高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4） was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)5） had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)6） was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)7） shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)8） should/wou

2、ld be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)9） shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）10） should/would have been done 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例His mother gave him a present fo

3、r his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省

4、略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。例I don't like

5、being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語(yǔ))。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and

6、was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了） 三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句”或“主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well kno

7、wn that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。例 This

8、kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won't be locked （指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門, 指“門沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 How do the

9、 newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子

10、需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to

11、 the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）

12、.5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,bl

13、ame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The

14、 building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過(guò)、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyond ones control（無(wú)法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過(guò)、高于”。例His honest character is ab

15、ove all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名 詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事

16、 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+

17、名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過(guò)”。例He took two days off within the teacher's permission七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例The glass is broken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例The

18、door is locked （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door hasalready/just been locked（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。例 The machine is being repaired八、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析1 高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因?yàn)?/p>

19、serve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the

20、 rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not

21、 being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從題干的語(yǔ)境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have bee

22、n booked解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to s

23、ee B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see說(shuō)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國(guó)外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2). While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D

24、. be persuaded解析 C cant help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說(shuō)”購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】1. If city

25、 noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have to B are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being develop

26、ed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA I've been told B I've told C I'm told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and

27、burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a gla

28、ss of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That sui

29、t _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels

30、 D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write Bto write C to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out

31、D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, exce

32、llent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy st

33、ill didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.Our house_,      A . is getting paintB . is getting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where

34、 he_his friend .      A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by  3.The war_in 1937    A . was broken outB . had been broken out C . has broken outD . broke out  4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.      A . crossB . be crossingC

35、 . be crossed byD . cross by  5.My brother and I have _her birthday party.      A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to  6.It_this way      A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do  7.It_this way.&

36、#160;    A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing  8._Chaplin.      A . The child's name was calledB . The child's name calls     C . The child callsD . The child is named  9.The sports meeting_ .    

37、0; A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off  10.Mary realized she_      A . was making fun ofB . was made fun    C . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun  11._to say a thing in that way      A . It is considers wrongB .

38、It is considered wrong    C . It is considered it's wrongD . It is consiedring wrong  12.He ordered that the books_at once.      A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print  13.The story_in ChinA .       A . was taken placeB .

39、 was happened  C . took placeD . has been taken place  14.The house_my parents      A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to  15.He_by his teacher.      A . happened to see B . was happened to see  C . happened to be seenD . was

40、happened to be seen  16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings.      A . have been taken place, have been set up     B . have taken place, have been set up     C . have been taken place, have been set up     D . were taken p

41、lace, were set up  17.The hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps.      A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnished     C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full  18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?  

42、  A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see  19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_.      A . had already taken offB . already took off     C . was already taking offD . was already taken off  20. Some of the hotels

43、in my hometown_.      A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding     C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now  21. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner     A . are not kept；will have toB . are not kep

44、t；have     C . do not keep；will have toD . do not keep；have to 22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.     A . developedB . have developed     C . are being developedD . will have been developed  23.

45、- _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather     A . I've been toldB . I've toldC . I'm toldD . I told  24. I need one more stamp before my collection _.     A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is complete

46、d  25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.     A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut  26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.     A . has been designedB . had

47、 been designed C . was designedD . would be designed  27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.     A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken  28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.     A . have be

48、en taken place; have been set up    B . have taken place; have been set up    C . have taken place; have set up    D . were taken place; were set up  29. That suit _ over 60 dollars.     A . had costedB . costedC . is costedD . cost  30. - Look!

49、 Everything here is under construction.  - What's the pretty small house that _ for?     A . is being builtB . has been builtC . is builtD . is building  31.- Do you like the material?  - Yes, it _ very soft.     A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is

50、felt  32. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese    A . writeB . to writeC . to be writtenD . written  33. I have no more letters _ ，thank you     A . to typeB . typingC . to be typedD . typed  34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.     A . won't wash outB . won't be washed out  C . isn't washed outD . isn't washing out  35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _