非謂語動(dòng)詞記憶口訣

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞記憶口訣 英語中的動(dòng)詞分謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞兩大類，謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中可以作謂語，非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中不能作謂語。非謂語動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，規(guī)則很多，容易混淆和出錯(cuò)。下面小編利用口訣學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的方法，希望能幫到大家。巧用口訣學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式“非謂”形式記憶口訣“非謂”形式1、2、3，過去分詞最簡單;現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞，兩種形式記心間;不定式形式有三種，“完成”“進(jìn)行”和“一般”。非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式共分三種，即過去分詞只有一種形式，現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種形式，動(dòng)詞不定式有三種形式，簡稱“非謂形式1、2、3”。見下表(以動(dòng)詞do為例，下同)。非謂語動(dòng)詞形式1、

2、2、3 (圖1)非謂語動(dòng)詞一 般 式進(jìn) 行式完 成 式過去分詞done現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done動(dòng)詞不定式to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done從從上表格中可以看出過去分詞最簡單，只有一種形式，即一般式done,現(xiàn)在分詞分一般和完成兩種形式，動(dòng)詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式三種形式。熟記這些形式，是學(xué)好和用好非謂語動(dòng)詞的必要前提，必須在“熟”字上下功夫。當(dāng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和使用非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，大腦中首先浮現(xiàn)出“非謂語動(dòng)詞形式1、2、3”這幅圖表，答題就有了

3、較好的基礎(chǔ)。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的功能非謂語動(dòng)詞總共有10種形式，每種形式用法均不同，不僅如此，有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式在句子中還可以充當(dāng)同一功能(比如過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式均可在句中做定語)，但存在區(qū)別。以下表格(圖2)僅介紹非謂語動(dòng)詞10種形式的主要功能及特點(diǎn)，詳細(xì)用法可參看有關(guān)語法書籍。非謂語動(dòng)詞各種形式功能表(圖2)非謂語動(dòng)詞句 中 功 能主要特點(diǎn)done定語、狀語、表語、賓補(bǔ)被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成doing主語、定語、狀語、表語、賓補(bǔ)主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行being done主語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行having done狀語、賓語、不能作定語主動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成having been done狀

4、語、賓語、不能作定語被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成to do主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語主動(dòng)，將要發(fā)生to be done主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語被動(dòng)，將要發(fā)生to be doing賓語(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行to have done賓語(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)主動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成to have been done賓語(常與動(dòng)詞搭配)被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成說明：1.doing和to do 都可以作主語、賓語和表語，但to do 表示將要進(jìn)行的“某一次”動(dòng)作，doing則表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作(例1);它們都可以用作狀語，但doing表示伴隨或行為方式，而todo常表示目的(例2);2.doing/being done 和havi

5、ng done/having been done都可以在句中作狀語，但dong/being done表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，而having done/having been done表示的動(dòng)作則發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前(例3、例4);3.done,being done, to be done 這三個(gè)被動(dòng)形式都可以在句子中作定語，但它們的時(shí)間概念有明顯不同(例4-6);4.動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式和完成式常與一些動(dòng)詞搭配(例8、例9)。試比較以下例句：1.She likes swimming very much but she doesn’t like to sw

6、im this afternoon because it is cold. 她(平時(shí))非常喜歡游泳，但是她不喜歡今天下午(這一次)游泳,因?yàn)樘鞖廨^冷。2.Mary went to street to do some shopping, driving her new car.瑪麗上街去買東西(目的)，開著(行為方式狀語)自己的新車。3. Entering the room, I saw a cat jumping on te table. 一進(jìn)房間，我就看見貓?jiān)谧郎咸?. Having worked for hours, I felt a little tired. 已經(jīng)工作了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，我感

7、到有點(diǎn)兒累5. Do you like the room cleaned by me just now? 你喜歡我已經(jīng)打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎?Do you like the room being cleaned by me now? 你喜歡我正在打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎?Do you like the room to be cleaned by me soon? 你喜歡我即將打掃的那個(gè)房間嗎8. When I came in the boy seemed to be sleeping. 我進(jìn)去時(shí)那個(gè)男孩似乎正在睡覺。When they came here I happened to have gone ou

