Book9英語被動語態(tài)

1、中考英語專題復習被動語態(tài) 1.1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)1)一般情況在動詞原形后一般情況在動詞原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以輔音加以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，去結(jié)尾的，去y y變變i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母， 先雙寫該輔音字母，再加先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarebe

2、enhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone 部分常見的不規(guī)則動詞：部分常見的不規(guī)則動詞： go-went-gone do-did-donehave/has-had-had take-took-taken eat-ate-eaten see-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spoken write-wrote-written sing-sang-sung build-built-builtgrow-grew-grown make-made-made am/is/are-was/were-been send-sent-sent 英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)英語的謂

3、語動詞有兩種語態(tài)We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓變主賓變主,主變賓主變賓,原主前加原主前加by動變被動變被,看清看清be, 結(jié)構分別結(jié)構分別be+ pp主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本構成：被動語態(tài)的基本構成： be+be+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞（be+done)be+done)He plants trees in spring. 主謂賓(受動者)Treesare planted byhim改為被動語態(tài)in spring.主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語找賓語 -即

4、動作的承受者即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù)判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即即be動詞的單復數(shù)動詞的單復數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài)判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即即be動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時態(tài)修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 主語主語/ 賓語賓語. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The

5、 windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，賓語提前主語變，原主變賓原主變賓by后見，后見，時態(tài)人稱時態(tài)人稱be關鍵關鍵。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主謂謂賓賓(受動者受動者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every day.主主謂謂賓賓(受動者受動者)Bowls are w

6、ashed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語）主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are +p.p. We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2. They bought ten computers last te

7、rm Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：一般過去時：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞 He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.一般過去時一般過去時was/were+p.p.He made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：一般將來時：S+ will be+

8、過去分詞過去分詞一般將來時一般將來時 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般過去時：一般將來時：一般將來時：am/is /are +P.Pwas/we

9、re +P.P.will+be+ P.P. 練習一練習一My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.3.The boy broke the window The soup was made by my mother. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang.The window was broken by the boy.被動語態(tài)的用法被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。這塊手表是中國制造的。This watch is made in C

10、hina.2. 沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者每年都應該種更多的樹。Many trees should be planted every year.何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？ 3. 需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主語是動作的承受者句子的主語是動作的承受者。許多房屋被沖走了。許多房屋被沖走了。Many houses were washed away by the fl

11、ood.5、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時。等詞時。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫來的。叫來的。6、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 7、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人有人說說”、“大家說大家說”等時。例如：等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mot

12、her died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測說據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 補充部分補充部分1. 主動結(jié)構表被動意義open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物，可以用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系動詞用主動表被動意義。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be w

13、orth doing中,doing表被動意義。例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要修理。1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom t

14、wice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. Last

15、 year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year. was built5.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.6.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done被動語態(tài)強調(diào)“賓”，用 be加上“過去分”?！癰e

16、”要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準。“行為對象”作主語，邏輯主語“by”來引。原句若是雙賓語，一變“主”來一?！百e”?！伴g賓”要把主語變，原來“直賓”還是“賓”?！爸辟e”要把主語變，“間賓”前加“to”最稱心。唯有原“賓”是“復合”，只有變賓要當心。原句“賓補”變“主補”，位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動詞變“被動”，情態(tài)加be加過分。如若“情態(tài)”后帶to，變后有to才弄準?！岸陶Z動詞”變“被動”，相當“及物”莫疑心。不過其后“介”或“副”，變后還得要承認。課堂練習課堂練習（一）改寫句子（一）改寫句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spr

17、ing every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA letter is going to be written(二二)用所給動詞的正確形式填空：用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1

18、) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed1 （陜西（陜西2013）Driving after drinking wine _ in China.A allows B doesnt allowC is allowed D isnt allowed2 (陜西陜西2014 ）A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.A starts B is startedC has started D was startedDD深度觀察深度觀察Thank you for listening!人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力，人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力