon. 7) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. directlyB. never C. indirectly D. are forbidden to get in touch with those remaining employees. 8) Which of the following will employees who stay employed not experience? A. Survivors guilt. B. Pain. C. Empathy with the less fortunate. D. Extravagant vocations.9) Which of the follow