8、t.他們來這兒時(shí)我碰巧出去了。注意：例1中的過去分詞cleaned不能用having been cleaned來代替，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般在句子中作狀語或賓語，不能作定語。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞使用口訣在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，非謂語動(dòng)詞還有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法，運(yùn)用以下口訣，聯(lián)想老師所講的或語法書上所寫的一些細(xì)則，答題時(shí)思路就清晰得多：非謂語動(dòng)詞使用口訣一看主語或主格，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)分清白;二看句中作何用，形式、時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇;三看動(dòng)詞咋搭配，約定俗成是規(guī)則;四看句型與句意，特殊用法要記得。一看主語或主格，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)分清白1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776B.C,did not include

9、women players until 1912.(NMET2019)A. first playing B to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing該句的主語the Olympic Games與play之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A.D.兩項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)是不定式的被動(dòng)形式，表示將來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)排除，故C項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。2. _, I will go bowling with you this afternoon.A. Mother permits B. If Mother permitC. Mother permitting D. Moth

10、er permittedA選項(xiàng)本身是一個(gè)句子，缺少連詞與后邊的句子連接;B項(xiàng)語法有錯(cuò)，permit應(yīng)為permits;C項(xiàng)的mother為主格，與動(dòng)詞permit之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以正確答案為C.二看句中作何用，形式與時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most famous popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make此題答案為A, making是現(xiàn)在分詞，在句中作狀語，與主語European football是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;D項(xiàng)是

11、不定式的主動(dòng)形式，可作目的狀語，但目的狀語前不用逗號(hào);B.C屬語法錯(cuò)誤。三看動(dòng)詞咋搭配，約定俗成是規(guī)則While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _into buying something they don’t really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuadedcan’t help是“抑制不住”“情不自禁”的意思，其后要接doing或being done 等形式，屬固定搭配，故排除A.D兩項(xiàng)

12、。從句意來看，是人們“被說服”，所以答案為C，persuade sb into doing sth = persuade sb to do sth.四看句型與句意，特殊用法要記得1) How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET 1993)A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be takinghow/what about + doing(n. pron.)是固定句型，該句中的the two of us 是動(dòng)名詞taking的邏輯主語，the two of us taking一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

13、。在句子中作介詞about的賓語。2) The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun該句中的once begun是once it is begun的省略句，意為“一旦開始”，故答案為D.例如：Once (it is ) seen, it will never be forgotten. 一旦看見(它)，永久難忘。3) -How do you deal with the disagreement bet

14、ween the company and the customers?-The key _the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve, making D. to solve; made該題中的the key to sth/doing sth 意為“.的關(guān)鍵”“.的答案”，to 為介詞，其后要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，第二空有短語by the customers,很明顯要選過去分詞made,所以正確答案為B.該句的意思是：解決這個(gè)難題的關(guān)鍵

15、是滿足顧客所提出的要求。十招搞定非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞用法分析說明：非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作;而不定式作主語表示具體動(dòng)作Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)

16、，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3)不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語不定式作表語一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作。To do two things at a

17、time is to do neither.-次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。如果主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。如果主語是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對(duì)主語起

18、補(bǔ)充說明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛豪華轎車。The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the p

19、lant.(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。注：動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說明動(dòng)作是由主語完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His vi

20、ctory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.(3)分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語。這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite， interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對(duì)感興趣，就是somebody is in

21、terested in.,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有：interesting使人感到高興-interested感到高興的exciting令人激動(dòng)的-excited感到激動(dòng)的delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的-puzzled感到費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿意的-satisfied感到滿意的su

22、rprising令人驚異的-surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的-worried感到擔(dān)心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing.他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。They were very excited at the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。(4)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞

23、既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝ask問 dread害怕 need需要agree同意 desire愿望 love愛swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望bear承受 en

24、deavor努力 offer提供beg請(qǐng)求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃bother擾亂;煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿care關(guān)心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許start開始 undertake承接 want想要consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀 incline有傾向 propose提議seek找，尋覓 t

25、ry試圖2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式ask要求，邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng)，得到 prompt促使allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵(lì) pray請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告compel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)，

26、 summon傳喚command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練cause引起 instruct指示 require要求deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望奇速英語暑假網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)直播課程11月報(bào)班9.5折，兩科連報(bào)

27、8.5折，并送十講突破核心語法視頻，詳情請(qǐng)咨詢qq：2835745855或者3234190098來不及的不是時(shí)間，而是行動(dòng)，心動(dòng)就馬上行動(dòng)，當(dāng)你還在猶豫的時(shí)候，先報(bào)名的童鞋已經(jīng)甩你很遠(yuǎn)了。英語學(xué)習(xí)：非謂語動(dòng)詞十大實(shí)用解題原則非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞。原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連

28、接，則需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞例1. _ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told例2._ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例1中有連詞

29、but連接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案為C。例2中后面是一個(gè)句子，而且沒有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意此處為被動(dòng)，所以答案為A。原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無-ed形式非謂語動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語時(shí)用-ing形式，無賓語時(shí)用-ed形式例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析：lose為及物動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒有賓語，所以用-ed形式，答案為B。例4. _

30、, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities解析：把?？紤]進(jìn)來結(jié)構(gòu)為take sth into consideration，現(xiàn)在take后面有賓語all the po

31、ssibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案為B。原則三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞之前例5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根據(jù)句意“我們沒有打通電話，就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件”，沒有打通電話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done，答案為D。例6. Tim Bemers-Lee

32、 is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found解析：根據(jù)句意，Tim Bemers-Lee創(chuàng)立萬維網(wǎng)應(yīng)該是過去的事情，而且be considered后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式，所以應(yīng)該用to have done，答案為A。原則四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，表示將來用-to do，表正在進(jìn)行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed例7. The play_ n

33、ext month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.being producedC.to be produced D.having been produced解析：根據(jù)本題中的時(shí)間狀語next month，可知the play將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來，表將來應(yīng)該用to do，所以答案為C。例8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow d

34、own解析：根據(jù)句意“被暴風(fēng)雨刮倒的樹已經(jīng)從路上移走了”，樹被刮倒是過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，表已經(jīng)完成用-ed形式，所以答案為B。原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加邏輯主語例9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：本題led to中的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的邏輯主語，所以答案為D。例10. At

35、 the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close解析：本題the noise of中的of是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用-ing形式，desks作-ing的邏輯主語，所以答案為C。原則六、-ing形式或to do可作主語或賓語，-ed形式則不可以例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam

36、is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：本題中is為系動(dòng)詞，前面應(yīng)該作主語，用-ing形式，所以答案為C。例12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been exami

37、ned解析：本題中is為系動(dòng)詞，前面應(yīng)該作主語，用-ing形式，所以答案為C。原則七、be+-ed+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)?？砂裝e去掉保留-ed+介詞做狀語例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析：“和。相比較”結(jié)構(gòu)為be compared with，現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保留非謂語動(dòng)詞，把動(dòng)詞be去掉，答案為D。例14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold

38、decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing解析：“面對(duì)”結(jié)構(gòu)為be faced with, 現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保留非謂語動(dòng)詞，把動(dòng)詞be去掉，答案為C。原則八、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時(shí)，要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例15. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unle

39、ss we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語the postman一致，the postman應(yīng)該是被咬，所以答案為B。例16._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語he

40、一致, he 和walk應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案為B。例17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根據(jù)“非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致”的原則，watching的邏輯主語應(yīng)和后面句子主語一致，所以句子主語應(yīng)為“we”，答案為C。例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their

41、lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：本題沒有連詞，所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，the lessons是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，和非謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是“被完成”，所以答案為B。原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語(表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式)。另外，某些形容詞(表喜、怒、哀、樂)做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例19._, you need to give all you have and try your best.奇速英語公眾

42、微信號(hào)qisuenA Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力”，此處表目的，所以答案為B。例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意為“記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了”，表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用only to do，所以

43、答案為B。例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本題句意為“玻璃門替換了木頭門，自然光就進(jìn)來了”，自然光進(jìn)來時(shí)順其自然的結(jié)果，所以用doing, 答案為B。例22.How glad I am _ you!A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen解析： 本題是I am glad to see you 的感嘆句形式，to see you 是原因狀語，答案為B。原則十、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定原則是在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not，有not to do, not